scholarly journals Adoption of improved grains legumes and dryland cereals crop varieties: A synthesis of evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Woldeyohanes ◽  
◽  
Karl Hughes ◽  
Kai Mausch ◽  
Judith Oduol
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Recent Effort ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Like other crop improvement programs, a key prerequisite for the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (CRP GLDC) to generate large-scale impact is large-scale adoption. Hence, evidencing the breadth and depth of such adoption is both of intrinsic interest and important for estimating downstream impacts, such as improved food and nutritional security, income, resilience, and soil health. While various GLDC adoption studies have been undertaken, a recent effort to systematically review these studies and synthesize the results is lacking. We undertook such a review, identifying 69 studies and 35 independent country crop combinations (CCCs). To generate aggregated and updated estimates of GLDC improved varietal adoption, we devised and applied a procedure to estimate national cropping areas under such varieties and, in turn, the number of adopting households. Estimates derived from household surveys and expert opinion solicitation are treated with higher and lower levels of confidence, respectively. As of 2019, we estimate from higher confidence studies that improved GLDC crops were cultivated on 15.37 million hectares of land by 17.64 million households in CRP GLDC’s 13 priority countries. With the inclusion of lower confidence studies, these numbers increase to 32 and 44.64 million, respectively. We are further confident that the program exceeded its adoption target of 8.9 million newly adopting households from 2011, particularly when likely spillovers vis-à-vis non-surveyed areas, non-priority countries, and non-priority crops in priority countries are considered.

scholarly journals Domesticating the Undomesticated for Global Food and Nutritional Security: Four Steps

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeet Singh ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Dubey ◽  
Rajan Chaurasia ◽  
Rama Kant Dubey ◽  
Krishna Kumar Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Poor Soil ◽  
Global Food

Ensuring the food and nutritional demand of the ever-growing human population is a major sustainability challenge for humanity in this Anthropocene. The cultivation of climate resilient, adaptive and underutilized wild crops along with modern crop varieties is proposed as an innovative strategy for managing future agricultural production under the changing environmental conditions. Such underutilized and neglected wild crops have been recently projected by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations as ‘future smart crops’ as they are not only hardy, and resilient to changing climatic conditions, but also rich in nutrients. They need only minimal care and input, and therefore, they can be easily grown in degraded and nutrient-poor soil also. Moreover, they can be used for improving the adaptive traits of modern crops. The contribution of such neglected, and underutilized crops and their wild relatives to global food production is estimated to be around 115–120 billion US$ per annum. Therefore, the exploitation of such lesser utilized and yet to be used wild crops is highly significant for climate resilient agriculture and thereby providing a good quality of life to one and all. Here we provide four steps, namely: (i) exploring the unexplored, (ii) refining the unrefined traits, (iii) cultivating the uncultivated, and (iv) popularizing the unpopular for the sustainable utilization of such wild crops as a resilient strategy for ensuring food and nutritional security and also urge the timely adoption of suitable frameworks for the large-scale exploitation of such wild species for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and Selection Criteria in Bambara Groundnut Accessions Based Yield Performance

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Atiqullah Khaliqi ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Norida Mazlan ◽  
Mashitah Jusoh ◽  
Yusuff Oladosu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
The Relationship

The knowledge of genetic variability and breeding techniques is crucial in crop improvement programs. This information is especially important in underutilized crops such as Bambara groundnut, which have limited breeding systems and genetic diversity information. Hence, this study evaluated the genetic variability and established the relationship between the yield and its components in Bambara groundnut based on seed weight using multivariate analysis. A field trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications on 28 lines. Data were collected on 12 agro-morphological traits, and a statistical analysis was conducted using SAS version 9.4 software, while the variance component, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variation, heritability, and genetic advance values were estimated. A cluster analysis was performed using NT-SYS software to estimate the genetic relations among the accessions. The results showed significant variability among the accessions based on the yield and yield component characteristics. The evaluated lines were grouped into seven primary clusters based on the assessed traits using the UPGMA dendrogram. Based on the overall results, G5LR1P3, G1LR1P3, G4LR1P1, G2SR1P1 and G3SR1P4 performed the best for the yield and yield components. These improved lines are recommended for large-scale evaluation and utilization in future breeding programs to develop high-yield Bambara groundnut varieties.

Analysis of Global and National Scenario of Tuber Crops Production: Trends and Prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 500-510
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Tuber Crops

This paper attempts to explore the status of tuber crops cultivation with regard to area, production and productivity across countries and exports of cassava and sweet potatoes from India. The result indicated that among various tuber crops, potatoes were vastly cultivated and consumed by Europe and Asia. At the same time, cassava and sweet potatoes were generally grown and consumed by Africa and Asia. In India, cassava and sweet potatoes are the most important tuber crops due to their large scale and varied uses. The growth rate analysis showed that the area under cassava (-1.38 percent) and sweet potatoes (-0.70 percent) as a whole showed a declining trend in India due to various agro-climatic conditions and socioeconomic constraints. In the context of climate change and considering the importance of root and tuber crops for food and nutritional security, it would be a smart move to bring more area under tuber crops cultivation to achieve 'self-reliance' and ' Make in India Mission'.

scholarly journals The Trilogy of Wild Crops, Traditional Agronomic Practices, and UN-Sustainable Development Goals

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeet Singh ◽  
Rama Kant Dubey ◽  
Amit Kumar Bundela ◽  
Purushothaman C. Abhilash
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
World Population ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

The world population is projected to become 10 billion by the end of this century. This growing population exerts tremendous pressure on our finite food resources. Unfortunately, the lion-share of the global calorie intake is reliant upon a handful of plant species like rice, wheat, maize, soybean and potato. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to expand our dietary reliance to nutritionally rich but neglected, underutilized and yet-to-be-used wild plants. Many wild plants are also having ethnomedicinal and biocultural significance. Owing to their ecosystem plasticity, they are adapted to diverse habitats including marginal, degraded and other disturbed soil systems. Due to these resilient attributes, they can be considered for large-scale cultivation. However, proper biotechnological interventions are important for (i) removing the negative traits (e.g., low yield, slow growth, antinutritional factors, etc.), (ii) improving the positive traits (e.g., nutritional quality, stress tolerance, etc.), as well as (iii) standardizing the mass multiplication and cultivation strategies of such species for various agro-climatic regions. Besides, learning the biocultural knowledge and traditional cultivation practices employed by the local people is also crucial for their exploitation. The Special Issue “Wild Crop Relatives and Associated Biocultural and Traditional Agronomic Practices for Food and Nutritional Security” was intended to showcase the potential wild crop varieties of nutritional significance and associated biocultural knowledge from the diverse agroecological regions of the world and also to formulate suitable policy frameworks for food and nutritional security. The novel recommendations brought by this Special Issue would serve as a stepping stone for utilizing wild and neglected crops as a supplemental food. Nevertheless, long-term cultivation trials under various agro-climatic conditions are utmost important for unlocking the real potential of these species.

scholarly journals Buckwheat: A critical approach towards assessment of its potential as a super crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Nikhil K. Chrungoo ◽  
Upasna Chettry
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

Buckwheat has attracted considerable interest amongst the global scientific community due to its nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. It is a low input crop whose cultivation has persisted through centuries of civilization in almost every country where cereals were cultivated. The crop is an important source of rutin, an important flavonoid which is known to have cardioprotective, vasoprotective, antihypertensive, anti-inflammation, cytoprotective and anti-diabetic properties. Grains of buckwheat are a rich source of protein with a balanced amino acid composition, gluten free flour, dietary fibre, vitamins, resistant starch, phytosterols, fagopyrins, fagopyritols and phenolic compounds. Buckwheat is a short season crop which completes its life cycle in 70-90 days and can grow in wide range of environmental conditions including marginal lands and rocky, poorly tilled soils. The protein content in buckwheat flour is higher than in commonly used cereals such as rice, wheat, millet, sorghum and maize. Buckwheat grain protein is rich in lysine and arginine, which are generally limiting in other cereals. Because of a low Lys/ Arg and Met/Gly ratio, buckwheat protein has strong hypolipidemic activity. While Buckwheat is considered as a healthy food because of its nutraceutical properties, low yields due to seed shattering because of pedicel breaking and heterozygosity due to self-incompatibility as a consequence of dimorphic heterostylism have always remained major problems in achieving large scale incorporation of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) in the agricultural portfolio. The present review highlights the multicore potential of buckwheat as a super crop to meet the challenges of food and nutritional security.

scholarly journals Consequences of Climate Change In Agriculture and Ways to Cope Up Its Effect In Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Nath Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
And Coping

Nepal is one of the four most vulnerable countries affected by climate change in the world. Climate change has been occurred in Terai, hills and mountain of Nepal resulting change in agriculture systems. Global food production of major staples crops of rice, maize, wheat and soybean, and marine resources are decreasing. Nepal is blessed with number of natural flora and fauna which could address negative impact of climate change resulting food and nutritional insecurity. Emphasis should be given to develop technologies address negative impact of climate change. Nepal has been trying to develop some adoptive ways such as development of climate resilient technology encompassing crop varieties, animal breeds; agronomic practices that could address vagaries of climate change and sustain food and nutritional security. In Nepal, the effect of climate change is more pronounced in hills and mountains with respect to increase in temperature than that of Terai. In this paper, bird’s eye views on issues of climate change, negative impact of climate change on food and nutritional security and coping mechanisms to tackle all of such concerns of climate change in agriculture in general and food and nutritional security in particular have been illustrated in ways climate change could be addressed to limit its negative consequences on agriculture as well.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, 2016, Page: 25-37

scholarly journals Potentials of Proteomics in Plant Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Okoli ◽  
M.J. Nworji ◽  
C. M. Okoronkwo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Applied Approach

The large-scale study of proteins is referred to as proteomics and is often regarded as an emerging technology when compared to genomics or transcriptomics, that is, as not having reached the same level of maturity. While the successful implementation of proteomics workflows and technology still requires significant levels of expertise and specialization, great strides have been made to make the technology more powerful, streamlined and accessible. Many outstanding improvements in the large scale study of proteins and many other but related improvements in plant biotechnology techniques offer various new ways to encourage the usage by plant breeders for crop improvement. A combinatorial approach of accelerated gene discovery through genomics, proteomics, and other important branches of biotechnology, as an applied approach, is proving to be an effective way to speed up the crop improvement programs of the world. This review present and discuss the potentials of protomics as an effective biotechnological tool for crop improvement programs, especially how it helps in the investigation of both biotic and abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in plants and this to a very large extent will lead to sustainable agriculture.

Impact of land and water management practices on root rot complex influencing lentil performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
J K YASIN ◽  
DEEPAK SINGH ◽  
ANUPAM KUMAR ◽  
A K DUBEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Land And Water Management ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Lentil plays a pivotal role in food and nutritional security of large scale Indian, which is still by and large vegetarian in food habit. Root rot complex of lentils are sever disease, with a potential to devastate entire crop. An invstigation was undertaken to study the dynamic of root rot in the rice - lentil – mungbean cropping systems, managed under conventional and zero tilled condition with 04 water regime based on IW:CPE, at ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India during 2016-17 to 2018-19. Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum were the fungus responsible for root rot incidence. Results reveled that if the disese incidence (%) is more 65% the yield penalty will be more than 80% as compare to the normal crop season. Root rot complex can damage more at advanced stage as compare to seedling or early grorth stages. Best way to manage root rot disease complex are adapting crop rotation, sowing resistance varieties along withprophylactic seed treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document