scholarly journals Effect of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzyme Application on the Microbial Attachment and Digestion of Barley Straw In vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. E. Ramirez-Bribiesca ◽  
L. J. Yanke ◽  
A. Tsang ◽  
T. A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Barley Straw ◽  
Enzyme Application ◽  
Microbial Attachment

The effect of ammonia treatment on the intake of straw and hay when offered with rations of concentrates to ewes in late pregnancy

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Orr ◽  
T. T. Treacher ◽  
V. C. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Forage Intake

ABSTRACTFinnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes were offered 300, 600 or 900 g fresh weight per day of concentrates and forage ad libitum from day 105 of pregnancy until lambing. Spring barley straw (S) or hay (H) was offered either untreated (U) or following treatment with anhydrous ammonia in an oven (T). Organic matter digestibilities (in vitro) were 0·42, 0·58, 0·42 and 0·60 and nitrogen contents were 7·2, 18·6, 12·0 and 25·0 g/kg dry matter for US, TS, UH and TH respectively. Forage intake did not differ between ewes carrying two or more foetuses but the small number of ewes carrying one foetus ate more straw (6·8 v. 4·5 g organic matter (OM) per kg live weight) than ewes carrying two or more foetuses. Ammonia treatment increased intake; the increase was larger on straw (4·6 v. 100 g OM per kg live weight) than on hay (9·0 v. 10·7 g OM per kg live weight). Replacement rates of forage by concentrates were -0·21, +0·06, -0·48 and +0·08 kg forage per kg concentrates for treatments US, TS, UH and TH respectively; only the value for treatment UH differed significantly from zero. On most treatments forage intake decreased as pregnancy progressed and the declines were greater when treated forages were offered. Concentrate level had a large effect on most aspects of ewe performance. Ewes offered treated forage gained slightly more weight in pregnancy (138 v. 104 g/day), had a slightly smaller decrease in body condition score (-0·54 v. -0·68) between day 105 and lambing but did not have greater lamb birth weights than ewes on untreated forage.

Effects of rainfall and temperature on the feeding value of barley straw in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. GOODCHILD
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
The Mediterranean

Annual variation in the feeding value of barley straw (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) is economically significant in the Mediterranean region. The relationship between the feeding value for sheep of several winter-planted barley cultivars and monthly meteorological data was analysed at Tel Hadya, northwest Syria (mean annual precipitation 330 mm) in 11 years. Indicators of feeding value included contents of neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and nitrogen (11 years), voluntary straw intake by sheep (10 years), voluntary digestible organic matter intake (9 years), in sacco dry matter loss and lignin content (8 years), in vitro digestibility (7 years) and in vitro gas production (6 years). Monthly meteorological data included total precipitation, mean minimum and mean maximum air temperatures.Conditions likely to decrease grain yield tended to increase the feeding value of straw. Low mean minimum temperature in February, low precipitation in January, February, March and April, and high mean maximum temperature in March, April and May increased one or more indicators of straw feeding value (by both bivariate and multiple regression, P<0·05). Precipitation before January affected grain and straw yield but had little effect on the feeding value of straw.Genotype × year interactions had a meteorological component; the superior feeding value of the straw of locally-adapted cultivars v. exotic cultivars was only seen in years with cool or wet springs. This has implications for the genetic selection of crops with better straw feeding value.Models based on monthly precipitation and temperature, calibrated for locations in the Mediterranean region, can predict the nutritive value of straw and aid the planning of rations for small ruminants.

Effects of amount offered on the intake and selection of barley straw by growing cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Velasquez ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
F. L. Mould
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractA 28-day experiment with 12 9-month-old cattle (275 kg initial weight, M1), used a 2 × 2 arrangement of treatments to compare the effect of doubling the ad-libitum quantity of long barley straw offered daily (25 or 50 g dry matter (DM) per kg M1) and sex/genotype (Limousin × Friesian steers or Friesian heifers) on intake and selection. All animals received a protein concentrate at 20 g DM per kg M10·75 per day. Prior to the experiment the cattle had grazed for 6 months and were given no pre-experimental change-over period. On day 1 animals were weighed (M1), allocated to treatment and penned individually. Animals were weighed on day 28 (M2). Doubling the amount offered did not affect straw intake (g DM per kg M3 per day; M3 = mean of M1 and M2) during days 22 to 28 (steers: 17·9, 17·2; heifers 14·3, 13·3; s.e. 0·50) but increased the proportion (g DM per kg DM offered) refused (steers: 258, 635; heifers: 412, 721; s.e. 22). During days 22 to 28, at each level of offer (25, 50), refused straw contained (g DM per kg DM) less leaf-plus-sheath than offered straw (25 g steers: 251, 430, s.e. 16·7; 50 g steers: 393, 450, s.e. 19·7; 25 g heifers: 304, 420, s.e. 7·2; 50 g heifers: 405, 446, s.e. 9·6). The sex/genotype effect on intake was attributed to differences in growth potential. Straw intakes increased significantly over the first 14 days, but there were no differences between days 15 to 21 and days 22 to 28. It is concluded that an excess-feeding strategy, involving a doubling of the ad libitum amount of barley straw offered did not result in growing cattle consuming more straw, in contrast to published results with sheep and goats. However, the cattle did show a limited ability to selectively consume leaf-plus-sheath in preference to stem but the improvement in diet digestible organic content (estimated in vitro) was presumably insufficient to stimulate intake.

scholarly journals 338 Effect of Calcium Oxide Treatment of Barley Straw on In Vitro & In Situ Digestibility.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K Stehr ◽  
L Santos ◽  
G Ribeiro ◽  
J McKinnon ◽  
D Gibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Barley Straw

Interactions between Treponema bryantii and cellulolytic bacteria in the in vitro degradation of straw cellulose

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kudo ◽  
K.-J. Cheng ◽  
J. W. Costerton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Acid Generation ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Treponema Bryantii

To assess the contribution of individual bacterial species to the overall process of cellulose digestion in the rumen, cellulolytic bacteria (Bacteroides succinogenes and Ruminococcus albus) were tested as pure cultures and as cocultures with noncellulolytic Treponema bryantii. In studies of in vitro barley straw digestion, Treponema cocultures surpassed pure cultures of the cellulolytic organisms in dry matter disappearance, volatile fatty acid generation, and in the production of succinic acid, lactic acid, and ethanol. Morphological examination, by electron microscopy, showed that cells of T. bryantii associate with the plant cell wall materials in straw, but that cellulose digestion occurs only when these organisms are present with cellulolytic species such as B. succinogenes. These results show that cellulolytic bacteria interact with noncellulolytic Treponema to promote the digestion of cellulosic materials.

Comparison of inocula from sheep and cattle for thein vitrogas production technique under tropical conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 151-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C.S. Bueno ◽  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
S.L.S. Cabral Filho ◽  
D.M.S.S. Vitti ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Microbial Mass

The use of small ruminants, such as sheep, in metabolism studies is more convenient as handling problems are reduced and their maintenance costs are lower, in comparison with cattle. However in vivo digestibility estimates obtained at maintenance are known to differ between these two species. With the increased use ofin vitrogas production techniques, to evaluate ruminant feedingstuffs, it is of great importance to identify whether the species from which the rumen fluid inoculum is obtained has a significant influence on the results obtained.Rumen fluid samples were obtained from a non-lactating Holstein cow (C) and six wether sheep (S) offered the same diet (80 % tropical grass and 20 % dairy concentrate) and prepared so as to have similar dry matter (DM) contents and therefore potentially the microbial mass. Nine substrates (two tropical grasses 1-2, tropical alfalfa 3, barley straw 4, and five temperate grasses 5-9) were examined.

Impact of feed supplements on in vitro degradability of barley straw and grass nuts

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 169-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Chaudhry ◽  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
C.J. Lister
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cattle Health

Grass is the main energy feed for cattle but it declines in digestibility and intake during the summer months and loses about 20% nutrients during ensiling and feeding in winter. Grass is also low in minerals and this has implications for cattle health and performance. It is thus essential to use supplements to boost digestibility and intake of grass and subsequently the performance of cattle. This study compared the effect of two supplements which are marketed as molasses based feed blocks (Booster with 12% crude protein or CP and HIPRO with 28%: CRYSTALYX) on the in vitro dry matter (DM) degradation of barley straw (Straw) and grass nuts (Grass). These blocks contained same energy (13MJ ME/kg DM) but different amounts of sugars (33-35%), oil (6-8%) and minerals (20 to 28%) and thus were considered appropriate for use as feed supplements to compensate for the deficits of nutrients that the cattle can face when consuming grass or straw. These forages represent a range of forage quality that can be found in the UK.

Effect of type and inclusion level of cold-pressed oilseed cakes on in vitro rumen fermentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Benhissi ◽  
A. García-Rodríguez ◽  
I. Beltrán de Heredia
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
High Fat ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Cold Pressed ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The current study was conducted to explore the impact of inclusion of different types and levels of cold-pressed oilseed cakes on in vitro rumen fermentation and gas production parameters. Two batch fermentation trials (24 and 96 h) were conducted using the in vitro gas production technique. In each trial, three types of lipid sources [palm fat (PF), cold-pressed rapeseed cake (CPRC) and cold-pressed sunflower cake (CPSC)] × two levels of total fat (30 and 60 g/kg DM) were evaluated. Incubated substrates were made from iso-energetic and isoproteic basal mixtures of barley straw and concentrate (ratio 10 : 90). During the 24-h incubation trial, samples were collected 24 h post-incubation to measure volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane production. The 96-h incubation was used to assess the rate and extent of in vitro gas production. CPSC showed lower total VFA (P < 0.001) and methane (P < 0.001) production, compared with PF and CPRC. High fat level decreased total VFA (P < 0.001) and methane (P < 0.001) production compared with low level of inclusion. Molar proportions of individual VFA and acetate to propionate ratio were not affected by lipid supplementation. CPSC reduced (P = 0.006) asymptotic gas production at high fat level, compared with PF and CPRC. Neither supplementation level nor type of lipid affected the fractional gas production rate or lag time. In conclusion, there was no difference in ruminal fermentation when either CPRC or PF were added but CPSC altered microbial fermentation in vitro at a total fat level of 60 g/kg DM.

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