scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy on the Body Weight, Muscle Fiber Number, Carcass Traits, and Pork Quality Traits of Offspring

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 965-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Choe ◽  
Y. M. Choi ◽  
Y. C. Ryu ◽  
S. H. Lee ◽  
B. C. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Muscle Fiber Number

scholarly journals Composition of the human foetus

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad V. Apte ◽  
Leela Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

1. The body composition was determined of forty-one fetuses of different gestational ages born to mothers belonging to a low socio-economic group of the population.2. With increasing gestational age the water content fell from 88% at 28 weeks to 76% at term; the fat content increased from 2.1% to 11.2% and the protein content increased from 6.9 to 9.3%.3. The changes in body composition were more closely related to body-weight than to gestational age.4. The calcium, Phosphorus and magnesium contents of the body per unit fat-free weight progressively increased with gestational age, and at term the values appeared to be considerably lower than those reported in the literature. The Ca:P ratio was constant at different body-weights.5. The body iron content per unit of fat-free weight increased marginally with increasing gestational age. The value was almost 30% lower than the values reported from elsewhere.6. It is suggested that chemical composition and nutrient stores of the developing foetus can be considerably influenced by the state of maternal nutrition.

Estimation of skeletal muscle fiber number by mean fiber dry weight

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
B. F. Timson ◽  
G. A. Dudenhoeffer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Anterior Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Nitric Acid Digestion ◽  
Muscle Fiber Number

The purpose of this study was to determine whether skeletal muscle fiber number could be accurately estimated by the determination of mean fiber dry weight (MFD) and total muscle dry weight. The muscles studied were the soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior, and biceps brachii of the rat, the anterior latissimus dorsi of the chicken, and the flexor carpi radialis of the cat. Bundles of fibers were carefully separated from the muscle following nitric acid digestion (ND) and placed in groups of similar length. MFD determined from 400 to 800 fibers from each group was used to estimate the number of fibers in the remainder of the group. Estimated fiber number was compared with the fiber number determined in the muscle from the contralateral limb by the ND method. No difference in fiber number was observed between the ND method and the MFD estimation method for any of the muscles used in the study. The results indicate that the MFD estimation method is an accurate and relatively rapid method of fiber number determination in skeletal muscle.

Effect of microbial proteases on the performance and carcass traits in commercial broilers fed maize-soy bean meal -meat cum bone meal based diets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Srilatha ◽  
V. Ravinder Reddy ◽  
V. Chinni Preetam ◽  
S. V. Rama Rao ◽  
Y. Ramana Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alkaline Proteases ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Low Protein

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effective combinations of proteases (acid, neutral and alkaline) and their concentrations on performance and carcass traits in commercial broilers fed on diets containing sub-optimal protein levels. A total of 320 broilers were used in completely randomized design with eight treatments with eight replicates in each treatment and 5chicks in each replicate. Maize-soybean meal (CD) and maize-soybean-meat cum bone meal (BD) based diets were formulated to contain 23, 21 and 19.5% crude protein (CP) and 19.5,18 and 17.5% CP, respectively during pre-starter (1-11 d), starter (12-28d) and finisher (29-42d) phases. All the diets were fed adlibitum from 1d to 42 d of age. The low protein BD were supplemented with two different combinations of proteases (1:1:1 and 2:1:1 acidic, neutral and alkaline proteases, respectively) with total activity of 2000, 4000 and 6000u/kg.The results revealed that the broilers fed CD had significantly higher body weight gain compared to those fed BD. Supplementation of proteases to the BD significantly (P LESS THAN 0.05) improved the body weight gain and feed efficiency during 21 d of age, but not during the latter phase ( 42 d of age) of growth. The broilers fed on CD had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher ready to cook and breast yields compared to those fed the BD or BD with protease supplementation. The relative weight of abdominal fat was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced in broilers fed BD with 1:1:1 (acidic, neutral and alkaline proteases) at 4000 u protease / kg diet as compared to BD. It is suggested that addition of proteases to low protein diets had a significant positive effect in young chicken fed on maize-soybean meal and -meat and bone meal based diets.

scholarly journals Genetic and genomic analyses of musculoskeletal differences between BEH and BEL strains

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (20) ◽  
pp. 940-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arimantas Lionikas ◽  
Audrius Kilikevicius ◽  
Lutz Bünger ◽  
Caroline Meharg ◽  
Andrew M. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Causative Gene ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Muscle Fiber Number

Berlin high (BEH) and Berlin low (BEL) strains selected for divergent growth differ threefold in body weight. We aimed at examining muscle mass, which is a major contributor to body weight, by exploring morphological characteristics of the soleus muscle (fiber number and cross sectional area; CSA), by analyzing the transcriptome of the gastrocnemius and by initiating quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. BEH muscles were four to eight times larger than those of BEL. In substrain BEH+/+, mutant myostatin was replaced with a wild-type allele; however, BEH+/+muscles still were two to four times larger compared with BEL. BEH soleus muscle fibers were two times more numerous ( P < 0.0001) and CSA was two times larger ( P < 0.0001) compared with BEL. In addition, soleus femoral attachment anomaly (SFAA) was observed in all BEL mice. One significant (Chr 1) and four suggestive (Chr 3, 4, 6, and 9) muscle weight QTLs were mapped in a 21-day-old F2 intercross ( n = 296) between BEH and BEL strains. The frequency of SFAA incidence in the F2 and in the backcross to BEL strain (BCL) suggested the presence of more than one causative gene. Two suggestive SFAA QTLs were mapped in BCL; however, their peak markers were not associated with the phenotype in F2. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 2,148 differentially expressed ( P < 0.1) genes and 45,673 single nucleotide polymorphisms and >2,000 indels between BEH+/+ and BEL males. In conclusion, contrasting muscle traits and genomic and gene expression differences between BEH and BEL strains provide a promising model for the search for genes involved in muscle growth and musculoskeletal morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms in Biopsied Longissimus Thoracis Muscle for Estimation of Meat Quality Traits in Live Pigs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Min Young Park ◽  
Youn-Chul Ryu ◽  
Chung-Nam Kim ◽  
Kyung-Bo Ko ◽  
Jun-Mo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Muscle Fiber Number

Estimating meat quality prior to slaughter will be beneficial for the rapid identification of specific traits or poor quality pork compared to a conventional assessment at postmortem. In this study, we identified and quantified myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms from a biopsied longissimus thoracis muscle of pigs, and determined their correlation with postmortem muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality. MHC slow and fast isoforms proportions from biopsied samples correlated with postmortem percentage of type I and type IIB muscle fibers, respectively (p < 0.05). The percentage of the biopsied MHC slow isoform showed a positive correlation with pH at 45 min postmortem, and negative correlations with filter-paper fluid uptake and drip loss in pork (p < 0.05). Furthermore, clustering the pigs into three groups based on the biopsied MHC isoform proportions was not only significantly associated with muscle fiber number and proportions of muscle fiber area, but also correlated with pH at 45 min postmortem and the National Pork Producers Council color score (p < 0.05). Collectively, our findings indicate that the biopsied MHC isoforms serve as parameter for estimating meat quality, with the association between the higher proportion of MHC slow isoforms and pH at 45 min postmortem in particular being indicative of better pork quality.

scholarly journals Endocrine regulation of fetal skeletal muscle growth: impact on future metabolic health

2014 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. R13-R29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D Brown
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Growth ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Muscle Fiber Number

Establishing sufficient skeletal muscle mass is essential for lifelong metabolic health. The intrauterine environment is a major determinant of the muscle mass that is present during the life course of an individual, because muscle fiber number is set at the time of birth. Thus, a compromised intrauterine environment from maternal nutrient restriction or placental insufficiency that restricts muscle fiber number can have permanent effects on the amount of muscle an individual will live with. Reduced muscle mass due to fewer muscle fibers persists even after compensatory or ‘catch-up’ postnatal growth occurs. Furthermore, muscle hypertrophy can only partially compensate for this limitation in fiber number. Compelling associations link low birth weight and decreased muscle mass to future insulin resistance, which can drive the development of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and the risk of cardiovascular events later in life. There are gaps in knowledge about the origins of reduced muscle growth at the cellular level and how these patterns are set during fetal development. By understanding the nutrient and endocrine regulation of fetal skeletal muscle growth and development, we can direct research efforts toward improving muscle growth early in life to prevent the development of chronic metabolic diseases later in life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document