scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Energy Concentration and Lysine on the Digestible Energy Ratio for Apparent Amino Acid Digestibility in Finishing Barrows

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Cho ◽  
H. J. Lee ◽  
I. B. Chung ◽  
H. F. Long ◽  
J. S. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy

The effect of dietary energy concentration and lysine/digestible energy ratio on growth performance and nitrogen deposition of young hybrid pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Van Lunen ◽  
D. J. A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary lysine/digestible energy (DE) ratio (g/MJ) and dietary energy concentration on growth performance and body composition of young hybrid gilts from 9·1 to 25·4 kg live weight. Seven pigs were assigned to each of 10 dietary treatments consisting of lysine/DE ratios from 0·6 to 1·4 in 0·2 g/MJ increments and two DE concentrations (14·25 and 16·40 MJ/kg). Food was provided ad libitum and at 25·4 kg all pigs were slaughtered and body composition was determined. Responses to lysine/DE ratios were different for each DE concentration. The pigs given the 16·40 MJ/kg DE diets had a higher daily live-weight gain (DLWG) and nitrogen deposition rate (NDR) than those given the 14·25 MJ/kg diets up to the 1·2 g/MJ lysine/DE ratio. Beyond this point no DE effects were evident. Lipid deposition rate (LDR) was higher for all 16·40 MJ/kg diets as compared with the 14·25 MJ/kg diets and decreased with increasing lysine/DE ratio. The 14·25 MJ/kg diets resulted in increasing efficiency of nitrogen and gross energy utilization with increasing lysinel DE ratio up to the 1·0 g/MJ ratio after which it declined. Efficiency of lipid utilization decreased with increasing lysine/DE ratio for all 14·25 MJ/kg diets. The 16·40 MJ/kg diets resulted in a decrease in nitrogen and gross energy utilization efficiency with increasing lysine/DE ratio while lipid efficiency decreased up to the 1·0 g/MJ lysine/DE ratio after which it increased. Young hybrid pigs given high energy diets appear to be less sensitive to dietary lysine/DE ratio than those given lower energy diets. The optimum lysine/DE ratio for the genotype tested from 9 to 25 kg live weight was of the order of 1·2 g/MJ for both DE concentrations. The maximum DLWG and NDR of the genotype tested over the live-weight range of 9 to 25 kg appears to be of the order of 620 and 17 g/day (106 g/day protein deposition rate) respectively.

The effect of dietary energy concentration and total lysine/digestible energy ratio on the growth performance of weaned pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Oresanya ◽  
A. D. Beaulieu ◽  
E. Beltranena ◽  
J. F. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Amino acids should be defined in relation to dietary energy concentration in diets for young pigs. However, the literature contains diverse estimates of the optimum lysine:digestible energy (DE) ratio for weanling pigs performing at levels commonly observed in commercial practice. Further, there is a poor understanding of the reponse of the weanling pig to dietary energy concentration. A growth experiment was conducted to define the optimum total lysine:DE ratio for pigs from 4 to 8 wk of age. Dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 × 5 factorial: low (LDE, 3.4 Mcal kg-1) or high DE (HDE, 3.6 Mcal kg-1) and the following total lysine:DE ratios: 3.7, 4.0, 4.3, 4.6, or 4.9 g Mcal-1). The experiment ran for 28 d, beginning 7 d post-weaning, using four pigs per pen and six pens per diet for a total of 240 pigs (27 ± 2 d; 7.5 ± 1.1 kg). No DE × lysine:DE ratio interactions were detected for any performance parameter (P > 0.05). The average daily feed intake (ADFI) was 4% greater with pigs on LDE than HDE diets (DE,P < 0.05), but was not affected by lysine:DE ratio (P > 0.05). Conversely, DE did not affect average daily gain (ADG) (P > 0.05), but increased quadratically (day 0 to 14; P < 0.05) and (day 0 to 28; P < 0.10) with increasing lysine:DE ratio. Feed efficiency increased linearly with increasing lysine:DE ratio (P < 0.05) and was 4% greater with the HDE than LDE diets (P < 0.05). The optimum total lysine:DE ratio for ADG was determined to be 4.46 and 4.27 g Mcal-1 for pigs between 7.5 to 13 kg and 7.5 to 22.5 kg BW, respectively. Key words: Pig, total lysine, digestible energy, growth

The effect of dietary energy level and protein: energy ratio on nitrogen and energy balance, performance and carcass composition of pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
I. G. Partridge ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Dietary Treatments

ABSTRACTFour diets were formulated from cereals, animal and vegetable protein supplements and tallow, to contain digestible energy (DE) concentrations of 14·1 or 17·1 MJ/kg and crude protein concentrations of 12·7 or 17·0 g/MJ DE in a 2 X 2 factorial design. In each of two experiments, pigs were weaned and allocated to dietary treatments when 21 days old and were fed twice daily to appetite. In experiment 1, six replicates of four male littermates were used. They were individually fed in metabolism cages and continuous energy and nitrogen (N) balances were made from 28 to 63 days of age. In experiment 2, three male and three female pigs were slaughtered at weaning to determine initial body composition, and three replicates of four littermates of each sex were allocated to the dietary treatments. The latter were fed in treatment groups in flat-deck pens and slaughtered at 63 days of age.In experiment 1, increased energy concentration reduced food intake only slightly and improved liveweight gain and food: gain ratio; higher protein concentration increased gains only at lower energy concentration. Daily N balance improved with increased energy and protein concentration but the response to protein was greater with the low energy diet. Dietary energy was efficiently utilized even with 163 g tallow per kg diet. From 63 days of age until slaughter at 60 kg all pigs were given the same grower diet to appetite. Performance was not affected by previous treatments.In experiment 2, food intakes were higher than in experiment 1 and tended to be reduced to a greater extent with the higher energy concentration; live-weight gains were similar for all treatments and food: gain ratio tended to improve in response to higher energy and protein concentrations. Dietary energy level had no effect on carcass fat content but the higher protein level reduced fat deposition. N retention tended to be lower for the low energy, low protein diet compared with the other three diets. Dietary effects on the amino-acid composition of the carcass were small. Carcass amino-acid ratios at 3 and 9 weeks were similar to published values and there was a tendency for higher amino-acid concentrations (g/16 g N) at 9 weeks than at 3 weeks.

A note on the effects of the ratio of protein to digestible energy and digestible energy concentration in the diet on performance and nitrogen metabolism of piglets weaned at 21 days of age

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Newport ◽  
H. D. Keal
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Improved Performance

ABSTRACTPiglets were weaned at 21 days of age, and given diets containing 13·5 or 17·0g crude protein per MJ digestible energy and either 14·7 or 16·8 MJ digestible energy per kg in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment until 56 days of age. There was no effect on performance or food intake when the diets were offered ad libitum, but energy intake was increased with the higher concentration of dietary energy. The higher levels of both protein and energy improved performance in a metabolism experiment with food intake restricted to 0·80 ofad libitumintake, and the higher protein level increased nitrogen retention (g/day per kg live weight) and plasma urea nitrogen. These results suggest that the level of food intake can affect the response to changes in dietary energy and protein concentrations, and indicate that conclusions from metabolism experiments using restricted feeding may be inappropriate under other conditions.

AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIETARY PARAMETERS AND RUMEN SOLID TURNOVER RATE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESSI EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Two Parameters

Data were compiled from published sources in order to relate the effects of level of feed intake, dietary energy concentration, energy intake level and dietary roughage level on the rate of turnover of solid material in the rumen for both sheep and cattle. Regression analyses were used to quantify the effects of dietary parameters and combinations of these parameters on rumen solid turnover rates. Significant simple regression relationships were established between feed intake and solid turnover rates with both sheep (r = 0.479) and cattle (r = 0.281). Solid turnover rates were negatively related to dietary digestible energy concentrations based upon data from sheep (r = −0.468), but no relationship (P > 0.05) between the two parameters was found for cattle. Solid turnover rates were increased (P < 0.05) with elevations in digestible energy intakes and with elevations in the percentage of dietary forage with sheep. From multiple regression analyses, it was learned that elevations in the energy density in the diet depressed solid turnover rates in both ruminant species.

scholarly journals 353 Starch to fat ratio in piglet nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 124-125
Author(s):  
Tolulope O Adebowale ◽  
Kang Yao ◽  
Yulong Yin
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Abstract Dietary high energy density (HED) and the energy compositions, especially the fat and starch composition could have a variable effect on performance, intestinal health and the profitability of piglet production. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary energy densities and digestible energy ratio of starch to fat on intestinal functions and growth performance of growing pigs. A total of 48 healthy weaners (9.60 ± 0.13 kg) were allocated to two dietary energy densities (14.21 and 15.91MJ/kg) and two digestible energy ratio: high starch: low fat, HSLF (9:1) or low starch: high fat ratio, LSHF (1:3) in a factorial arrangement. It was found that dietary LSHF ratio induced diarrhea in the weaner pigs (P &lt; 0.001). The feed intake of weaners was increased by HED (P &lt; 0.05), however, this did not result in improved body weight gain (P &gt; 0.05). The HED reduced (P = 0.017) energy digestibility, while digestible energy ratio reduced crude protein digestibility and amino acid utilization in the weaners. Fat and dry matter digestibility were not significantly affected (P &gt; 0.05). Dietary LSHF ratio increased intestinal villus height/crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum (P &lt; 0.05). The lymphocyte count was increased by HSLF energy ratio. The highest high-density lipoprotein concentration was exhibited in weaners fed dietary LSHF energy ratio (P &lt; 0.01) and dietary HSLF ratio increased the duodenal sucrase and lactase activities (P &lt; 0.01). The dietary LSHF ratio showed an increased tendency to increase fecal ammonia concentration, but dramatically decreased fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations (P &lt; 0.01). The HED seems to induced oxidative stress (P &lt; 0.01). The study suggests that dietary high fat, but not dietary starch or HED could decrease the intestinal health of weaner pigs.

AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIETARY PARAMETERS AND RUMEN LIQUID TURNOVER RATE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESSI EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Ration Composition

Data were accumulated from published sources and were combined in order to estimate the effects of level of feed intake, dietary energy concentration, energy intake level and dietary forage percentage on rumen liquid turnover rates in sheep and cattle. The effects of the dietary parameters on liquid turnover rates were estimated by regression analysis, where all possible combinations of independent variables were considered. It was found that rumen liquid turnover rates increased (P < 0.05) as feed intake increased with both sheep (r = 0.610) and cattle (r = 0.715). From multiple regression analyses it was learned that the inclusion of independent variables that were related to the physical composition of the diet along with variables for intake improved the estimation of liquid turnover rates, although the independent variable related to ration composition differed between sheep and cattle. With data from sheep experiments, elevations in the digestible energy content of the diet depressed (P < 0.05) liquid turnover rate. Based upon data from cattle, decreases in the forage portion of the diet had a similar depressing (P < 0.05) effect.

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