scholarly journals Nutrient Intake, Its Utilization, Rumen Fermentation Pattern and Blood Bio-Chemical Constituents of Sheep Fed Urea Treated Mustard (Brassica campestris) Straw

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1674-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Misra ◽  
S. A. Karim ◽  
D. L. Verma ◽  
A. S. Mishra ◽  
M. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Pattern

scholarly journals Nutrient intake, rumen fermentation and growth performance of dairy calves fed extruded full-fat soybean as a replacement for soybean meal

animal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZeidAli-Nejad ◽  
G.R. Ghorbani ◽  
S. Kargar ◽  
A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi ◽  
A. Pezeshki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dairy Calves

scholarly journals The influence of slowly and rapidly degradable concentrate protein on nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation pattern and blood parameters in dairy cattle.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A.G. Veen ◽  
J. Veling ◽  
Y.T. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Degradable Protein

In a crossover trial, 4 cows were given concentrates containing rapidly and slowly degradable protein in combination with prewilted grass silage. Diets were given in 2 equal daily portions according to DCP and net energy requirements. The trial consisted of 3 main periods of 3 weeks each, with faeces, urine and milk collected and measured during the final week. On 1 day during this week samples of rumen fluid were taken and on 2 days blood samples were taken, directly before the morning feed and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 h later. N digestibity and N retention were the same on both rations. A concentrate with slowly-degradable protein resulted in a significantly higher rumen pH and acetate:propionate ratio. Ammonia concn. tended to be lower. Slowly-degradable concentrate protein led to a significantly higher concn. of urea and a lower concn. of insulin in blood. The concn. of several of the essential amino acids, and of the glucogenic amino acids and glycine was significantly lower. There were no significant effects of type of protein on milk yield or milk composition, but there was a tendency for these parameters to increase with ration containing slowly-degradable protein. Results suggest the ration containing slowly-degradable concentrate protein produced a more even rumen fermentation, which promoted a higher acetate:propionate ration in the rumen. On this ration there was a tendency for more gluconeogenesis from amino acids to occur. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

An initial investigation on rumen fermentation pattern and methane emission of sheep offered diets containing urea or nitrate as the nitrogen source

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Li ◽  
J. Davis ◽  
J. Nolan ◽  
R. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Fermentation Pattern

The effects of dietary nitrate and of urea on rumen fermentation pattern and enteric methane production were investigated using 4-month-old ewe lambs. Ten lambs were allocated into two groups (n = 5) and each group was offered one of two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing either 1.5% urea (T1) or 3% calcium nitrate (T2). Methane production was estimated using open-circuit respiration chambers after 6 weeks of feeding. No difference in nitrogen (N) balance, apparent digestibility of N or microbial N outflow existed between treatments (P > 0.05). Animals offered the T2 diet lost less energy through methane than did those fed the T1 diet (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration, molar proportion of propionate, and the molar ratio of acetate to propionate in rumen fluid were not affected by dietary N source. Compared with urea inclusion, nitrate inclusion caused a significantly higher acetate and lower butyrate percentage in rumen volatile fatty acid. Nitrate supplementation tended to lower methane production by ~7.7 L/day relative to urea supplementation (P = 0.06). Methane yield (L/kg DM intake) was reduced (P < 0.05) by 35.4% when 1.5% urea was replaced by 3% calcium nitrate in the diet. Emission intensity (L methane/kg liveweight gain) was ~17.3% lower in the nitrate-supplemented sheep when compared with urea-fed sheep; however, the reduction was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). This study confirms that the presence of nitrate in the diet inhibits enteric methane production. As no clinical symptoms of nitrite toxicity were observed and sheep receiving nitrate-supplemented diet had similar growth to those consuming urea-supplemented diet, it is concluded that 3% calcium nitrate can replace 1.5% urea as a means of meeting ruminal N requirements and of reducing enteric methane emissions from sheep, provided animals are acclimated to nitrate gradually.

The response of cattle on a sorghum-based feedlot diet to monensin supplied either via intraruminal capsules or in the feed

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (106) ◽  
pp. 522 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Tudor ◽  
RH Laby ◽  
DW Utting
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
C 50

A feedlot experiment with Hereford steers of initial liveweight of 249 � SE 3.0 kg was done to investigate the production responses to the addition of monensin either in the feed (30 ppm) or in intraruminal controlled-release capsules (CRC). The ration was 90% concentrate (94.3% sorghum, 3% tallow, 2.7% minerals), 10% cotton seed hulls with the following treatments: (A) control, (B) 30 ppm monensin in feed, (C) 50 mg monensin day-1 CRC, (D) 100 mg day-1 CRC, (E) 200 mg day-1 CRC, and (F) 300 mg day-1 CRC. The dry matter intakes and growth rates of the six groups (A to F) were 7.57 and 1.32; 6.56 and 1 .I 3; 7.60 and 1.35; 7.08 and 1.24; 7.39 and 1.35; and 7.05 and 1.23 kg day-1, respectively, with the dry matter intakes for monensin in feed (B) being lower (P < 0.05) than the remaining treatments, and for the same treatment the growth rates were lower (P < 0.05) than treatments A, C and E. The apparent feed conversion ratios (DMI kg-I LW gain) were 5.75, 5.92, 5.78, 5.86, 5.61 and 5.79, respectively, and did not differ (P > 0.05). Generally, the addition of monensin had no effect on carcase characteristics or on liver abscesses. It was concluded that the addition of tallow to the diet may have altered the rumen fermentation pattern sufficiently to prevent further benefit from the addition of monensin.

scholarly journals Milk fatty acid composition in Holstein x Gyr dairy cows fed chopped elephantgrass-based diets containing two types of sunflower oil associated with two methods of concentrate feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2759-2778
Author(s):  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
◽  
Carlos Gustavo Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Norberto Mario Rodriguez ◽  
Marco Antônio Sundfeld da Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
High Oleic

wo experiments were carried out in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with the objective of evaluating two methods of concentrate feeding for Holstein x Gyr cows fed 600 g kg-1 chopped elephantgrass-based diets supplemented at 45 g kg-1 DM with two types of sunflower oil (SO). The types of SO differed in the levels of oleic and linoleic fatty acids (FAs): high oleic/low linoleic acid – HO (73 and 10 g 100 g-1 FA, respectively) and medium oleic/medium linoleic acid – MO (43 and 34 g 100 g-1 FA, respectively). The concentrates containing HO SO or MO SO were supplied separately from the forage twice a day after the two milkings (TAD) or as part of a total mixed ration (TMR). In Experiment 1, a 4 x 4 Latin square design was used to evaluate the ruminal fermentation and degradation parameters in four rumen-cannulated cows (430±39 kg; 79±20 days in milk; 16.4±3.1 kg day-1 of milk). In Experiment 2, a randomized block design was used to evaluate the nutrient intake, plasma contents of metabolites and FAs, milk yield and composition, and FA profile of milk fat in 32 cows (444±84 kg; 75±31 days in milk; 15.4±4.8 kg day-1 of milk). The results were analyzed by mixed models (P ? 0.05). The TMR diets promoted higher nutrient intake and rumen fermentation (higher ammonia N, acetate, propionate and total volatile FA contents) without affecting milk, fat, protein and lactose yields. TAD-fed cows presented higher feed efficiency and produced milk fat with a more nutritionally desirable FA composition, with higher vaccenic and rumenic acid contents and lower trans-10 C18:1 and palmitic acid contents. The DM intake, parameters of rumen fermentation and milk, fat, protein and lactose yields were similar for the HO SO and MO SO diets. The most nutritionally positive characteristics for human health in the milk fat of HO SO-fed cows were the higher eicosapentaenoic (+34%) and oleic acid (+11%) contents and lower palmitic acid content (-10%). Higher contents of vaccenic (+71%) and rumenic (+74%) acids and lower trans-10 C18:1 (-10%), elaidic (-32%), lauric (-14%) and myristic (-11%) acid contents were the most positive aspects of the milk fat of MO SO-fed cows. Considering the magnitudes of the differences in the levels of these FAs, it is concluded that the milk fat of cows fed MO SO showed a healthier milk FA profile.

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