scholarly journals Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium Supplementation in Sheep Fed With Ammonia Treated Rice Straw: Effects on Intake, Digestibility, Microbial Protein Yield and Live-Weight Changes

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1659-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Orden ◽  
S. A. Abdulrazak ◽  
E. M. Cruz ◽  
M. E. M. Orden ◽  
T. Ichinohe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Weight Changes

The effects of supplementation with Gliricidia sepium or Leucaena leucocephala forage on intake, digestion and live-weight gains of Bos taurus × Bos indicus steers offered napier grass

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Abdulrazak ◽  
R. W. Muinga ◽  
W. Thorpe ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen

AbstractTwo experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of incremental levels of Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) and Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) on forage intake, diet apparent digestibility, microbial nitrogen supply and live-weight changes in cattle. In each experiment, 20 intact and five fistulated crossbred steers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) were used. Napier grass basal diet was offered ad libitum alone or supplemented with 7·5, 15, 22·5, or 30 g dry matter (DM) per kg metabolic body weight (M075) gliricidia (experiment 1) or leucaena (experiment 2). In experiment 1, total DM intake increased but not significantly with gliricidia supplementation (5·2, 5·1, 5·2, 5·4, 5·7 (s.e.d. 0·21) kg/day) while intake of napier grass was depressed linearly (5·2, 4·7, 4·5, 4·3, 4·2 (s.e.d. 0·21) kg/day; P < 0·05). In experiment 2, supplementation with leucaena increased the total DM intake linearly without depressing the intake of napier grass (5·2, 5·8, 6·2, 6·6, 6·7 (s.e.d. 0·31) kg/day; P < 0001 and 5·2, 5·3, 5·3, 5·3, 5·0 (s.e.d. 0·21) kg/day respectively). Neither gliricidia nor leucaena supplementation affected the apparent digestibility of the diet or in sacco DM degradation characteristics of the forages. Rumen ammonia and live-weight gain were increased linearly (P < 0·05) by supplementation from 130 to 215mg/l (experiment 1) and 75 to 113mg/l (experiment 2), from 306 to 478 g/day (experiment 1) and from 538 to 850 g/day (experiment 2), respectively. However, since the responses were linear, further experiments are required to quantify the responses to higher levels of these legume supplements.

scholarly journals Diet selection and live-weight changes of two breeds of goats grazing on heathlands

animal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Osoro ◽  
U. García ◽  
B.M. Jáuregui ◽  
L.M.M. Ferreira ◽  
A.J. Rook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Weight Changes

Effects of organic matter and time of incorporation on root development of tropical maize seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
U. Sangakkara ◽  
S. Nissanka ◽  
P. Stamp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
The Impact

Smallholders in the tropics add different organic materials to their crops at different times, based on the availability of materials and labour. However, the time of application could have an effect on the establishment and early growth of crops, especially their root systems, which has not yet been clearly identified. This paper presents the results of a study conducted under greenhouse conditions using soils from a field treated with three organic materials at 4 or 2 weeks before or at the planting of maize seeds, corresponding to the times that tropical smallholders apply these materials. The organic materials used were leaves of Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia or rice straw, incorporated at a rate equivalent to 6 Mt ha −1 . A control treatment where no organic matter was added was used for comparison. The impact of the treatments on soil properties at the planting of maize seed and detailed root analysis based on root lengths were carried out until the last growth stage (V4). The addition of organic matter improved the soil characteristics, and the impact of adding Gliricidia leaves was most pronounced when incorporated 2 weeks before planting. The benefits of leaves of Tithonia or rice straw on soil quality parameters were clearly evident when added 4 weeks before planting. Organic matter enhanced the root number, root length, root growth rate and branching indices. All the organic materials suppressed the growth of maize roots when applied at planting, suggesting the existence of allelopathic effects, which could result in poor growth. The most benefits in terms of root growth were observed with Tithonia .

scholarly journals Effects of dietary Kleinhovia hospita and Leucaena leucocephala leaves on rumen fermentation and microbial population in goats fed treated rice straw

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1749-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muideen Adewale Ahmed ◽  
Kazeem Dauda Adeyemi ◽  
Mohamed Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
Shokri Jusoh ◽  
Abdul Razak Alimon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Rumen Fermentation

Effects of nutrition in late pregnancy on subsequent milk production in Ewes

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARY1. Scottish Half-bred ewes carrying twin foetuses were fed individually to make live-weight gains in the last six weeks of pregnancy of (1) 20%, (2) 10% and (3) 0% of their live weight in week 14 of pregnancy. In lactation the ewes were fed ad libitum. The lambs were removed 12 to 16 hr after parturition and the ewes were machine-milked twice daily for the first six weeks of lactation.2. Total birth weights per ewe of twin lambs from the treatments were (1) 10·10 kg, (2) 9·44 kg and (3) 8·18 kg and differed significantly.3. The level and pattern of voluntary intake in lactation did not differ significantly between the treatments. Total dry-matter intakes in the six weeks of lactation were (1) 121·9 kg (2) 105·9 kg and (3) 109·5 kg.4. The pregnancy treatments affected the level of milk production and the shape of lactation curves. The total yields in the first six weeks of lactation were (1) 58·8 kg, (2) 43·5 kg and (3) 26·9 kg. Higher contents of fat and protein and the lower content of lactose in the milk from treatment-3 ewes on days 1 and 3 of lactation indicated a slower onset of lactation in these ewes. Between days 7 and 35 of lactation the contents of fat and SNF were lowest on treatment 3 but the differences were not significant.5. The live-weight changes in lactation, which were in inverse order to the gains in late pregnancy, were (1) 3·4 kg, (2) 5·5 kg and (3) 9·5 kg.

Rumen microbial protein supply to sheep given diets containing either urea or casein as the main N source

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
C. X. Gu ◽  
W. X. Zhang ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
N Source ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
N Requirement

The ability of rumen microbes to synthesize protein from ammonia-N enables the use of non-protein-N as a N source in ruminant diets. The strategy for feed formulation therefore would be to meet the microbial N requirement with a cheap N source (such as urea) and to increase the proportion of dietary protein for use directly by the host animal. There has been some indication that the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis could be higher if protein N is provided (Stock, Klopfenstein, Brink, Britton and Harmon, 1986). The objective of this experiment was to compare the use of urea and casein as a source of rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) for the production of microbial protein in sheep.Five male Blackface x Suffolk lambs (33-42 kg live weight) fitted with rumen cannula were used. The animals were fed a restricted amount (721 g DM/day) of a low-N basal diet with or without supplementation with either urea or casein.

A preliminary study of protein requirements of African cattle

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Subsequent Improvement

1. A preliminary study of the protein requirements of young steers of two breeds of African cattle has been described. These requirements were assessed by studying body weight changes of groups of animals fed for 140 days on rations varying in protein content.2. There were only small differences between the breeds in their voluntary food intake while appetite seemed to be linearly related to protein content.3. The two breeds were equally efficient in food and protein utilization.4. Live-weight gain improved significantly as the protein content of the ration increased from 6 to 10%, but a further increase to 14% produced only a small subsequent improvement in growth.5. Maintenance of weight was estimated to occur at a digestible protein intake of only 48% of that recommended by Brody (1945), while the required digestible protein for one pound daily gain was in agreement with the National Research Council (1950) standard.

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