scholarly journals The effects of dietary energy levels on the carcass composition of the broilers

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kassim ◽  
S. Suwanpradit
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dietary Energy

PATTERNS OF MUSCLE, BONE, AND FAT ACCRETION IN THREE BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF FEEDLOT BULLS FED THREE DIETARY ENERGY LEVELS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. PATTERSON ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tissue Accretion

The effect of three types of diet on the carcass composition of 71 feedlot bulls of three biological types (Dairy Cross (DX), Hereford Cross (HX), and Beef Cross (BX)) was studied over a 2-yr period. Diets consisted of pelleted alfalfa with 0, 35 or 85% grain. Serial slaughter and carcass dissection into eight wholesale cuts and component tissues were carried out over an age range of 392–636 days. Interactions of biological type with diet-year were generally not significant for actual weight of muscle, bone and fat, or for weight of these tissues at a constant side subcutaneous fat weight of 16 kg. There were few significant effects of biological type or diet-year on the ratio of actual weight of subcutaneous to intermusclar plus body cavity fat. HX bulls had significantly less muscle and less bone than BX or DX, based on actual weights, but the rate of tissue accretion relative to side subcutaneous fat was the same for the three biological types. Animals on the lowest level of dietary energy had less weight of fat than did those on an 85% grain diet, but diet-year growth coefficients of tissue weights relative to side subcutaneous fat weight were generally homogeneous. It was concluded that effects of dietary energy were consistent over the biological types studied and for most of the wholesale cuts. Key words: Feedlot bulls, diet, biological types, tissue growth

Growth of carcass joints and tissues in steers of three breed types fed two dietary energy levels

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
M. G. Keane ◽  
G. J. More O’ Ferrall ◽  
J. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Factors which affect the carcass composition of beef cattle include breed type, plane of nutrition and slaughter weight. With increasing weight, the relative proportions of the carcass joints and tissues change and if these changes were known or could be predicted then cattle could be slaughtered at the desired carcass composition. Dairy bred calves for beef production can be classified into three breed categories -straightbred Friesians, early maturing beef breed x Friesians and late maturing beef breed x Friesians. The objectives of the present study were to compare the changes in carcass composition associated with changes in slaughter weight in Friesian (FF), Hereford x Friesian (HF) and Charolais x Friesian (CF) steers and to determine the effects of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) content.

Carcass composition of serially slaughtered Friesian, Hereford × Friesian and Charolais × Friesian steers finished on two dietary energy levels

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Keane ◽  
G. J. More O'Ferrall ◽  
J. Connolly ◽  
P. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Tissue Separation ◽  
Thoracic Limb ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Pelvic Limb

ABSTRACTThe carcass composition of Hereford × Friesian (HE), Friesian (FR) and Charolais × Friesian (CH) steers finished on diets of high (H) and medium (M) dietary metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations and slaughtered at low (L), normal (N) and heavy (W) carcass weights was examined in a 3 × 2 × 3 (no. = 9 per individual treatment) factorial experiment. A pre-finishing slaughter group of nine animals of each breed type was also included, giving a total 189 animals in 21 experimental groups. ME concentrations of the H and M diets which were offered ad libitum were 12·6 and 10·4 MJ/kg dry matter. Target carcass weights for L, N and W were 260, 300 and 340 kg for HE and FR and 260, 320 and 380 kg for CH.Carcass side weights (before tissue separation) of the HE, FR and CH pre-finishing slaughter groups were 90·8, 970 and 101·0 (s.e.d. 3·9) kg. Corresponding tissue proportions were 188, 199 and 200 (s.e.d. 4·3) g/kg bone, 663, 686 and 690 (s.e.d. 5·3) g/kg muscle and 135, 99 and 96 (s.e.d. 5·7) g/kg fat. Main effect side weights of the finished groups were 152·3, 151·4 and 162·2 (s.e.d. 1·4) kg for HE, FR and CH. 158·5 and 152·2 (s.e.d. 1·1) kg for H and M and 131·2, 155·2 and 179·6 (s.e.d. 1·4) kg for L, N and W, respectively. Tissue proportions in the same order were 146, 160 and 157 (s.e.d. 2·0), 149 and 159 (s.e.d. 1·6) and 163, 154 and 146 (s.e.d. 2·0) g/kg bone, 579, 601 and 635 (s.e.d. 5·5), 600 and 610 (s.e.d. 4·5) and 637, 599 and 574 (s.e.d. 5·5) g/kg muscle and 264, 228 and 195 (s.e.d. 6·4), 240 and 219 (s.e.d. 5·2) and 188, 235 and 264 (s.e.d. 6·4) g/kg fat. CH had more (P < 0·001) of their muscle in the pelvic limb and less (P < 0001) in the thorax than HE and FR. HE had more (P < 0·001) of their carcass fat in the subcutaneous depot and less (P < 0·001) in the intermuscular depot than FR and CH. The allometric regression coefficients for the main joint and tissue weights on side weight were <1·0 for both limbs, loin, bone and muscle. Coefficients were >1·0 for the thorax, ribs, flank and fat. The regression coefficients for the main muscles of the pelvic limb and loin and total thoracic limb muscle on total side muscle were <l·0, while the coefficients for the flank, ribs and thorax muscles were >1·0. Similarly the regression coefficients for the bones of the two limbs on total side bone were <10, while the coefficients for the loin, ribs and thorax bones were >10. It was calculated (for the H diet) that at a carcass weight of 300 kg, HE, FR and CH would have carcass tissue proportions of 576, 600 and 642 g/kg muscle and 261, 227 and 180 g/kg fat. The three breed types would have similar carcass fat contents at carcass weights of 264, 300 and 376 kg for HE, FR and CH, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Energy on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community, and Meat Quality of Holstein-Friesians Bulls Slaughtered at Different Ages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Xinjun Qiu ◽  
Zhantao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Slaughter Age

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial community, and meat quality of Holstein-Friesians bulls slaughtered at different ages. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesians bulls (17 months of age) were divided into a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three energy levels (LE, ME and HE; metabolizable energy is 10.12, 10.90 and 11.68 MJ/kg, respectively) of diets, and three slaughter ages (20, 23 and 26 months). Results indicated that bulls fed with ME and HE diets had higher dry matter intake, average daily gain, and dressing percentage at 23 or 26 months of age. The ME and HE diets also reduced bacterial diversity, altered relative abundances of bacteria and produced lower concentrations of acetate, but higher butyrate and valerate concentrations in rumen fluid. Increasing in dietary energy and slaughter age increased the intramuscular fat (IMF) and water holding capacity. In summary, Holstein-Friesians bulls fed with ME and HE diets, slaughtered at 23 and 26 months of age could be a good choice to produce beef with high IMF. Slaughter age may have less influence than dietary energy in altering fermentation by increasing amylolytic bacteria and decreasing cellulolytic bacteria, and thus, further affecting meat quality.

scholarly journals Lactation curves and economic results of Saanen goats fed increasing dietary energy levels obtained by the addition of calcium salts of fatty acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Souza ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Carlos Antonio Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Susan de Labio Molina ◽  
Francisco de Assis Fonseca de Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Calcium Salts

scholarly journals Changes in white muscle transcriptome induced by dietary energy levels in two lines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for muscle fat content

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine-Ines Kolditz ◽  
Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan ◽  
Edwige Quillet ◽  
Florence Lefèvre ◽  
Françoise Médale
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Vldl Receptor

Energy intake and genetic background are major determinants of muscle fat content in most animals, including man. We combined genetic selection and dietary energy supply to study the metabolic pathways involved in genetic and nutritional control of fat deposition in the muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Two experimental lines of rainbow trout, selected for lean (L) or fat (F) muscle, were fed with diets containing either 10 or 23 % lipids from the first feeding, up to 6 months. At the end of the trial, trout exhibited very different values of muscle fat content (from 4·2 to 10·1 % wet weight). Using microarrays made from a rainbow trout multi-tissue cDNA library, we analysed the molecular changes occurring in the muscle of the two lines when fed the low-energy or high-energy diet. The results from microarray analysis revealed that eleven metabolism-related genes were differentially expressed according to the diet while selection resulted in expression change for twenty-six genes. The most striking observation was the increased level of transcripts encoding the VLDL receptor and fatty acid translocase/CD36 following both the high-fat diet and upward selection for muscle fat content, suggesting that these two genes are relevant molecular markers of fat deposition in the white muscle of rainbow trout.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary energy density and folic acid supplementation on white striping occurrence and growth performance of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Adewole ◽  
Janice L MacIsaac ◽  
Chengbo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
White Striping ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

Broilers were allocated to eight treatments consisting of two energy levels: Normal (NE) and High (HE), and four folic acid (FA) levels (2.2, 5, 10 and 15 ppm). On d 42, two male and two female chickens were euthanized per pen and white striping (WS) evaluation was performed on the Pectoralis major. Birds fed HE diets had reduced (P<0.05) FI and FCR than those on NE diets. With increasing FA levels, there was reduced (P<0.05) WS score, increased (P<0.05) normal breast fillet percentage in female but not in the male chickens. WS scores were higher (P<0.01) in male chickens than in the females.

scholarly journals Performance and carcass evaluation of balami rams finished on diets with varying energy level

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
S. B. Akinleye ◽  
A. B. Omojola ◽  
U. A. Offong ◽  
K. D. Afolabi ◽  
J. S. Luka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Genetic Status ◽  
Study Performance

Fattening of farm animals is a way of increasing the rate of meat deposit after maturity. Its effectiveness depends on genetic status of the animal and the diet fed to the animal. In this study, performance and carcass evaluation of balami rams finished on diets with varying energy levels were carried. Forty-eight rams of Balami breed, weighing 20.75±1.50- 22.50±1.91kg were randomly alloted to four dietary energy levels (EL): 2.20Mcal/kg (EL ), I 2.40 Mcal/kg ((EL ), 2.60 Mcal/kg ((EL ) and 2.80 Mcal/kg ((EL ) for 90 days. The feed II III IV intake and daily weight gain of the animals in each treatment were determined and the average recorded. Three Balami rams were randomly selected from each treatment and sacrificed to determine the dressing percentage (DP), carcass weight (CW), fat deposit (FD) and meat yield (MY). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at á . The 0.05 FBW (kg) of Balami rams in group EL , EL , EL and EL were 41.88.6±1.97, 42.12±1.84, I II III IV 46.13±1.65 and 52.24±2.50 while the FCR of animals on treatments EL (5.3±0.28) and EL I II (5.2±0.26) were higher than EL (4.7±0.82) and EL (4.0±0.65). The DP (%) were 54.9, III IV 54.9, 55.8 and 56.1, the FD (%) were 9.00,9.59,8.92 and 11.46 and the MY (%) were 75.2, 74.7, 75.5 and 72.0 for rams on EL , EL , EL and EL The results indicate that, increasing I II III IV. levels of energy improved growth performance and carcass quality of Balami rams. Therefore, higher level of dietary energy (2.80 Mcal/kgDM and 14% CP) could be suggested for optimizing growth performance and meat quality of Balami ram under fattening condition.

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