scholarly journals Effect of standing and lying behaviors on heat production of dairy heifers differing in feed intake levels

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Purwanto ◽  
T. Matsumoto ◽  
F. Nakamasu ◽  
T. Ito ◽  
S. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dairy Heifers

Effects of different fresh-cut forages and their hays on feed intake, digestibility, heat production, and ruminal methane emission by Boer × Spanish goats1

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 2754-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Puchala ◽  
G. Animut ◽  
A. K. Patra ◽  
G. D. Detweiler ◽  
J. E. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Fresh Cut

scholarly journals Effects of Feed Intake and Behavior on the Relationship between Heart Rate and Heat Production, and the Evaluation of Energy Balance in Holstein Heifers

1993 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki MATSUMOTO ◽  
B. P. PURWANTO ◽  
Fumio NAKAMASU ◽  
Toshio ITO ◽  
Sadaki YAMAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Invited review: Effects of milk ration on solid feed intake, weaning, and performance in dairy heifers

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Khan ◽  
D.M. Weary ◽  
M.A.G. von Keyserlingk
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
And Performance

Heat tolerance in dehydrated steers

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bianca
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Metabolic Heat Production ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Initial Rise

Six steers kept in an environment of 15°C. were deprived of water for four consecutive days. This treatment, by depressing appetite, caused a reduction in voluntary hay intake to one-quarter of its normal level and a decrease in body weight by 10%.In spite of this reduction in feed intake, which must have been accompanied by a fall in metabolic heat production, the animals were less able to tolerate heat than when they were normally watered: during 4 hr. exposures to temperatures of 40.0°C. dry bulb and 32.5°C. wet bulb the waterdepleted animals showed higher values of rectal and skin temperature. This was associated with a slower initial rise and lower final values of respiratory rate (130 versus 155 respirations/min.).

scholarly journals Effects of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer on performance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and health scores of dairy heifers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0231068
Author(s):  
Joana Palhares Campolina ◽  
Sandra Gesteira Coelho ◽  
Anna Luiza Belli ◽  
Fernanda Samarini Machado ◽  
Luiz Gustavo R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Carry Over

The aim of this study was to evaluate how the inclusion of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR) affects different outcomes of dairy heifers. The outcomes evaluated: feed intake, performance, body development, blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), rumen fermentation, fecal scores, and respiratory scores. All outcomes were evaluated during pre-weaning (4–60 d of age), and carry-over effects during post-weaning (61–90 d of age) periods. The experimental units utilized were 29 newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy heifers, with genetic composition of 5/8 or more Holstein and 3/8 or less Gyr and body weight (BW) at birth of 32.2 ± 5.2 kg. Experimental units were assigned to either a control (CON, n = 15) or a blend of essential oil supplementation (BEO, n = 14) treatment, maintaining a balance of genetic composition. The BEO was supplemented in the MR with 1 g/d/calf of a blend of essential oils (Apex Calf, Adisseo, China) composed by plant extracts derived from anise, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary, and thyme. During the pre-weaning phase, all heifers were fed 5 L of MR/d reconstituted to 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were provided ad libitum. During the post-weaning, animals received a maximum of 3 kg of starter/d, and ad libitum corn silage, divided into two meals. Feed intake, fecal and respiratory scores were evaluated daily. The BW was measured every three days, while body development was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected on 0, 30, and 60 d of age for total blood cell count, weekly and on the weaning day to determinate ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea and glucose, and biweekly for IGF-1. Ruminal parameters (pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia-N, and acetate:propionate proportion—C2:C3) were measured on days 14, 28, 42, 60, 74 and 90. A randomized complete block design with an interaction between treatment and week was the experimental method of choice to test the hypothesis of the BEO’s effect on all outcomes. An ANOVA procedure was used for continuous outcomes, and a non-parametric test was used for the ordered categorical outcomes, both adopting a CI = 95%. Results indicated that there was not enough evidence to accept the alternative hypothesis of the effect of BEO in MR on feed intake, performance, body development, and blood metabolites during both pre-weaning and post-weaning periods. However, results indicated that the inclusion of BEO in MR significantly affects the proportion of C2:C3 during pre- and post-weaning (P = 0.05). Similarly, the effect was significant for basophil (P ≤ 0.001), and platelet (P = 0.04) counts pre-weaning. The interaction between week and treatment was also significant for lymphocytes (P ≤ 0.001), revealing a cumulative effect. Lastly, fecal scores were also significant (P = 0.04) during pre-weaning, with lower values for BEO. The BEO contributed to ruminal manipulation in pre-weaning and carry-over effects in post-weaning, immunity improvement, and decreased morbidity of neonatal diarrhea in the pre-weaning phase.

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