scholarly journals Comparison of overfed Xupu and Landes geese in performance, fatty acid composition, enzymes and gene expression related to lipid metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1957-1964
Author(s):  
Xu Liu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Changqing He ◽  
Xiangyong Qu ◽  
Songchang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Landes Geese

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare overfeeding performance, fatty acid composition, blood chemistry, enzymes and genes expression overfed Xupu and Landes geese.Methods: Sixty male Xupu geese (80 d) and Landes geese (80 d) were selected. After a period of one-week of pre-overfeeding, Xupu and Landes geese were overfed three meals of 550 and 350 g/d, respectively, of a high-carbohydrate diet in the first week of the overfeeding period. The next week, geese were given four meals of 1,200 and 850 g/d, respectively, over 8 to 14 d. Finally, geese were given five meals of 1,600 and 1,350 g/d, respectively, for the last two weeks.Results: After overfeeding for 28 d: Compared with Landes geese, Xupu geese liver weight and liver-to-body weight ratio decreased (p<0.05), while final weight, slaughter weight, total weight gain, abdominal fat weight, and feed-to-liver weight ratio increased (p<0.05). The levels of elaidic acid (C18:1t9), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), eicosenoic acid, and arachidonic acid in the liver of Xupu geese significantly increased (p<0.05), and the levels of myristic acid and stearic acid significantly decreased (p<0.05), while methyleicosanoate acid significantly increased (p<0.05). Xupu geese had higher plasma concentrations of triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05), and decreased activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lipase (LPS) (p<0.05). Landes geese had higher LPS activity (p<0.05), but lower cholinesterase activity (p<0.05) when compared with Xupu geese. The mRNA expression levels of fatty acid dehydrogenase (FADS) gene, elongase of longchain fatty acid 1 (ELOVL1) gene, ELOVL5, and acyl-Co A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) gene were significantly upregulated (p<0.05) in Landes goose when compared with Xupu geese.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the liver production performance of Landes geese was better than that of Xupu geese to some extent, which may be closely related to LPS activity, as well as the expression of FADS, ELOVL1, ELOVL5, and ACAT2.

scholarly journals Production Performance of Moina macrocopa (Straus 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera) Cultured in Different Salinities: The Effect on Growth, Survival, Reproduction, and Fatty Acid Composition of the Neonates

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Amirah Yuslan ◽  
Sharifah Najuwa ◽  
Atsushi Hagiwara ◽  
Mazlan A. Ghaffar ◽  
Hidayu Suhaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Moina Macrocopa ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

Salinity is a known factor in shaping population dynamics and community structure through direct and indirect effects on aquatic ecosystems. Salinity changes further influence food webs through competition and predation. The responses of Moina macrocopa (Cladocera) collected from Setiu Wetland lagoon (Terengganu) was evaluated through manipulative laboratory experiments to understand the ability of M. macrocopa to tolerate high salinity stress. Specifically, the fatty acid composition, growth, survival, and reproduction of this cladocerans species was examined. Sodium chloride (NaCl) as used in the treatments water with the concentration 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 15 salinity. Fatty acid levels were determined using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that optimal conditions produced the highest fatty acid content, especially the polyunsaturated fatty acid content, such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), ALA (alpha-linoleic acid), ARA (arachidonic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Furthermore, M. macrocopa survival was best at salinity 0, with a percentage of 98%, whereas the opposite occurred at salinity 15, with approximately 20% of viable animals surviving. Besides, M. macrocopa also showed the highest reproduction rate at salinity 0 (e.g., average initial age of reproduction, 4.33 ± 0.58 days) compared with other salinities level. Interestingly, the difference in growth at different salinities was not evident, an unusual finding when considering adverse effects such as osmoregulation pressure on the organism. Based on the results, we conclude that M. macrocopa can only tolerate salinity below salinity 8 and cannot withstand stressful environmental conditions associated with salinities above 8.

scholarly journals Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in NIDDM: its relationship to fatty acid composition

Diabetologia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1300-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dimitriadis ◽  
M. Griffin ◽  
D. Owens ◽  
A. Johnson ◽  
P. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density

scholarly journals Effects of different variants of the FASN gene on production performance and milk fatty acid composition in Holstein × Simmental dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 03) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mauric ◽  
T Masek ◽  
D Bendelja Ljoljić ◽  
J Grbavac ◽  
K Starcevic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Traits

Crossbreeding of Holstein cattle with bulls of other breeds has garnered increasing interest with respect to efforts to improve performance traits and to decrease problems with fertility and health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of the fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene on milk production traits and fatty acid composition of Simmental and first-generation Holstein × Simmental crossbred cows. A total of 105 cows (72 Simmental and 33 crossbred Holstein) were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method and their fatty acid profiles were analysed. The crossbred Holstein cows with diplotype TW/AR had significantly higher fat content and yield compared to the purebred Simmental cows of the same diplotype. The Holstein × Simmental cows with the diplotype AR/AR were also characterised by significantly lower content of C16:0 and saturated fatty acids, but higher C18:1n9, monounsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid content compared to the same diplotype of the Simmental cattle. These results indicate that with accurate breeding plans, crossbreeding Holstein cows with Simmental bulls could be directed towards a more desirable fatty acid composition of milk and dairy products.

scholarly journals Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Activity and Fatty Acid Composition of Erythrocyte Phospholipids in Friedreich's Ataxia

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Huang ◽  
Y.L. Marcel ◽  
C. Vezina ◽  
A. Barbeau ◽  
J. Davignon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽  
Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽  
Friedreich's Ataxia ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Acyltransferase Activity

SUMMARY:In a study of the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in Friedreich's ataxia, a lower percentage of linoleic acid in phosphatidylcholine was demonstrated. An enzyme involving the exchange of lipids between plasma and erythrocyte membrane, lecithin: cholesteryl acyltransferase (LCAT) was also studied. It was found that the LCA Tactivity had a trend towards low values. However, crossing-over studies indicated that when the LCAT enzyme of patients was exposed to its own substrate it gave low activity values but that the result reverted to normal when control substrate was used

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition and regulatory gene expression in late-term embryos of ACRB and COBB broilers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengchen Su ◽  
Yidi Wang ◽  
Miyoung Suh ◽  
Michael Azain ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Apo B

Abstract Background:Cobb broilers (COBB) have been heavily selected for their production performance in the past several decades, while the Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB) chickens, a meat-type breed, has been kept as a non-selected control strain. The purpose of this study was to compare these two lines of chickens at late-embryonic development and identify the molecular markers and fatty acid profiles underlining their differences in growth performance due to selection. Results: COBB had higher egg weight, embryo weight, and breast and fat ratio. The gene expression in the liver showed an interaction between age and breed on FASN (fatty acid synthase) expression with the highest level in COBB at E18. ACRB had higher Apo-B (apolipoprotein B) and MTTP (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein) expression, but lower SREBP-1(regulatory element-binding protein 1) expression compared to COBB. No difference was found in myogenesis gene expression in the muscle between two breeds. For the fatty acid composition, muscle was largely affected by both breed and age. Yolk and liver were affected mainly by breed and age, respectively. Constant interaction effects in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), indicating the highest level in all the tested tissues of ACRB at E14 and the constant main effects with higher myristic, palmitic and gondoic, but lower linolenic acid in the liver and yolk of COBB compared to in those of ACRB. At last, fat accumulation in the liver had no obvious difference between the breeds but was higher when embryo was older. Conclusions: Broiler breed affects egg, embryo and tissue weight, as well as FA composition in initial egg yolk and throughout the embryonic development. The highest docosahexaenoic percentage was observed in ACRB, indicating that genetic selection may result in fatty acid profile changes in chicken tissues and eggs.

The role of fatty acid composition and α-tocopherol concentration on low density lipoprotein autoxidation

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Michael J. Thomas ◽  
James Manning ◽  
Todd Thornburg ◽  
Kelly Hooper ◽  
Lawrence L. Rudel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration
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