scholarly journals The investigation of combined ventilation-biofilter systems using recycled treated wastewater on odor reduction efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1209-1216
Author(s):  
Andi Febrisiantosa ◽  
Hong L. Choi ◽  
Anriansyah Renggaman ◽  
Sartika I. A. Sudiarto ◽  
Joonhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Odor Removal ◽  
Odor Compounds ◽  
Odorous Compounds ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Swine House

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of odor abatement by using two different ventilation-biofilter systems with recycled stablized swine wastewater.Methods: The performance of odor removal efficiency was evaluated using two different ventilation-biofilter-recycled wastewater arrangements. A recirculating air-flow ventilation system connected to a vertical biofilter (M1) and a plug-flow ventilation system connected to a horizontal biofilter (M2) were installed. Water dripping over the surface of the biofilter was recycled at a flow rate of 0.83 L/h in summer and 0.58 L/h in winter to reduce odorous compounds and particulate matter (PM). The experiments were performed for 64 days with M1 and M2 to investigate how these two ventilation-biofilter systems influenced the reduction of odor compounds in the model houses. Odorous compounds, NH3 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed, and microclimatic variables such as temperature, humidity, and PM were monitored.Results: Ammonia concentration inside M1 was about 41% higher on average than that in M2. PM and total suspended particles (TSPs) inside M1 were about 62.2% and 69.9%, respectively, higher than those in M2. TSPs in the model house were positively correlated with the concentration of NH3 and VOCs.Conclusion: M2 emitted lower concentration of odorous compounds than M1. Moreover, M2 could maintain the optimum temperature condition for a swine house during the cooler season. The plug-flow ventilation–horizontal biofilter system could be used for pig houses to minimize air pollution produced by swine farming activities and maintain optimum microclimate conditions for pigs.

scholarly journals Emission of harmful gases from animal production in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Mazur ◽  
Kamil Roman ◽  
Witold Jan Wardal ◽  
Kinga Borek ◽  
Jan Barwicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Air Exchange

AbstractThe aim of the study was to present the scale of greenhouse gas emissions from animal production, and to provide test results from different housing systems. In three free stall buildings, two with slurry in deep channels and one with cattle in cubicles staying on shallow litter concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide were measured in summer season by using dedicated equipment from Industrial Scientific Research. Air exchange was calculated on the base of balance carbon dioxide method. This method was used in order to estimate the air flow rate. Concentrations of ammonia and CO2 were measured as the base for air exchange and ammonia emission rates. Ammonia emissions were product of ammonia concentration and air exchange rate. Temperature and relative humidity were measured to establish microclimate conditions in buildings tested to show the overall microclimatic situation in buildings. Differences between ammonia emission rates were observed in both housing systems. The highest ammonia emission rate was equal to 2.75 g·h−1·LU−1 in well-ventilated cattle barn with the largest herd size.

scholarly journals PREDICTION MODEL OF AMMONIA CONCENTRATION IN YELLOW-FEATHER BROILERS HOUSE DURING WINTER BASED ON EEMD-GRU

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Zeying Xu ◽  
Xiuguo Zou ◽  
Zhengling Yin ◽  
Shikai Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Central System ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
Broiler House

In winter, the poor ventilation conditions in broiler houses may lead to high ammonia concentration, which affects the health of yellow-feather broilers or even causes the death of many broilers. This research used a machine learning model to predict the ammonia concentration in a broiler house during winter. After analysis, it was found that the ammonia generation in the broiler house was a gradual accumulation featured by non-linear data. After the broilers entered the broiler house for several days, and the ammonia concentration reached a certain value, a ventilation system was used for regulating the concentration. Firstly, the back-propagation (BP) neural network model and gated recurrent unit (GRU) model were used for predicting the ammonia concentration, respectively. Then, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was performed on the time series data of ammonia concentration in the broiler house. After that, the EEMD-GRU prediction model has been established for the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components and the temperature and humidity data in the broiler house. Finally, all component results were summarized to obtain the final prediction result. A comparison was conducted among the prediction results obtained by the above three models. The results show that the root mean square errors of the above three models are 6.2 ppm, 4.4 ppm, and 2.4 ppm, respectively, and the average absolute errors were 4.9 ppm, 2.8 ppm, and 1.6 ppm, respectively. It could be seen that the EEMD-GRU model had higher accuracy in predicting the ammonia concentration in the broiler house. The EEMD-GRU model can effectively predict the ammonia concentration in broiler houses, facilitating the feedback to the central system for timely adjustment.

scholarly journals Identification Odor Compounds Emitted During the Heating of Molding Sands

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
J. Faber ◽  
K. Perszewska
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Odor Compounds ◽  
Odorous Compounds

Abstract The paper presents the results of analyzes of gases emitted during exposure to high temperature foundry molding sands, where binders are organic resins. As a research tool has been used special gas chromatograph designed to identify odorous compounds including the group of alkanes.

Comparison of O3 + GAC, O3 + H2O2 + GAC, and GAC unit operation on natural organic matter and taste and odor causing compounds removal using a pilot plant study

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1383-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanbai Park ◽  
Tae-Yul Kim ◽  
Dalsik Woo ◽  
Yong-Sik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Odor Removal ◽  
Odor Compounds

Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and taste and odor problems in drinking water are a sensitive issue in municipal water treatment plants. This study investigated the effectiveness of ozone (O3) + granular activated carbon (GAC), O3 + hydroperoxide (H2O2) + GAC, and GAC processes using a pilot scale plant to remove NOM and geosmin (50–1,000 ng/L), and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB: 50–300 ng/L). In the O3 + GAC process, NOM-related parameters showed an average of 52% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal from 2 mg/L DOC influent, 99.3% haloacetic acids (HAAs) removal from 0.097 mg/L HAAs influent, and 100% removal from 0.05 mg/L bromide influent. Taste and odor removal rates were 94–100% for geosmin and 87–100% for 2-MIB. The O3 + H2O2 + GAC process removed an average of 55% DOC, 99.7% HAAs, 100% bromate, 94–100% geosmin, and 93–100% 2-MIB. The GAC process removed 46% DOC, 98.3% HAAs, 100% bromate, 83–100% geosmin, and 81–100% 2-MIB. Based on a comparison of the efficiencies and an economic analysis, the O3 + H2O2 + GAC process was determined to be the optimal system for removing NOM and taste and odor compounds.

scholarly journals A new technique to purify biologically treated wastewater by reverse osmosis: utilization of concentrate

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 688-700
Author(s):  
Aleksei G. Pervov ◽  
Konstantin V. Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Product Water

Introduction. Possibilities to purify municipal wastewater using reverse osmosis membrane techniques are investigated aimed at production of quality water for industrial use or meeting regulations for surface water sources discharge. A new eveloped tools to utilize concentrate effluents by reducing its flow by a value that does not exceed 0.5–1.0 per cent of initial feed water flow and it’s withdrawal of all rejected impurities together with dewatered sludge as a sludge moisture. Objectives: development of reverse osmosis techniques to purify wastewater after biological treatment; evaluation of possibilities to radically reduce concentrate flow to withdraw it together with activated sludge as it’s moisture.  Materials and methods. Experimental research is conducted to develop membrane operational modes during wastewater treatment. Experimental procedure is developed and described to evaluate reduction of membrane rejection of dissolved impurities and product flow decrease during experimental wastewater treatment and concentrate utilization test run.  Results. The basic equations are derived that enable us to determine: the required concentrate flow value that corresponds to concentration values of COD and suspended solids values in the feed water; the required values of membrane recoveries that correspond to ammonia concentration in the feed water to meet required regulation values in the product water. The tools to evaluate membrane area and a number of membrane modules are developed and described. Optimum values of the working pressure are evaluated as well as other economic parameters are presented to compare the developed techniques with biological treatment. Conclusions. To reach the required ammonia concentration in product water, double stage treatment of feed water with low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes is required. Influence of dissolved organics defined as COD, on membrane performance. The optimum value of working pressure is determined which is 7.5–8 Bars.

scholarly journals Computer simulations in the ventilation network of the Vulcan Mine

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00050
Author(s):  
Corneliu Boantă ◽  
Cristian Tomescu
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Network ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Calculation Technique ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Mineral Substance ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Networks

Maintaining safety and health conditions underground, especially where potentially explosive atmospheres are possible, depends mainly on how the ventilation system is built, applied and operated in the ventilation network. The ventilation networks of a mining unit for the exploitation of the useful mineral substance are mining works that aim to ensure optimal microclimate conditions in the underground. An ventilation network is built of nodes and branches, in order to establish its structure. In order to establish the optimal air flows at branch level, specialized programs are used, with the help of which the modeling, solving and optimization of the ventilation networks can be performed. Optimizing the management of the ventilation system involves in-depth and complex analyzes on the ventilation network that require a huge volume of data that can be processed only with the help of computing technology. The paper presents an analysis of the ventilation network of the Vulcan mine using the calculation technique to simulate situations that may occur in the ventilation system.

Yearly emission factors of ammonia and particulate matter from three laying-hen housing systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Costa ◽  
Sara Ferrari ◽  
Marcella Guarino
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

The aim of the present study was to measure the concentration of ammonia and particulate matter (PM) that passes through a size‐selective inlet with a 50% cut‐off at 10-μm aerodynamic-equivalent diameter (PM10) and emissions into atmosphere in the following three types of laying-hen houses: traditional battery cages with aerated open-manure storage (BSP) and two best available technique (BAT) housing types, namely, an aviary-system housing (ASH) and a vertical tiered cage with manure belts and forced-air drying (VTC). Measurements were taken continuously for a period of 1 year in each house. Ammonia concentration was measured continuously in each house using an infrared photoacoustic detector with a 15-min sampling interval. PM10 was measured continuously using a scatter light photometer, corrected by the traditional gravimetric-technique concentration to lower the measurement error. The same instrument was also used to collect PM10 through a traditional gravimetric technique. This procedure was performed to adjust the particulate matter-specific gravity of PM that is typical and specific for every animal house. PM10 and ammonia measurements were carried out together with measurements of inside and outside temperature, inside and outside relative humidity and ventilation rate. For the high PM10 concentrations measured in the ASH house during a preliminary survey, concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP) and fine PM (particles <2.5 microns) were also measured to evaluate the dustiness in the building during the working hours. The ammonia concentration was 5.37 mg/m3 in the traditional BSP house (the reference for cage-housing system), 4.95 mg/m3 in the VTC and 3.85 mg/m3 in the ASH. The ammonia-emission factors were 15.445 mg/h.hen place (0.135 kg/year.hen place) for BSP, 8.258 mg/h.hen place (0.072 kg/year.hen place) for VTC, and 23.704 mg/h.hen place (0.208 kg/year.hen place) for ASH. Ammonia emission-reduction efficiency of VTC v. the BSP was 53%, according to thresholds assessed by Integrated Prevention Pollution Control. The ammonia-reduction efficiency of ASH v. that of the standard Reference Housing system for non-cage housing was 68%. Average yearly PM10 concentration was remarkably higher in the ASH, with 0.215 mg/m3 v. 0.108 mg/m3 for the VTC and 0.094 mg/m3 for BSP. In the ASH, the concentration of total suspended particles (TSP) was 0.444 mg/m3 and that of PM2.5 was 0.032 mg/m3. In this facility, a great variation of PM10 concentration occurred in the morning hours. Recorded values for the PM10 emission were 0.433 mg/h.hen for BSP and 0.081 mg/h.hen for VTC, while the ASH showed the highest PM10 emission (1.230 mg/h.hen), with clear peaks occurring in the morning hours during daily farming operations.

scholarly journals Effects of Season and House Microclimate on Fungal Flora in Air and Broiler Trachea

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Danijela Horvatek Tomić ◽  
Ivica Ravić ◽  
Anamaria Ekert Kabalin ◽  
Matija Kovačić ◽  
Željko Gottstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Seasonal Impact ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

Fungi are present in abundance in poultry housing. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of season and microclimate parameters in poultry housing on fungal flora in the air and broiler trachea in commercial fattening conditions. The study was conducted in summer and winter. Study results indicated seasonal impact and association between fungal flora composition in housing air and broiler trachea. However, the total fungal count in housing air was significantly higher in summer and in broiler trachea in winter, both significantly correlated with indoor relative humidity and ammonia concentration. There was no significant correlation between outdoor and indoor air temperature, relative humidity and airflow rate, respectively. Study results suggested that environmental determination of fungi should be accompanied by their determination in broilers. In addition, seasonal impact on fungal contamination should be associated with microclimate conditions in the poultry house rather than the season itself. The fungi detected and the results obtained have implications not only for broiler health but also for the health of humans working in such environments.

Temperature effect on nitrifying bacteria activity in biofilters: activation and free ammonia inhibition

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
S. Villaverde ◽  
P. A. García
Keyword(s):  
Plug Flow ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Free Ammonia ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Ammonia Inhibition

Nitrifying bacteria activity and concentrations depend on specific free ammonia concentration (ratio NH3/biomass), that is a function of temperature, pH, ammonium concentration and nitrifying biomass concentration. So, temperature is a key parameter in the nitrification process producing two opposite effects: bacteria activation and free ammonia inhibition. These phenomena are studied in an up-flow biological aerated filter (UBAF) settled by a nitrifying biofilm (measured as Volatile Attached Solids, VAS). The plug flow allows to disclosure of both effects, activation and inhibition. For Nitrosomonas bacteria only an activation effect was observed; their activity reaches a maximum at 28-29 °C. For Nitrobacter the free ammonia inhibition prevails against the activation effect for values greater than 1 mg N-NH3/mg VAS allowing nitrite accumulation of 80%; this inhibition threshold value for nitrifying biofilm is obtained measuring the specific rate of utilization of substratum per unit of biomass (μmax/Y) by activity test. The knowledge of this threshold in a biofilm process is fundamental in order to control the nitrite accumulation in nitrifying biofilm reactors.

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