scholarly journals Nutritional value and in situ degradability of oak wood roughage and its feeding effects on growth performance and behavior of Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-940
Author(s):  
Ye Ri Ju ◽  
Youl Chang Baek ◽  
Sun Sik Jang ◽  
Young Kyoon Oh ◽  
Sung Suk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate changes in nutritional value and <i>in situ</i> dry matter (DM) degradability of oak and pine wood before and after steam-digestion process (60 min/160°C/6 atm) and feeding effect of the oak roughage on performance and behavior of Hanwoo steers.Methods: Chemical composition and tannin concentration were analyzed for oak and pine trees before and after the pretreatment. <i>In situ</i> DM and effective degradability of these samples were assessed using a nylon bag method. <i>In vivo</i> trial was performed to estimate animal performance and behavior, using steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) diets containing 0% (control), 25% (OR-25), and 50% (OR-50) of the oak roughage. Eighteen steers were allocated into nine pens (2 steers/pen, 3 pens/treatment) for 52 days according to body weight (BW) and age.Results: By the steam-digestion treatment, the neutral detergent-insoluble fiber was decreased from 86.5% to 71.5% for oak and from 92.4% to 80.5% for pine, thereby increasing non-fiber carbohydrate. <i>In situ</i> DM degradability of treated oak reached 38% at 72 h, whereas that of untreated oak was only 11.9%. The 0 h degradability of the treated pine increased from 5.9% to 12.1%, but the degradability was unchanged thereafter. Animal performance including BW, average daily gain, DM intake, and feed conversion ratio was not different among control and oak treatments. No differences were detected in animal behavior such as lying, standing, rumination, drinking, and eating, except walking. Walking was higher in control than oak treatments with numerically higher eating and lower lying times, probably due to bulkier characteristics of rice straw in the diet.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the oak roughage can be substituted for 50% of total forage or 100% of rice straw in TMR diets at early fattening stage of Hanwoo steers.

scholarly journals Nutritional value and in situ degradability of fruit-vegetable byproducts and their feeding effects on performance of growing Hanwoo steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-980
Author(s):  
Keun Hong Song ◽  
Jun Sik Woo ◽  
Ju Ri Kim ◽  
Gyeong Lim Ryu ◽  
Youl Chang Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Effects

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional value and <i>in situ</i> degradability of fruit-vegetable byproducts and their feeding effects on performance of growing Hanwoo steers.Methods: Nutritional value and <i>in situ</i> degradability of cabbage, Chinese cabbage and fruit-vegetable byproducts were assessed. <i>In vivo</i> feeding trial was also performed for 12 weeks. Thirty-six growing steers were randomly allocated into three groups according to body weight (BW) and age in 12 pens (4 replications/treatment) and assigned to one of the three dietary treatments: control (byproduct 0%), FV-B (fruit-vegetable byproduct 20%), and CA-B (cabbage peel 15% plus Chinese cabbage peel 15%, total byproduct 30%).Results: The crude protein contents of cabbage, Chinese cabbage and fruit-vegetable byproducts were 18.69%, 20.20%, and 10.07%, respectively. Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were higher in cabbage (22.31%) and Chinese cabbage (28.83%) than fruit-vegetable (13.94%). Higher concentrations of non-fiber carbohydrate were observed for fruit-vegetable (66.72%) than cabbage (44.93%) and Chinese cabbage byproducts (24.69%). The effective degradability (ED) of both dry matter (DM) and NDF for fruit-vegetable byproduct (DM, 84.69%; NDF, 85.62%) was higher (p<0.05) than cabbage (DM, 68.47%; NDF, 55.97%) and Chinese cabbage byproducts (DM, 68.09%; NDF, 54.22%). The DM intake was not different among treatments because the amount of feed was kept constant according to the BW of growing steers to prevent overweight during the growing period. The average daily gain during the whole experimental period was not different among treatments (1.26, 1.25, and 1.34 kg/d for control, FV-B, and CA-B). The ED of both DM and NDF degradability of the total mixed ration (TMR) diets were very similar among treatments. Feed conversion ratio during the whole period showed no significant difference among treatments.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that fruit-vegetable and cabbage byproducts up to 20% and 30% (as fed basis), respectively can be included in TMR diets for growing beef cattle.

scholarly journals l-Isoleucine Administration Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway in Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangbing Mao ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Qingxiang Wang ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enterocyte Apoptosis

Inflammatory bowel disease (namely, colitis) severely impairs human health. Isoleucine is reported to regulate immune function (such as the production of immunoreactive substances). The aim of this study was to investigate whether l-isoleucine administration might alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. In the in vitro trial, IEC-18 cells were treated by 4 mmol/L l-isoleucine for 12 h, which relieved the decrease of cell viability that was induced by TNF-α (10 ng/ml) challenge for 24 h (P &lt;0.05). Then, in the in vivo experiment, a total of 44 Wistar rats were allotted into 2 groups that were fed l-isoleucine-supplemented diet and control diet for 35 d. From 15 to 35 d, half of the rats in the 2 groups drank the 4% DSS-adding water. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion of rats were impaired by DSS challenge (P &lt;0.05). Drinking the DSS-supplementing water also increased disease activity index (DAI) and serum urea nitrogen level (P &lt;0.05), shortened colonic length (P &lt;0.05), impaired colonic enterocyte apoptosis, cell cycle, and the ZO-1 mRNA expression (P &lt;0.05), increased the ratio of CD11c-, CD64-, and CD169-positive cells in colon (P &lt;0.05), and induced extensive ulcer, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and collagenous fiber hyperplasia in colon. However, dietary l-isoleucine supplementation attenuated the negative effect of DSS challenge on growth performance (P &lt;0.05), DAI (P &lt;0.05), colonic length and enterocyte apoptosis (P &lt;0.05), and dysfunction of colonic histology, and downregulated the ratio of CD11c-, CD64-, and CD169-positive cells, pro-inflammation cytokines and the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the colon of rats (P &lt;0.05). These results suggest that supplementing l-isoleucine in diet improved the DSS-induced growth stunting and colonic damage in rats, which could be associated with the downregulation of inflammation via regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in colon.

scholarly journals In Vivo Performances, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Pigs Fed Olive Cake Processing Waste

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Liotta ◽  
Vincenzo Chiofalo ◽  
Vittorio Lo Presti ◽  
Biagina Chiofalo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The aim of the study was to assess the inclusion of different levels of olive cake in pigs’ diet as a strategy to replace conventional ingredients and to improve meat quality traits. Seventy-two Pietrain pigs, during the growing–finishing period (50–120 kg BW), were fed with three dietary treatments that contained or did not contain olive cake: 0% (Ctrl), 5% (Low), and 10% (High). The trial lasted 90 days. Weekly, individual body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were recorded to calculate average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). At slaughter, the dressing percentage was calculated and carcass weight and backfat thickness were measured. On a section of Longissimus thoracis muscle (LT), pH, color, chemical, and fatty acid composition were determined. Fatty acid profile was also determined in backfat. The statistical model included the effects of diet (Ctrl, Low, and High). The inclusion of 5% of olive cake in the diet improved significantly (p < 0.05) BW and FCR. Both levels of inclusion (5% and 10%) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) backfat thickness and intramuscular fat and modified their fatty acid composition, increasing (p < 0.05) the concentration of MUFA and PUFA and improving (p < 0.05) quality indices. Results suggest that olive cake did not negatively affect the productive performances.

scholarly journals Effect of whole oilseeds feeding on performance and nutritive values of diets of young growing saanen goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Adriana Grande ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Luciano Soares de Lima ◽  
Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom ◽  
Francisco de Assis Fonseca de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Saanen Goat ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty-eight Saanen goat kids (16 non-castrated males and 12 females; 14.38±1.60 kg) were used to evaluate the performance and nutritional value of diets. Animals were randomly allotted into a 4x2 (diets x gender) factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of four different total mixed diets composed of oat hay, soybean meal, mineral supplement, and/or oilseeds replacing ground corn (on dry matter basis), as follows: 1) control (without oilseeds), 2) diet containing 7.9% flaxseed, 3) diet with 7.3% sunflower, and 4) diet containing 8.0% canola. Dry matter intake was higher for animals receiving control diet. Gender did not influence dry matter and nutrient intake. Oilseeds did not affect the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC). Flaxseed diet showed more days in feedlot. Males showed better means of ADG, FC and days in feedlot. Diets containing oilseeds had higher values for ether extract digestibility and lower total carbohydrates than the control diet. The energetic value of diets did not alter. The inclusion of flaxseed, sunflower or canola in diets of Saanen goat kids in place (8% on a DM basis) corn, does not improve the performance, however these oilseeds may be used without changing the nutritional value of diets.

Comparison of lignosulfonate-treated canola meal and soybean meal as rumen undegradable protein supplements for lambs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
K.-J. Cheng ◽  
M. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Experiments

An experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of lignosulfonate (LSO3) treatment on the rumen-undegradable protein (RUDP) value of canola meal (CM) and soybean meal (SM). Canola meal and SM were treated with 7% LSO3 and heated (95 °C) for 1 h. Treated and untreated meals were compared in vitro, in situ and in digestibility and growth experiments using Romanov × Suffolk and Romanov × Dorset lambs. Lambs were fed four barley-based diets [13.5% crude protein (CP)] with one of CM, SM, LSO3-treated CM (LSO3-CM) or LSO3-treated SM (LSO3-SM) as protein supplements. Lignosulfonate treatment increased acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) five-fold in SM and threefold in CM. After 6 h incubation with ruminal fluid, ammonia production from LSO3-treated meals was one-half that from untreated meals. Lignosulfonate treatment reduced (P < 0.01) in situ rates of dry matter (DM) and protein disappearance and the soluble DM and protein fractions for both SM and CM, but not the potentially digestible fractions. No differences in feed conversion or average daily gain (P > 0.05) were found among the treatments. Although LSO3 treatment did not improve the ADG of lambs fed barley-based diets, it increased the RUDP value of SM and CM without adverse effects on digestibility. Key words: Lignosulfonate, canola meal, soybean meal, lamb

Effect of different floor space allowances on the performance and behaviorof Beetal kids under stall-fed conditions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thakur ◽  
D. S. Malik ◽  
S. Kaswan ◽  
A. L. Saini
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Daily Gain

Present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different floor space allowances on performance and behavior of Beetal kids from 3 to 6 months of age. Twenty four spring born Beetal kids (3 month old) were randomly divided in to four groups (n=6 each group) on the basis of space allowances i.e. 0.6 m2, 0.7 m2, 0.8 m2 and 0.9 m2 covered area and 1.2 m2, 1.4 m2, 1.6 m2 and 1.8 m2 open area per kid. The results indicated that most of the performance parameters i.e. body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were marginally higher with higher space allowance, but these did not differ statistically. However behavioural activities like moving, exploring pen, grooming and resting were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in large space allowance groups whereas, eating, standing and negative social interactions were significantly better (p < 0.05) in lower floor space allowance groups. It is concluded that the increase in floor space allowance had favorable effect on the performance and behavior of Beetal kids.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Orthogonal Polarization Spectral Imaging as Applied to Microvascular Studies in Mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nivoit ◽  
A. M. Chevrier ◽  
M. Lagarde ◽  
C. Renaudin ◽  
N. Wiernsperger
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Diabetic Microangiopathy ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization Spectral ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Topical Applications

In vivo observations of the mouse microcirculation can hardly be performed due to technical difficulties, limiting the knowledge that could be obtained from gene manipulated mice models. The aim of the present study was to check the applicability of a novel optical system, the orthogonal polarization spectral technology, to study the mouse microcirculation. In anaesthetized mice, the spinotrapezius muscle microcirculation was observed in situ. The diameter of precapillary arterioles was measured before and after a pharmacological or hormonal stimulation. High-contrast images of the muscle microcirculation were obtained and significant vasodilatation of arterioles was observed after topical applications of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and insulin. As compared to conventional techniques, orthogonal polarization spectral imaging makes it possible to assess and study microvascular beds in mice, which were inaccessible until now, allowing the use of gene manipulated mice to investigate, for example, the mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic microangiopathy.

scholarly journals Preparation of nuclear matrices from cultured cells: subfractionation of nuclei in situ.

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1886-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Staufenbiel ◽  
W Deppert
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Extraction Step ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements

Analyses of the different structural systems of the nucleus and the proteins associated with them pose many problems. Because these systems are largely overlapping, in situ localization studies that preserve the in vivo location of proteins and cellular structures often are not satisfactory. In contrast, biochemical cell fractionation may provide artifactual results due to cross-contamination of extracts and structures. To overcome these problems, we have developed a method that combines biochemical cell fractionation and in situ localization and leads to the preparation of a residual cellular skeleton (nuclear matrix and cytoskeletal elements) from cultured cells. This method's main feature is that cell fractionation is performed in situ. Therefore, structures not solubilized in a particular extraction step remain attached to the substrate and retain their morphology. Before and after each extraction step they can be analyzed for the presence and location of the protein under study by using immunological or cytochemical techniques. Thereby the in vivo origin of a protein solubilized in a particular extraction step is determined. The solubilized protein then may be further characterized biochemically. In addition, to allow analyses of proteins associated with the residual cellular skeleton, we have developed conditions for its solubilization that do not interfere with enzymatic and immunological studies.

scholarly journals Performance and serum chemistry profile of lambs fed on rations with increasing levels of urea

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Diana Rosana Vivian ◽  
Américo Fróes Garcez Neto ◽  
José Antônio Freitas ◽  
Sergio Rodrigo Fernandes ◽  
Sandra Rozanski
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design

Feed intake and efficiency, animal performance, and protein and energy metabolism were studied in lambs that were fed on increasing levels of urea (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of dry matter [DM]). A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments (urea levels) and six replicates. The lambs were fed ad libitum for 56 days until they reached an average body weight of 35 kg. The rations were composed of 34% Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and 66% concentrate. Crude protein (CP) constituted 17% of the diet on a dry matter basis, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) accounted for 65%, on average. The dry matter intake (DMI) and crude protein intake (CPI) were not influenced by the urea levels in the diet, presenting average values of 1.175 and 0.206 kg animal-1 day-1, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross feed efficiency (GFE) were also not influenced by urea levels (0.225 kg day-1, 5.33 kg DM kg gain-1 and 0.195 kg gain kg DM-1, respectively). Except for urea and glucose concentrations, blood parameters did not change with increasing urea in the diets. The mean values for total protein, albumin, globulin and creatinine in the serum were 7.11 g dL-1, 3.36 g dL-1, 3.75 g dL-1 and 0.91 mg dL-1, respectively. Serum urea decreased linearly and serum glucose increased linearly with urea levels in the diet. The addition of 1.5% of urea to the diets did not change feed intake and efficiency or animal performance, and did not cause metabolic disorders in feedlot lambs in the finishing phase.

Potentiation of Bradykinin by Angiotensin-(1-7) on Resistance Vessels of Hypertensive Rats, Studied in Vivo .

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 696-696
Author(s):  
Liliam Fernandes ◽  
Zuleica B Fortes ◽  
Dorothy Nigro ◽  
Regina Scivoletto ◽  
Robson A S Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Ace Inhibition ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Specific Receptor ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Arteriolar Diameter

P19 Objective: To verify the Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]-activity on Bradykinin (BK)-induced vasodilation in SHR mesenteric arterioles, in vivo-in situ. Methods: Arteriolar diameter was measured by intravital microscopy before and after topical application of BK(1pmol), Acetylcholine(ACh 1.6nmol), Sodium nitroprusside (SNP 38pmol) or Histamine (5.4nmol) in the absence or presence of Ang-(1-7) (100pmol). To investigate the Ang-(1-7)/BK interaction, treatments were employed through topical application of antagonists of BK (HOE140,100pmol), Ang-(1-7)(A779,100pmol)and potassium channel (tetraethylammoniun - TEA,90pmol), with an inhibitor of NOSynthase (L-NAME 10nmol) and after cyclooxygenase blockade (indomethacin 5mg/Kg or diclofenac 2.5mg/Kg). To evaluate the effect of ACE- and/or AT 1 blockade on Ang-(1-7)/BK interaction, rats were treated for 21 days with enalapril, quinapril (10mg/Kg), losartan (15mg/Kg) or enalapril + losartan (10 and 15 mg/Kg, respectively). In those enalapril-treated rats the effect of BK (1pmol) was also analysed in the presence of A779 (100pmol). Results: BK-induced vasodilation, but not ACh, SNP or Histamine responses, was increased in the presence of Ang-(1-7) (4.96±0.7% vs 9.07±1.0% * ).This interaction was abolished by HOE (1.11±0.8% * ), A779 (5.13±0.6% * ), TEA (3.37±0.5% * ), indomethacin (1.73±0.4% * )and diclofenac (3.63±0.5% * ), whereas L-NAME did not modify the Ang-(1-7)-potentiating activity. The BK-potentiation by Ang-(1-7) was also observed after enalapril (10.57±0.5% * ), quinapril (8.9±0.7% * ), losartan (9.93±1.2% * ) and enalapril + losartan (10.59±0.5% * ). Enalapril increased the BK-vasodilation(8.21±0.7% * ), but this effect was reversed in the presence of A779 (4.27±0.5% * ). * p≤0.05 Conclusion: In the SHR microcirculation Ang-(1-7) potentiates BK through a specific receptor, probably releasing prostaglandins and EDHF. Our results indicate that the BK-potentiation by Ang-(1-7) may occur endogenously and contribute to the pharmacological effects of ACE inhibition. HOE 140 and Quinapril were gifts from HOECHST and Warner Lambert, respectively.

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