scholarly journals Characteristics of sawdust, wood shavings and their mixture from different pine species as bedding materials for Hanwoo cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyu Chul Ahn ◽  
Sun Sik Jang ◽  
Kang Yeon Lee ◽  
Youl Chang Baek ◽  
Young Kyoon Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
Hanwoo Cattle ◽  
Pine Species

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties and changes in moisture concentrations of bedding materials under the conditions of rearing Korean Hanwoo cows.Methods: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics (Exp. I) and usefulness as beddings for rearing cattle (Exp. II) by the type of beddings such as sawdust (SD), wood shavings (WS) and sawdust+wood shavings (S+W; 1:1 in volume), and the species of pine trees from different countries of origins (China, Pinus armandii, AR; Vietnam, Pinus kesiya, KE; USA, Pinus rigida, RI).Results: In Exp. I, SD-AR showed the largest proportion (78.3%) of fine particles (250 μm+ below 250 μm) and the highest bulk density (208 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) among treatments (p<0.05). The water absorption capacity at 24 h of both S+W-RI (713%) and -KE (701%) was the highest among treatments (p<0.05) and higher than those of SD or WS alone within each species of pine tree (p<0.05). Moisture evaporation rates (%) at 12 h were ranged from 52.3 to 60.8 for SD, 69.9 to 74.4 for WS, and 72.3 to 73.5 for S+W. Total amounts (mg/m<sup>2</sup>) of ammonia emissions were the lowest (p<0.05) in KE species among the pine species within each type of bedding material, having higher ability of ammonia absorption. In Exp II, KE species in both side A and B had lower moisture concentrations (%) than other species. Regardless of types of beddings except SD-AR, moisture concentrations of beddings within a pen were higher (p<0.01) at side A than B.Conclusion: The KE species has better physical characteristics than other beddings and more useful for rearing Hanwoo cattle than other beddings, probably caused by the differences in the method and degree of wood processing rather than the species.

scholarly journals Optimization of pretreating poplar wood shavings with cellulase to produce binderless fiberboard using response surface methodology

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6431-6441
Author(s):  
Jianguo Wu ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Xuanxian Luo ◽  
Chi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
P Value ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

Wood processing waste, poplar wood shavings, were used for fiberboard production, and the pretreatment conditions using cellulase were studied using response surface methodology (RSM). After single factors optimization, central level of temperature, dosage, and liquid/solid ratio (LSR) of cellulase pretreatment conditions were obtained. Further optimization to study the influence of the factors was carried out using Box-Behnken design of experiments. A second-order polynomial equation was obtained, and the low p-value (<0.007) implied that the model was highly significant by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimized cellulase pretreatment conditions for maximum bending strength (BS) of the fiberboard were determined by ridge analysis as 44.4 °C of temperature, 1.23 U/g of dosage, 4.2 of LSR, and 5 h of pretreatment time. Under the optimized conditions, the BS of the fiberboard reached 25.12 ± 0.35 MPa by validation experiment, which was twice that of the fiberboard without pretreatment. Thus, the cellulase pretreatment should be a good choice to produce high-strength binderless fiberboard.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Rheological Properties and Microscopic Characterization of Asphalt Rubbers Containing Heterogeneous Crumb Rubbers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingfeng Chang ◽  
Yixing Zhang ◽  
Jianzhong Pei ◽  
Jiupeng Zhang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Asphalt Rubber ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic Material ◽  
Microscopic Morphology

Asphalt rubbers mixed with untreated and plasticized crumb rubbers and a compounding coupling agent were investigated in this study. The low-temperature rheological properties of asphalt rubbers at different aging levels were tested using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). An interconversion between linear viscoelastic material functions was used to obtain converted evaluation indexes for the asphalt rubbers at low temperatures. Lastly, the physicochemical characteristics and the microscopic morphology of the asphalt rubbers were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In conclusion, the storage moduli of the asphalt rubbers containing heterogeneous crumb rubbers increased with the plasticized crumb rubber content and the aging level. The converted relaxation moduli were consistent with the change trend of the storage moduli, and the relaxation rate decreased as the plasticized crumb rubber content and the aging level increased. The process of mixing the base asphalt with crumb and plasticized crumb rubbers was physical blending, and the effect of aging on the absorption peak change of asphalt rubber with plasticized crumb rubbers was less than that of asphalt rubber with ordinary crumb rubbers. Aging deteriorated the blending between the crumb rubber and the base asphalt, and a distinct interface appeared between the crumb rubber and the base asphalt. The particle cores of the plasticized crumb rubber in the asphalt rubber were difficult to maintain. Furthermore, as the plasticized crumb rubber content increased, more fine particles stripped off the plasticized crumb rubber after aging.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE WORKING EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR POWER ABSORPTION REFRIGERATOR UNITS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
M. F. Rudenko ◽  
Yu. V. Shipulina ◽  
M. Sh. Karimov ◽  
A. M. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Power ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Open Test ◽  
Flat Mirror ◽  
Absorption Refrigerator

Objectives.The aim of the study is to develop a cyclic absorption refrigerator unit that implements technology for producing cold from solar radiation energy. Its distinctive feature comprises a highly developed solar receiving unit, consisting of two parallel-connected absorber generators whose reactors are installed in individual heat-insulated “hot box” cabinets.Method. The geometric characteristics of the absorber generator are based on the calculations of the optical and heat energy efficiency of the device models.Results. The physicochemical characteristics of activated carbons (AC) of various production are studied. The absorption capacity of the following working pairs is determined: AC-ammonia, AC-methylamine, AC-ethylamine. The calculated coefficients for the Dubinin-Radushkevich structural equations are obtained. An experimental solar energy refrigerator unit is tested using a working pair of AC-ammonia in an open test area. The operability of the upgraded device is proven. Exergetic coefficient dependencies are determined according to the developed software algorithm based on a simplified thermodynamic cycle. The areas of possible application and use of solar power refrigerator units with the studied working pairs are determined.Conclusion. The increased unit efficiency consists in the optimal layout of all elements of the absorber generator, including the reactor, two flat mirror concentrators, a thermal substrate, a reduced internal air space volume, a double-glazed window made of two sheets of glass and a calculated thickness of heat-insulating Ripor foamed polyurethane. 

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of biopolyols through biomass liquefaction of wood shavings and their application in the preparation of polyurethane wood composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Olszewski ◽  
Paulina Kosmela ◽  
Łukasz Piszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
European Industry ◽  
Poly Ethylene

AbstractThe sustainability of production systems in wood processing, wood industry, and wooden waste disposal is an important issue for European industry and society. Proper development of products based on renewable wood resources gives an opportunity to provide materials with long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability. This study aims to establish a new way of forestry and agricultural waste materials utilization by synthesis of bio-based polyols and manufacturing of polyurethane wood composites (PU-WC). The first part of this paper describes the liquefaction of wood shavings at a temperature of 150 °C for 6 h in three different solvents—glycerol, poly (ethylene glycol) and their mixture in a 1:1 ratio. The second part deals with the synthesis of polyurethane (PU) resins containing 90% of biopolyol. Eight sets of materials with different NCO:OH ratios were obtained in a one-step method using a hydraulic press. These materials were characterized, and the material with the most promising properties was selected for polyurethane wood composites production. Composites with 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% of wood shavings were obtained. The addition of filler caused an increase in flexural strength, Young`s modulus, hardness, and impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed good adhesion between the polymer and the filler. The optimum filler content is between 50 and 60% by weight of the composite. The presented study provides a significant step toward a greener alternative for materials produced mainly from non-renewable resources.

scholarly journals Effect of selected Rwandan wheat varieties on the physicochemical characteristics of whole wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bernard RWUBATSE ◽  
Michael Wandayi OKOTH ◽  
Angela Adhiambo ANDAGO ◽  
Sophia NGALA ◽  
Anastase KIMONYO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Dough Development Time

<p>The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the wheat varieties newly introduced in Rwanda on the physicochemical characteristics of their whole wheat grains in order to know their potentials for processing. Gihundo wheat grain variety had the highest values for extraction yield (99.20 %), contents of ash (1.47 %) and total dietary fiber (15.97 %), water absorption capacity (89.00 %), dough development time (7.62 min) and brightness (84.67 %). For the same physicochemical characteristics, whole flour from Nyaruka wheat variety showed the lowest values for extraction yield (96.20%), water absorption capacity (80.00 %), dough development time (6.33 min) and brightness (80.33), while whole flour from Reberaho wheat variety exhibited the lowest values for the contents of ash (0.98 %) and total dietary fiber (12.44 %). The protein content ranged between 10.00 % and 10.85 % for whole flours from all wheat varieties. The results showed that whole flour from Gihundo wheat grain variety exhibited high values for most of the physicochemical characteristics determined in comparison to the other three varieties. It is important to select grains or flour from these wheat varieties newly introduced in Rwanda based on the individual cultivar because their derivative products could have a more desired quality.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of surface materials of self-draining beds on cattle behavior in a temperate climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1866-1872
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Lulu Guo ◽  
Fulan Zhang ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Huaming Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Surface Materials ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
Sand Bedding

Objective: The objective of the present experiment was to construct self-draining beds to keep surface bedding materials clean and dry for beef cattle comfort in a temperate climate.Methods: In Experiment 1, a self-draining bed was covered with sand at depths of 10 cm (S-10a), 15 cm (S-15), and 20 cm (S-20) respectively. In Experiment 2, self-draining beds of different sizes were covered with 10 cm of sand (S-10b) and wood shavings (WS) at depths of 15 cm and 20 cm (WS-15 and WS-20). Fifteen cattle were engaged to evaluate the comfort of self-draining beds covered with different bedding materials.Results: No cattle lay in the feed alley and cattle spent more time lying on S-10a than S-15 or S-20 in Experiment 1 (p<0.01). No difference in lying time was detected between S-15 and S-20 (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, no cattle selected the feed alley as the lying area. Cattle preferred WS-15 as the lying area and time spent lying on WS-20 was slightly higher than on S-10b (p<0.05). Feces weight was higher in the feed alley than in the different bedding areas in both Experiments 1 and 2 (p<0.01).Conclusion: Sand-bedding depth at 10 cm and WSs at 15 cm above the self-draining bed can provide for the lying comfort of beef cattle. Design of a special feed alley to hold most of the feces to keep bedding materials clean and dry is desirable for organic beef cattle in a loose barn.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOTIC ENVIRONMENTS IN FLATLAND RIVERBEDS OF LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius Vaikasas ◽  
Nijole Bastiene ◽  
Virginija Pliuraite
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
River System ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Hydrostatic Head ◽  
The Impact

The impact of a small hydropower plant (SHP) on river water quality and macroinvertebrates has been investigated in 5 Lithuanian rivers and involved 17 dams of which ten are in a sequence in the same river system. The hydrostatic head of SHP dams ranged from 2.75 to 14.50 m and the capacities of their reservoirs varied from 40×103 to 15,500×103 m3. Physicochemical characteristics, as well as macroinvertebrate communities, were evaluated in sites above and below the SHP dams comparing them with reference sites. It was established that construction of SHP dams (H15 m) in Lithuania substantially changed regimes of suspended solids, fine particles and nutrients only locally regardless of hydrostatic head of the dam. Compared to reference sites, SHP reservoirs and sites below SHP dams had relatively more Chironomidae larvae and Oligochaeta, and less Coleoptera larvae as well as the relative abundance of pollution-sensitive Ephemeroptera and EPT. Water quality according to biotic indexes (DSFI and HBI) in the sites influenced by SHP dams was recognised to be moderate or poor, but impact was only local. This suggests that increment of catchment’s area and intensive land use for agriculture within the river basin plays more important role than SHP dams

scholarly journals Utilization of plant resources among the Kankanaeys in Kibungan, Benguet Province, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABIGAIL T. BERSAMIN ◽  
JUDE L. TAYABEN ◽  
KRYSSA D. BALANGCOD ◽  
ASHLYN KIM D. BALANGCOD ◽  
AMELIA C. CENDANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
House Construction

Abstract. Bersamin AT, Tayaben JL, Balangcod KD, Balangcod AKD, Cendana AC, Dom-Ogen ET, Licnachan LOC, Siadto B, Wong FM, Balangcod TD. 2021. Utilization of plant resources among the Kankanaeys in Kibungan, Benguet Province, Philippines. Asian J Ethnobiol 4: 362-372. The use of plant resources for human basic need dates back to ancient times. Plants have been man’s recourse for natural healing, food, and for cultural practices. This study aimed to document the rich flora of Kibungan, Benguet that the Kankanaey tribe utilizes. Interviews and focused group discussions were used to gather data and it was supplemented with ocular inspection of the locality. Results revealed that there were various uses of plants that could be categorized into medicinal, food, house construction, and others. The leaves of medicinal plants are more frequently used to treat wounds, diarrhea, cough, and skin inflammation. Decoctions for natural remedies include gipas (Sarcandra glabra), gawed (Piper betle), and kutsay (Allium odorum). Plant foods such as fruits, root crops, and vegetables are either cultivated or gathered from the forest. Specifically, plants collected from the wild included pinit (Rubus fraxinifolius), amti (Solanum nigrum), bayabas (Psidium guajava), gatgattang (Sonchus arvensis), galyang (Alocasia macrorrhizos), and pako (Diplazium esculentum), while kamote (Ipomea batatas) and corn (Zea mays) are cultivated. The pine tree (Pinus kesiya) is the main raw material for house construction. Interestingly, dengaw (Acorus calamus) is regarded as an amulet, which is believed to ward off evil spirits.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Rice Hulls, Sawdust, Wood Shavings and Mixture of Sawdust and Wood Shavings, and Their Usefulness According to the Pen Location for Hanwoo Cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyu Chul Ahn ◽  
Sun Sik Jang ◽  
Hyung Jun Kwak ◽  
Sang Rak Lee ◽  
Young Kyun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Hanwoo Cattle
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