scholarly journals Effects of Lonicera japonica extract on performance, blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress during perinatal period in dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1102
Author(s):  
Yiguang Zhao ◽  
Zhiwen Tang ◽  
Xuemei Nan ◽  
Fuyu Sun ◽  
Linshu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Lonicera Japonica ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lonicera japonica extract (LJE) on milk production, rumen fermentation and blood biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress during the perinatal period of Holstein dairy cows.Methods: Eighteen Holstein dairy cows were used in a complete randomized design experiment with 3 dietary treatments and 6 cows per treatment. All cows received the same basal total mixed ration (TMR) including a prepartal diet (1.35 Mcal of net energy for lactation [NEL]/kg of dry matter [DM], 13.23% crude protein [CP]) from –60 d to calving and a postpartal diet (1.61 Mcal of NEL/kg of DM, 17.39% CP) from calving to 30 days in milk (DIM). The 3 dietary treatments were TMR supplemented with LJE at 0 (control), 1 and 2 g/kg DM, respectively. LJE was offered from 21 d before calving to 30 DIM. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production were measured daily after calving. Milk and rumen fluid samples were collected on 29 and 30 d after calving. On –10, 4, 14, and 30 d relative to calving, blood samples were collected to analyze the biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress.Results: Compared with control diet, LJE supplementation at 1 and 2 g/kg DM increased DMI, milk yield and reduced milk somatic cell count. LJE supplementation also decreased the concentrations of blood biomarkers of pro-inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, and haptoglobin), energy metabolism (nonesterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen metabolites), meanwhile increased the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase concentrations in blood. No differences were observed in rumen pH, volatile fatty acid, and ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentrations between LJE supplemented diets and the control diet.Conclusion: Supplementation with 1 and 2 g LJE/kg DM could increase DMI, improve lactation performance, and enhance anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of dairy cows during perinatal period.

204 FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF FOLLICULAR FLUID FROM DAIRY COWS FED TROPICAL FORAGE-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH INCREASING LEVELS OF SOYBEAN OIL

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. T. P. Batista ◽  
C. G. S. Ribeiro ◽  
N. R. Barbosa ◽  
M. A. S. Gama ◽  
F. C. F. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Matter Basis

Recent studies have shown that dietary supplementation with sources rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can improve reproductive perfor-mance of lactating dairy cows. However, no studies have reported the fatty acids composition of follicular fluid (FF) from dairy cows fed high-PUFA diets. This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acids composition of FF from dairy cows fed tropical forage-based diets containing different levels of soybean oil (SO). Four multiparous Holstein-Zebu cows in midlactation (90 ± 25 days in milk) were assigned to 1 of the following dietary treatments (on a dry matter basis): (1) T1 (control) = no SO; (2) T2 = diets containing 1.5% of SO; (3) T3 = diets containing 3.0% of SO; and (4) T4 = diets containing 4.5% of SO. Diets were composed of chopped elephant grass and a concentrate mixture and the forage concentrate ratio was 55 : 45 (dry matter basis). The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin square in which each period lasted 21 days. All cows received intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices and follicular waves were synchronized with 0.5 mg of gonadorelin. The FF from dominant follicles was collected by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration on the last day of each period (Day 21) and centrifuged (10000 × g, 1 min) and the supernatant was frozen at -80°C until fatty acid analysis. Extraction and methylation of fatty acids in FF were performed according to the 1-step simplified method described by Masood A et al. (2005 J. Lipid Res. 46, 2299-2305). The fatty acid profile from FF was determined by gas chromatography as described by Cruz-Hernandez C et al. (2007 J. Dairy Sci. 90, 3786-3801). Treatment effects were determined by regression analysis using the REG procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) and declared significant at P < 0.05. Nearly 30 different fatty acids (70% of the total area) were identified in the FF samples. The most representative fatty acids (% total area) for the 4 dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively) were C18 : 2 cis - 9, cis - 12 (19.8, 20.3, 16.1, and 24.2), C18 : 0 (17.7, 16.6, 19.5, and 16.8), C16 : 0 (12.2, 10.7, 11.3, and 17.8), and C18 :1 cis - 9 (6.5, 7.3, 5.5, and 7.7). Inclusion of SO in the diet linearly reduced (P < 0.05) concentrations of C16 : 1 cis - 9 (0.8, 0.7, 0.4, and 0.5) and C20 : 3 (1.2, 1.1, 0.5, and 0.7), but linearly increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of C18 : 1 trans - 11 (0.4, 0.4, 0.6, and 1.4), C18 : 1 cis - 11 (0.4, 0.5, 0.4, and 0.9), and C18 : 1 cis - 12 (0.2, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.7) isomers in FF. The increase in the concentration of C18 : 1 trans - 11 in FF from cows fed higher levels of SO was not accompanied by an increase in the proportion of CLA cis - 9, trans - 11 (0.9, 1.0, 0.7, and 0.9 for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively). It suggests the absence or low activity of A9-desaturase enzyme in the follicular environment, unlike that observed in the mammary gland. In general, our results indicate that fatty acid composition of follicular fluid from lactating dairy cows is sensitive to changes in dietary supply of PUFA. Financial support: FAPEMIG (CVZ1815/06).

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary β-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Intestinal Integrity, and Immune Responses in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Jae-Cheol Jang ◽  
Kwang Kim ◽  
Young Jang ◽  
Yoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, intestinal integrity, and the immunological and oxidative stress parameters in weaning pigs. A total of 64 newly weaning pigs (initial body weight: 6.96 ± 0.70 kg) were allotted to two dietary treatments in eight replicates per treatment with four pigs per pen based on body weight and sex. Dietary treatments were 1.) CON (control: corn-soybean meal based basal diet) and 2.) β-mannanase (basal diet +0.06% β-mannanase). The β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, concentrations of acute phase protein, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. However, the pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet had greater ATTD of ether extract, jejunum villus height, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and lower crypt depth compared with those fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). The pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet tended to have the lower count of E. coli in cecum than those fed the CON diet (p = 0.08). In conclusion, dietary β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, immune response and oxidative stress of weaning pigs, whereas it increased fat digestibility and had positive effects on intestinal integrity and cecum microflora by reducing the count of E.coli.

scholarly journals Oxygen and oxidative stress in the perinatal period

Redox Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 674-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Torres-Cuevas ◽  
Anna Parra-Llorca ◽  
Angel Sánchez-Illana ◽  
Antonio Nuñez-Ramiro ◽  
Julia Kuligowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Expression patterns of major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation, oxidative stress pathways from colostrum to milk in Damascus goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akın Yakan ◽  
Hüseyin Özkan ◽  
Baran Çamdeviren ◽  
Ufuk Kaya ◽  
İrem Karaaslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractThe molecular regulation of milk secretion and quality in the transition period from colostrum to milk in goats is largely unknown. In the present study, mammary gland secretion of goats was collected in 0th, 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th days after parturition. In addition to composition and fatty acid profile of colostrum or milk, FASN, SCD, ACACA, COX-2, NRF2, TLR2, NF-kB, LTF and PTX3 genes expression patterns were determined from milk somatic cells. While somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA), fat, fat-free dry matter, protein and lactose were highest as expression levels of the oxidative and inflammatory genes, freezing point and electrical conductivity were lowest in colostrum. With the continuation of lactation, most of the fatty acids, n3 ratio, and odour index increased but C14:0 and C16:0 decreased. While FASN was upregulated almost threefolds in 14th day, ACACA was upregulated more than fivefolds in 7th and 14th days. Separately, the major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation and oxidative stress were significantly associated with each other due to being positively correlated. MDA was positively correlated with SCC and some of the genes related inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were determined between SCC and fatty acid synthesis related genes. With this study, transition period of mammary secretion was particularly clarified at the molecular levels in Damascus goats.

246 Effects of Feeding Thermally Processed Spray-dried Egg Whites on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, and Oxidative Stress in Nursery Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
Victoria C Wilson ◽  
Brian J Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine if feeding thermally processed (TP, heated at 100°C for 120 h) spray-dried egg whites (SDEW) to nursery pigs would impact growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE, N, and S, and oxidative stress. Thirty-two barrows, (initial BW 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments with 1 pig per pen. In a preliminary study, thermally processing SDEW at 100°C for 120 h increased protein carbonyls (PC) from 6 µmol/g to 19.4 µmol/g (P ≤ 0.01). Diets included either 12% SDEW, 6% TP-SDEW plus 6% SDEW, or 12% TP-SDEW. The experiment lasted 24 d for collection of growth performance data, while plasma was collected on d 21 and liver tissue harvested on d 24 to analyze for markers of oxidative stress. Feces were collected on d 22 for measures of ATTD. Daily gain, daily feed intake, feed efficiency, and ATTD of GE were not found to be different among dietary treatments (P ≥ 0.57). In contrast, ATTD of N (P = 0.11) and S (P = 0.03) were found to increase with increasing protein oxidation in the diet. There was no change in the plasma or liver F2-isoprostanes and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine among dietary treatments (P ≥ 0.28). An increase in plasma PC (P = 0.02) was observed in pigs fed 12% TP-SDEW compared to pigs fed 12% SDEW and pigs fed 6% TP-SDEW. In contrast, a decrease in liver tissue PC (P = 0.04) was observed in pigs fed 6% TP-SDEW compared to pigs fed 12% SDEW and 12% TP-SDEW. These results indicate that feeding TP-SDEW does not affect growth performance, ATTD of GE, and oxidative stress as indicated by F2-isoprostanes or 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine; but appeared to have variable effects on oxidative stress as measured by PC.

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