scholarly journals Effects of wild or mutated inoculants on rye silage and its rumen fermentation indices

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk Jun Lee ◽  
Seong Shin Lee ◽  
Youn Sig Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

Objective: This study was conducted to confirm the effects of new inoculants producing-antifungal or esterase substances on rye silage and its rumen fermentation indices by comparing wild with mutated types.Methods: Rye harvested at dough stage was ensiled into 3 L mini bucket silo (1 kg) for 90 d in triplicate following: distilled water at 20 μL/g (CON); <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> 100D8 (AT) and its inactivation of antifungal genes (AT-m) at 1.2×10<sup>5</sup> cfu/g, respectively; and <i>Leuconostoc holzapfelii</i> 5H4 (FD) and its inactivation of esterase genes (FD-est) at 1.0×10<sup>5</sup> cfu/g, respectively. After silo opened, silage was sub-sampled for the analysis of ensiling quality and its rumen fermentation indices.Results: Among the wild type inoculants (CON vs AT vs FD), FD inoculant had higher (p<0.05) <i>in vitro</i> digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in rumen, while AT inoculant had higher (p<0.05) lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria in silage. Silage pH and the potentially degradable fraction in rumen increased (p<0.05) by inactivation of antifungal activity (AT vs AT-m), but lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria of silage decreased (p<0.05). In silage, acetate increased (p<0.05) by inactivation of esterase activity (FD vs FD-est) with decreases (p<0.05) of pH, ammonia-N, lactate, and yeast. Moreover, inactivation of esterase activity clearly decreased (p<0.05) <i>in vitro</i> digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in the rumen.Conclusion: This study concluded that FD inoculant confirmed esterase activity on rye silage harvested at dough stage, while AT inoculant could not be confirmed with antifungal activity due to the absence of mold in all silages.

The effect of including Colombian rice polishings in the diet on rumen fermentation in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cardenas Garcia ◽  
C. J. Newbold ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

AbstractThe effect of including full-fat Colombian rice polishings, at 250 or 500 g/kg dry matter (DM) or defatted Colombian rice polishings (at 500 g/kg DM) on the fermentation of a basal diet of dried grass and medium-quality hay, in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec), was investigated. With diets which contained 0, 0·25, 0·50 full-fat or 0·50 defatted, proportions of rice polishing, values for pH were depressed (7·22, 7·19, 7·11, 7·06 (s.e.d. 0·05)) and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were increased (52·8, 52·5, 75·5, 754 (s.e.d. 2·1) mmol/l) at the high levels of inclusion of rice polishings. Concentrations of ammonia (130, 140, 228, 209 (s.e, d. 64) mg/l) and total bacterial numbers (2·32, 2·70, 3·55, 442 (s.e.d. 0·82) × 108 per ml) were elevated by rice polishings inclusion. Numbers of cellulolytic bacteria (2·52, 1·74, 1·84, 2·10 (s.e.d. 0·60) × 106 per ml) and protozoa (19·8, 16·2, 15·8, 22·2 (s.e.d. 1·51) × 103 per ml were depressed (the latter significantly P < 0·01) by the inclusion offull-fat, but not by defatted, rice polishings.

scholarly journals The Effect of Multistage Ammoniation on Fiber Fraction and Digestibility of Maize Stover in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dakaew ◽  
A. Abrar ◽  
A. Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Fraction ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The main objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover in vitro. Maize stover was treated by a multistage technique of different urea connect ration (8%, 4%, and 2%) and incubation for 14 days at room temperature.Digestibility of NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose, and cellulose, in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3-N, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and pH concentration were observed. However treatment maize stover and multistage ammoniation maize stover were composed by using T-test student as the statistic. There were not significantly different on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover. However, multistage ammoniation decreased ADF fraction by 56.67% to45.39%. The DM digestibility of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover also increased by 35.18 to 45.91. The total VFA and N-ammonia of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover also higher than control.Keywords: Ammoniation, Digestibility, in vitro, Maize stover

scholarly journals KECERNAAN DAN FERMENTABILITAS SUBSTRAT KOMBINASI MINERAL– FUNGI DALAM RUMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Khanza Syahira Dhia ◽  
Kurnia A. Kamil ◽  
Hidayat Tanuwira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Variance Test ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Studentized Range ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

This study aims to determine the digestibility and fermentability of mineral-fungal combinations. The benefit of this study was to obtain data from the digestibility and fermentability of mineral-fungi combinations. The study was carried out in vitro with a completely randomized factorial 2 × 4 design with 3 replications. The variables observed were dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, total VFA production (total volatile fatty acid), and NH3. The data obtained were then analyzed using variance test (ANOVA), if there was an influence on the variables measured, it will be followed by the Tukey’s Studentized Range test. The results showed that the combination of minerals gave a significant effect (P <0.05) and there was an interaction between mineral-fungi (P <0.05) in the digestibility of organic matter and VFA. The highest result was combination mineral with S. cerevisiae and as individual was combination Cu-Sc and Se-Sc. Keywords: Digestibility, Fermentability, Fungi, Mineral, Rumen.

Effect of 9,10-Anthraquinone on rumen methane production as studied in vitro and in vivo

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
V. Fievez ◽  
B. Vlaeminck ◽  
W. Steinberg ◽  
I. Immig ◽  
D. Demeyer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

In vitro supplementation of 0.05% [on a substrate basis (wt/wt)] - but not of 0.01% - of 9,10-Anthraquinone (AQ) inhibited rumen methanogenesis, reduced total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and molar proportions of acetate (Acet), increased proportions of propionate (Prop) and butyrate (But) and resulted sometimes in H2 accumulation (Garcia-Lopez et al., 1996). In vivo administration of high amounts of AQ [5% on a substrate basis (wt/wt)] to lambs depressed CH4 and increased H2 concentrations in ruminal gases during the complete 19 days of administration, whereas original concentrations were re-installed within 6 days after the removal of AQ from the diet (Kung et al., 1996). In this experiment we aimed to study the dose effect of AQ on in vitro rumen fermentation and modifications to rumen fermentation when administering 0.05% of AQ in vivo.

scholarly journals Nutrient Digestibility, Microbial Fermentation, and Response in Bacterial Composition to Methionine Dipeptide: An In Vitro Study

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Fanlin Kong ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Yijia Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

It is well known that the methionine dipeptide (MD) could enhance the dairy cows milking performance. However, there is still a knowledge gap of the effects of MD on the rumen fermentation characteristics, microbiota composition, and digestibility. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different nitrogen sources with a total mixed ration on in vitro nutrient digestibility, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial composition. The treatments included 5 mg urea (UR), 25.08 mg methionine (Met), 23.57 mg MD, and no additive (CON) in fermentation culture medium composed of buffer solution, filtrated Holstein dairy cow rumen fluid, and substrate (1 g total mixed ration). Nutrient digestibility was measured after 24 h and 48 h fermentation, and fermentation parameters and microbial composition were measured after 48 h fermentation. Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the MD group at 48 h were significantly higher than in the CON and UR groups. The total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher in the MD group than in the other groups. In addition, 16S rRNA microbial sequencing results showed MD significantly improved the relative abundances of Succinivibrio, Anaerotruncus, and Treponema_2, whereas there was no significant difference between Met and UR groups. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed the relative abundance of Succinivibrio and Anaerotruncus were positively correlated with gas production, NDF digestibility, ADF digestibility, and acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations. Overall, our results suggested that the microbiota in the fermentation system could be affected by additional nitrogen supplementation and MD could effectively enhance the nutrient utilization in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Prepared with Lucerne, Sweet Maize Stalk, and Their Mixtures

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Musen Wang ◽  
Fujin Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Ying Yun ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH, chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lucerne, sweet maize stalk (MS), and their mixtures. Freshly chopped lucerne and MS were combined in ratios of 100:0 (M0, control), 80:20 (M20), 60:40 (M40), 40:60 (M60), 20:80 (M80), and 0:100 (M100) on a fresh matter basis. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate, and a total of eighteen silos were fermented for 65 days. After 65 days of fermentation, the pH values in M0, M20, M40, M60, M80, and M100 silages were 5.47, 4.84, 4.23, 4.13, 3.79, and 3.61, respectively. As the MS proportion in the mixtures increased, silage K, Ca, P, Na, Fe, and Cu concentrations linearly decreased (p < 0.001) and so did vitamins B5 and K1 and α-tocopherol. In vitro rumen dry matter and organic matter degradability, pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, and gas production linearly decreased (p < 0.01), while neutral detergent fiber concentration linearly increased (p < 0.001), with increasing proportion of MS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability rapidly decreased when the MS percentage was ≥60%. In conclusion, the M40 silage is the most suitable for livestock utilization in local forage production considering the balance of silage pH, nutritional quality, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

The effects of essential oil and condensed tannin on fermentation and methane production under in vitro conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Pinski ◽  
Mevlüt Günal ◽  
Amer A. AbuGhazaleh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The potential of five different essential oils (EO) and quebracho condensed tannin extract (QCT) as antimethanogenic additives in ruminant feeds were investigated. The first experiment was conducted to screen the effects rosemary oil, sage oil, cinnamon oil (CNO), eucalyptus oil and myrrh oil at 500 mg/L of culture fluid on methane (CH4) production under in vitro conditions. Rumen contents were collected from a cannulated Holstein dairy cow and used for a 24-h batch-culture experiment. Treatments were a control (CON) or CON plus EO at 500 mg/L. Results showed that CNO decreased CH4 production and, therefore, was selected for Experiment 2. The second experiment was designed to test the effects of CNO at three different dose levels on CH4 production and fermentation in 24-h batch-culture experiments. Treatments were CON or CON plus CNO supplemented at 125, 250 and 500 mg/L. Relative to CON, CNO decreased total gas production at the 250 and 500 mg/L doses. All doses of CNO decreased CH4 production. Total volatile fatty acid production was lower in cultures incubated with CNO at the 500 mg/L. Ammonia-N concentration decreased in cultures incubated with CNO at the 500 mg/L. The third experiment was designed to test the effects of QCT on CH4 production and fermentation in 24-h batch cultures. Treatments were CON or CON plus QCT at 25, 50 and 75 g/kg of diet DM. Relative to CON, total volatile fatty acid concentration increased with the 50 g/kg QCT, but was similar to the 25 and 75 g/kg QCT. The proportions of acetate decreased, while the proportions of propionate increased with the 25 g/kg QCT compared with CON. Methane production was not affected in cultures incubated with QCT. Relative to CON, all doses of QCT decreased ammonia-N concentration. In conclusion, results from the present study showed that except for CNO, EO tested in the study had no effects on rumen CH4 production. Addition of CNO to rumen cultures at 125 and 250 mg/L reduced CH4 production without negative effects on rumen fermentation. Quebracho condensed tannin-extract supplementation had no effects on CH4 production and fermentation parameters except for ammonia-N concentration.

scholarly journals Utilization of a novel feedstuff: effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Dong ◽  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Siran Wang ◽  
Tao Shao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Tetraploid Black Locust

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (TBL). The TBL leaves silage was either untreated (control) or treated with 1 × 106 cfu/g FM Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), or a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). Fermentation quality, chemical composition and nutrient digestibility were then analyzed. Ethanol and acetic acid concentrations were the dominant fermentation products in all silages except L+M silage. The L, G and L+G treatments failed to influence the fermentation. The M treatment increased (P<0.05) the lactic acid concentration and lowered (P<0.05) the pH when compared with control silage. The best fermentation properties were observed in L+M silage, as indicated by the dominance of lactic acid over ethanol in fermentation products. The M and L+M silages exhibited higher (P<0.05) dry matter, and M silage showed higher residual water-soluble carbohydrates than the control. Ensiling increased (P<0.05) the in vitro dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability of TBL. Among the silages, M silage had the highest levels of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability. The obtained results suggested that application of lactic acid bacteria together with 3% molasses could be an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of ethanol fermentation and improve fermentation quality of TBL silage; addition of fermentable sugars to TBL improves nutrient availability to ruminants.

Effect of monensin on in vitro fermentation of maize starch by hindgut contents of cattle

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marounek ◽  
O. Petr ◽  
L. Machañová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

SUMMARYContents of the caecum and the colon of four steers and four cows fed concentrate-plus-roughage diets were obtained at an abattoir, transferred to the laboratory and incubated anaerobically with maize starch in the presence (10mg/l) or absence of monensin. Samples taken at the end of incubation were assayed for fermentation acids and methane production.Monensin significantly increased the molar percentage of propionate and decreased that of butyrate. Acetate percentage was not significantly influence by the addition of monensin. There was no consistent effect of monensin on total volatile fatty acid concentrations. Monensin decreased methanogenesis in all incubations. The production of methane was small, only 1 mmol/13–50 mmol of volatile fatty acid.

scholarly journals Effect Of Dietary Concentrate And Bypass Fat Supplements On In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, Digestibility And Rumen Microbial Population In Buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMIRUL FAIZ MOHD AZMI ◽  
A. Hafandi ◽  
Y. M. Goh ◽  
MOHD ZAMRI SAAD ◽  
A. B. Md ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Bypass Fat

Abstract Background: The effect of Brachiaria decumbens supplemented with concentrate and bypass fat ratio 100, 70:30, 70:15:15 (w/w) on nutritional composition, in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population in Murrah cross and Swamp buffaloes were investigated. Incubation were conducted using rumen fluid obtained from the breed of each buffalo which were fed the same based diet (100% Brachiaria decumbens). For the in vitro fermentation characteristic after 48h incubation, total gas production, pH, total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), apparent rumen degradable carbohydrate (ARDC), methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH 3) were determined. The molecular technique also was used to quantify rumen total bacteria, total protozoa, total methanogens, Fibrobacter succinogens and Ruminococcus albus.Results: The results revealed Diet C showed significantly highest in dry matter, crude fat, metabolized energy and optimum in crude protein and carbohydrate value while lower in crude fiber as compared to Diet B and Diet A (P<0.05). In both breed were showed parameters of gas production, total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and its proportion, and total microbial population were increased parallelly with the increase of 30% concentrate levels in Diet B, while Diet C was moderate with the presence of 4% bypass fat and 26% of concentrate (P<0.05). The methane concentration as well the total methanogens population increased significantly (P<0.05) in Diet B when compared among other diets, but no significant difference was found when comparing between buffalo species. Meanwhile, pH value was slightly decreased with the dietary supplementation in both breeds, but the population of cellulolytic bacteria was not affected.Conclusions: This study showed that dietary concentrate and bypass fat supplementation had improved nutritional composition, in vitro fermentation characteristics by increasing VFA concentration, altering total microbial population, and potentially used as new diet for buffaloes in Malaysia.

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