scholarly journals Supplementary prenatal copper increases plasma triiodothyronine and brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein-1 gene expression but depresses thermogenesis in newborn lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-514
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Smith ◽  
Craig R. Sweatt ◽  
Gordon E. Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Plasma Triiodothyronine

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that increasing dietary copper (Cu) to gravid ewes would enhance brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in their offspring.Methods: Twin-bearing ewes were assigned on d 70 of gestation to diets containing 3, 10, or 20 ppm dietary Cu (n = 8 per group). Twin lambs were assigned at birth to a cold (6°C) or warm (28°C) environmental chamber for 48 h. Blood was collected from ewes and from lambs and perirenal BAT was collected after 48 h in the environmental chambers.Results: Prenatal Cu exposure increased ewe plasma triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>) and thyroxine concentration (T<sub>4</sub>) (p<0.01) but prenatal Cu exposure had no effect on lamb plasma concentrations of T<sub>3</sub>, T<sub>4</sub>, glucose, or nonesterified fatty acid concentration (p≥0.08). The high level of prenatal Cu exposure depressed 48-h rectal temperature (p = 0.03). Cold exposure decreased BAT norepinephrine (NE) and increased BAT dopamine (p≤0.01), but prenatal Cu exposure had no effect on BAT cytochrome C oxidase activity or BAT NE or dopamine (p≥0.07). However, BAT of lambs from high-Cu ewes maintained higher uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene expression than BAT of lambs from low- and medium-Cu ewes following warm or cold exposure in environmental chambers (p = 0.02). Cold exposure caused near depletion of BAT lipid by 48 h (p<0.001), increased BAT cytochrome c oxidase activity (p< 0.01), and depressed plasma fatty acid concentrations (p<0.001).Conclusion: Although prenatal Cu exposure increased BAT UCP1 expression during warm and cold exposure, prenatal cold Cu exposure depressed 48-h rectal temperature. Cold exposure decreased BAT lipid content by over 80% and decreased lamb plasma fatty acid concentration by over 40%, indicating that fuel reserves for thermogenesis were nearly depleted by 48 h of cold exposure.

scholarly journals Blunted Expression of PPARa in Mice with FABP-4 and -5 Deficiency under Acute Cold Exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno ◽  
Mirasari Putri ◽  
Tatsuya Iso ◽  
Rini Widyastuti ◽  
Ramdan Panigoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acute Cold Exposure ◽  
Brown Adipose

Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is a nonshivering thermogenesis organ during cold exposure. Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARa) is the member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and primarily expressed in BAT and liver. PPARa is coordinated with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to regulate fatty acid metabolism in BAT. Fatty acid binding protein (FABP)-4 and-5 play role in adaptive response under fasting and cold exposure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of PPARa in mice with FABP4/5 deficiency (DKO). Wildtype (WT) and DKO mice were exposed to cold for 2 hours under fed or 20 hours-fasted conditions. BAT was collected and further mRNA level of PPARa was examined using quantitative real-time PCR. As the result, PPARa gene expression in WT mice were increased 50% and 100% in fed and fasted condition respectively after cold exposure. There was no alteration in PPARa expression in  BAT of DKO mice. As conclusion, The functional FABP-4 and -5 are necessary to modulate PPARa gene expression in Brown Adipose Tissue under acute cold exposure  Keywords: Acute cold exposure; FABP4; FABP5; Fasting  PPARa

Opposite Effects of Voluntary Physical Exercise on β3-Adrenergic Receptors in the White and Brown Adipose Tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (09) ◽  
pp. 608-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Balagova ◽  
Jan Graban ◽  
Agnesa Puhova ◽  
Daniela Jezova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Exercise Induced

AbstractCatecholamine effects via β3-adrenergic receptors are important for the metabolism of the adipose tissue. Physical exercise is a core component of antiobesity regimens. We have tested the hypothesis that voluntary wheel running results in enhancement of β3-adrenergic receptor gene expression in the white and brown adipose tissues. The secondary hypothesis is that dietary tryptophan depletion modifies metabolic effects of exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned for sedentary and exercise groups with free access to running wheels for 3 weeks. All animals received normal control diet for 7 days. Both groups were fed either by low tryptophan (0.04%) diet or by control diet (0.2%) for next 2 weeks. The β3-adrenergic receptor mRNA levels in response to running increased in the retroperitoneal and epididymal fat pads. The gene expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) was increased in the brown, while unchanged in the white fat tissues. Unlike control animals, the rats fed by low tryptophan diet did not exhibit a reduction of the white adipose tissue mass. Tryptophan depletion resulted in enhanced concentrations of plasma aldosterone and corticosterone, but had no influence on exercise-induced adrenal hypertrophy. No changes in β3-adrenergic receptor and cell proliferation measured by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation in left heart ventricle were observed. The reduced β3-adrenergic receptor but not enhanced uncoupling protein-1 gene expression supports the hypothesis on hypoactive brown adipose tissue during exercise. Reduction in dietary tryptophan had no major influence on the exercise-induced changes in the metabolic parameters measured.

scholarly journals PACAP is essential for the adaptive thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue to cold exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Diané ◽  
Nikolina Nikolic ◽  
Alexander P Rudecki ◽  
Shannon M King ◽  
Drew J Bowie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Thermogenic Response

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a widely distributed neuropeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, neurotropic factor, neuroprotectant, secretagogue,and neurohormone. Owing to its pleiotropic biological actions, knockout ofPacap(Adcyap1) has been shown to induce several abnormalities in mice such as impaired thermoregulation. However, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. A previous report has shown that cold-exposedPacapnull mice cannot supply appropriate levels of norepinephrine (NE) to brown adipocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous NE would rescue the impaired thermogenic response ofPacapnull mice during cold exposure. We compared the adaptive thermogenic capacity ofPacap−/−toPacap+/+mice in response to NE when housed at room temperature (24 °C) and after a 3.5-week cold exposure (4 °C). Biochemical parameters, expression of thermogenic genes, and morphological properties of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) were also characterized. Results showed that there was a significant effect of temperature, but no effect of genotype, on the resting metabolic rate in conscious, unrestrained mice. However, the normal cold-induced increase in the basal metabolic rate and NE-induced increase in thermogenesis were severely blunted in cold-exposedPacap−/−mice. These changes were associated with altered substrate utilization, reduced β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-Ar(Adrb3)) and hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl(Lipe)) gene expression, and increased fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2) gene expression in BAT. Interestingly,Pacap−/−mice had depleted WAT depots, associated with upregulated uncoupling protein 1 expression in inguinal WATs. These results suggest that the impairment of adaptive thermogenesis inPacapnull mice cannot be rescued by exogenous NE perhaps in part due to decreased β3-Ar-mediated BAT activation.

scholarly journals Increased expression level of ANGPTL8 in white adipose tissue under acute and chronic cold treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Arefanian ◽  
Irina Al-Khairi ◽  
Nermeen Abu Khalaf ◽  
Preethi Cherian ◽  
Sina Kavalakatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Brown Adipose

Abstract Background Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL), primarily 3, 4, and 8, play a major role in maintaining energy homeostasis by regulating triglyceride metabolism. This study evaluated the level of ANGPTL3, 4, and 8 in the liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SAT) of mice maintained under acute and chronic cold conditions. Methods C57BL/6J mice were exposed to cold temperature (4 °C) for 10 days with food provided ad libitum. Animal tissues were harvested at Day 0 (Control group, n = 5) and Days 1, 3, 5, and 10 (cold treatment groups, n = 10 per group). The expression levels of various genes were measured in the liver, SAT, and BAT. ANGPTL3, 4, and 8 expressions were measured in the liver. ANGPTL4, 8, and genes involved in browning and lipid metabolism [uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] were measured in SAT and BAT. Western blotting (WB) analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to confirm ANGPTL8 expression in these tissues. Results The expressions of ANGPTL3 and 8 mRNA were significantly reduced in mouse liver tissues after cold treatment (P < 0.05); however, the expression of ANGPTL4 was not significantly altered. In BAT, ANGPTL8 expression was unchanged after cold treatment, whereas ANGPTL4 expression was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). ANGPTL4 levels were also significantly reduced in SAT, whereas ANGPTL8 gene expression exhibited over a 5-fold increase. Similarly, UCP1 gene expression was also significantly increased in SAT. The mRNA levels of LPL and ATGL showed an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease with an increase in the days of cold exposure. ANGPTL8 protein overexpression was further confirmed by WB and IHC. Conclusions This study shows that exposure to acute and chronic cold treatment results in the differential expression of ANGPTL proteins in the liver and adipose tissues (SAT and BAT). The results show a significant reduction in ANGPTL4 in BAT, which is linked to improved thermogenesis in response to acute cold exposure. ANGPTL8 was activated under acute and chronic cold conditions in SAT, suggesting that it is involved in regulating lipolysis and enhancing SAT browning.

Photoperiodic regulation of gene expression in brown and white adipose tissue of Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. R114-R121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Robert R. Bowers ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness ◽  
Thomas W. Gettys
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Ribonuclease Protection Assay ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Brown Adipose

Siberian hamsters exhibit seasonal fluctuations in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, with peaks in long “summerlike” days (LDs) and nadirs in short “winterlike” days (SDs). These responses can be mimicked in the laboratory after transfer from LDs to SDs. The purpose of the present study was to test whether changes in WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) gene expression that are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system in other obesity models are also associated with seasonal adiposity changes in Siberian hamsters. SDs decreased WAT mass and leptin mRNA, increased WAT β3-adrenoceptor mRNA, and induced retroperitoneal WAT uncoupling protein-1 mRNA (the latter measured by RT-PCR, others measured by ribonuclease protection assay) while increasing BAT uncoupling protein-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 mRNAs. These effects were not due to SD-induced gonadal regression and largely occurred before the usual SD-induced decreases in food intake. Thus the SD-induced decreased adiposity of Siberian hamsters may be due to a coordinated suite of WAT and BAT gene transcription changes ultimately increasing lipid mobilization and utilization.

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