scholarly journals Metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance estimated by regression analysis of body weight gain or metabolizable energy intake in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1397-1406
Author(s):  
Hu Liu ◽  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Zhongchao Li ◽  
Yakui Li ◽  
Changhua Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

A comparative evaluation of functions for the analysis of growth in male broilers

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DARMANI KUHI ◽  
E. KEBREAB ◽  
S. LOPEZ ◽  
J. FRANCE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fixed Point ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
The Relationship

Data from six studies with male broilers fed diets covering a wide range of energy and protein were used in the current two analyses. In the first analysis, five models, specifically re-parameterized for analysing energy balance data, were evaluated for their ability to determine metabolizable energy intake at maintenance and efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy intake for producing gain. In addition to the straight line, two types of functional form were used. They were forms describing (i) diminishing returns behaviour (monomolecular and rectangular hyperbola) and (ii) sigmoidal behaviour with a fixed point of inflection (Gompertz and logistic). These models determined metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance to be in the range 437–573 kJ/kg of body weight/day depending on the model. The values determined for average net energy requirement for body weight gain varied from 7·9 to 11·2 kJ/g of body weight. These values show good agreement with previous studies. In the second analysis, three types of function were assessed as candidates for describing the relationship between body weight and cumulative metabolizable energy intake. The functions used were: (a) monomolecular (diminishing returns behaviour), (b) Gompertz (smooth sigmoidal behaviour with a fixed point of inflection) and (c) Lopez, France and Richards (diminishing returns and sigmoidal behaviour with a variable point of inflection). The results of this analysis demonstrated that equations capable of mimicking the law of diminishing returns describe accurately the relationship between body weight and cumulative metabolizable energy intake in broilers.

scholarly journals Effects of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for 2 Weeks on 24-h Circulating Leptin Profiles, Ad Libitum Food Intake and Body Weight in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree M. Sigala ◽  
Adrianne M. Widaman ◽  
Bettina Hieronimus ◽  
Marinelle V. Nunez ◽  
Vivien Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Sugar-sweetened beverage (sugar-SB) consumption is associated with body weight gain. We investigated whether the changes of (Δ) circulating leptin contribute to weight gain and ad libitum food intake in young adults consuming sugar-SB for two weeks. In a parallel, double-blinded, intervention study, participants (n = 131; BMI 18–35 kg/m2; 18–40 years) consumed three beverages/day containing aspartame or 25% energy requirement as glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or sucrose (n = 23–28/group). Body weight, ad libitum food intake and 24-h leptin area under the curve (AUC) were assessed at Week 0 and at the end of Week 2. The Δbody weight was not different among groups (p = 0.092), but the increases in subjects consuming HFCS- (p = 0.0008) and glucose-SB (p = 0.018) were significant compared with Week 0. Subjects consuming sucrose- (+14%, p < 0.0015), fructose- (+9%, p = 0.015) and HFCS-SB (+8%, p = 0.017) increased energy intake during the ad libitum food intake trial compared with subjects consuming aspartame-SB (−4%, p = 0.0037, effect of SB). Fructose-SB decreased (−14 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.0006) and sucrose-SB increased (+25 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.025 vs. Week 0; p = 0.0008 vs. fructose-SB) 24-h leptin AUC. The Δad libitum food intake and Δbody weight were not influenced by circulating leptin in young adults consuming sugar-SB for 2 weeks. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms mediating increased energy intake in subjects consuming sugar-SB.

Effect of energy intake on the performance of different types of pig from 45 to 100 kg body weight. 2. Tissue gain

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Quiniou ◽  
J. Noblet ◽  
J.-Y. Dourmad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe effect of energy supply on physical composition of body weight gain between 45 and 100 kg was studied in Large White castrated males (cLW), crossbred Pietrain × Large White castrated males (cPPX) and boars (bPPX). The pigs were either given food ad libitum and kept in individual pens in experiment 1, or allocated to four energy levels (0·70, 0·80, 0·90, and 1·00 ad libitum) and kept in metabolism cages in experiment 2. Daily protein supplies were calculated to be the same at the four energy levels within each type of pig and non-limiting for growth. Five additional animals for each type of pig were slaughtered at 45 kg. Daily tissue gain was measured according to the comparative slaughter technique. The daily lean gain increased with metabolizable energy (ME) intake according to a linear-plateau relationship whereas the daily fat gain increased linearly. The type of pig significantly affected the slope of the relationship between lean gain and ME intake (from 15 to 22 g per extra MJ ME) but not the slope of the relationship between fat gain and ME intake (10 g per extra MJ ME on average). Increased energy intake was associated with increased fatness of body-weight gain, which was higher in cLW and cPP× than in bPP×.

scholarly journals Individual housing of male C57BL/6J mice after weaning impairs growth and predisposes for obesity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidewij Schipper ◽  
Steffen van Heijningen ◽  
Giorgio Karapetsas ◽  
Eline M. van der Beek ◽  
Gertjan van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Obesogenic Diet

AbstractIndividual housing from weaning onwards resulted in reduced growth rate during adolescence in male C57Bl/6J mice that were housed individually, while energy intake and energy expenditure were increased compared to socially housed counterparts. At 6 weeks of age, these mice had reduced lean body mass, but significantly higher white adipose tissue mass compared to socially housed mice. Body weight gain of individually housed animals exceeded that of socially housed mice during adulthood, with elevations in both energy intake and expenditure. At 18 weeks of age, individually housed mice showed higher adiposity and higher mRNA expression of UCP-1 in inguinal white adipose tissue. Exposure to an obesogenic diet starting at 6 weeks of age further amplified body weight gain and adipose tissue deposition. This study shows that post-weaning individual housing of male mice results in impaired adolescent growth and higher susceptibility to obesity in adulthood. Mice are widely used to study obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. For (metabolic) research models using mice, (social) housing practices should be carefully considered and regarded as a potential confounder due to their modulating effect on metabolic health outcomes.

scholarly journals Efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for body weight gain in pasture-based, nonlactating dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 4639-4648 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Mandok ◽  
J.K. Kay ◽  
S.L. Greenwood ◽  
J.P. McNamara ◽  
M. Crookenden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy

Energy intake and patterns of growth for male and female fallow deer of two genotypes, between 10 and 21 months of age

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
R.C. Mulley ◽  
G.W. Asher ◽  
J.S. Flesh ◽  
K.T. O’Neill ◽  
J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractEuropean (no. = 36) and hybrid (¼ Mesopotamian, ¾ European; no. = 36) fallow deer (Dama dama) were evaluated for weight gain and energy intake from 10 to 21 months of age. Twelve each of bucks, does and castrated males (haviers) were tested for each genotype, in both concentrate-fed and pasture-based feeding systems. Based on weekly weighing hybrids (H) in each of the sex classes grew more rapidly (5 g/day across all groups) than the European (E) fallow deer (P < 0·05). Haviers given concentrates grew significantly faster than pasture-fed haviers (P < 0·01), whilst does grown on pasture grew significantly faster than those given concentrates (P < 0·01). There was no significant difference in pattern of growth between bucks on pasture and those given concentrates (P > 0·05). Does grew significantly less (P < 0·01) than bucks and haviers in spring, summer and winter but environmental differences between years could not be accounted for in the analysis.Animals of all sexes and genotypes experienced rapid growth from 10 to 12 months of age (spring) and this was associated with energy intakes according to metabolic body weight (M0·75) these ranging between 0·8 and 1·1 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg M0·75 per day. There were significantly (P < 0·01) higher levels of energy consumed by H does and haviers in the summer, compared with their E counterparts but this was not associated with greater growth rates. However, H does had significantly higher (P < 0·01) dressing proportions at slaughter than E does. The energy intake on a metabolic body weight basis for most groups declined to between 0·7 and 0·8 MJ ME per kg M0·75 per day from 12 to 21 months of age, except for the does, which declined even further to between 0·5 and 0·6 MJ ME per kg M0·75 per day from 17 months of age.There were no significant differences between E and H deer for energy intakes per M0·75, and H deer were slightly more energy efficient than their E counterparts in terms of growth rate in relation to annual gross energy intake. The food intake : weight gain ratio increased considerably for both genotypes after 14 months of age, indicating the desirability for slaughtering as soon as animals reach the target live weight. It was concluded that the crossbreeding system described is production efficient and produced offspring that reached slaughter weight sooner than E fallow deer and thereby produced carcasses with a greater wholesale value than their E counterparts of the same age.

Fish-meal supplementation of grass silage offered to young steers: Effects on growth, body composition and nutrient efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SANDERSON ◽  
M. S. DHANOA ◽  
C. THOMAS ◽  
A. B. McALLAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nitrogen Intake

Growth and efficiencies of nitrogen and energy utilization for growth by 72 young British Friesian steers (initial live weight (LW) 110 kg) offered a well preserved, formic acid-treated, perennial ryegrass silage with and without supplements of fish meal were examined. Silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50, 100 or 150 g fish meal/kg silage dry matter (DM) and each diet was offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM/kg LW/day. Treatments were imposed over a period of 132 days. Body component weight gains were determined by comparative slaughter.Increasing the level of either feeding or fish meal increased rates of empty body weight gain linearly (P<0·001) and curvilinearly (P<0·05) respectively. Fish-meal supplementation increased rates of ash and crude protein gain (P<0·001) but, in comparison with the curvilinear response to increasing level of feeding (P<0·001), had small linear effects on fat gain (P>0·01). Consequently, in terms of whole body composition, animals given fish meal were leaner than animals offered silage alone. Fish-meal supplementation had no significant effect on the composition of the carcass but increased the concentration of protein in the liver and gastrointestinal tract.The increase in nitrogen intake associated with feeding fish meal resulted in a reduction in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization as level of fish meal increased. Nitrogen intake required for maintenance was estimated to be 1·054 g/kg LW0·75. In spite of marked differences in the composition of the empty body-weight gain, there was no evidence to support an effect of fish meal on the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization for growth (kf) which was estimated to be 0·346 on the basis of data scaled by LW0·75. ME intake required for maintenance (MEm) was estimated to be 0·536 and 0·502 MJ/kg LW0·75 for silage alone and the 150 g fish-meal level respectively.

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