scholarly journals Study on the Changes in Enzyme and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Concentrations in Blood Serum and Growth Characteristics of Velvet Antler during the Antler Growth Period in Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyun Park ◽  
Byongtae Jeon ◽  
Sungki Kang ◽  
Mirae Oh ◽  
Myonghwa Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Velvet Antler

Effects of dietary protein levels on production performance and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in sika deer

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuhe Yang ◽  
Xiuhua Gao ◽  
Guangyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Antler Growth

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary protein levels on the performance of sika deer. Twenty-four male sika deer were randomly assigned into three treatments, where they were fed a diet containing either 12, 16 or 20% crude protein (CP). During the antler growth period the average bodyweight gain in 12, 16 and 20% CP levels was 17.3, 19.9 and 14.4 kg, respectively; antler yield was 2224, 2518 and 2246 g, respectively. A significant positive relationship (P < 0.01) was found between serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concentration and bodyweight gain (P < 0.01) and antler yield (P < 0.01), using the regression equations: bodyweight gain (kg) = 0.06IGF-1 (ng/mL) – 52.14 (R2 = 0.69, n = 8) and antler yield (g) = 3.55IGF-1 (ng/mL) – 1659.4 (R2 = 0.77, n = 8), respectively. We concluded that 16% dietary protein was optimal for bodyweight gain and antler yield during the antler growth period in the sika deer.

Effect of antler growth period on the chemical composition of velvet antler in sika deer (Cervus nippon)

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byongtae Jeon ◽  
Sungjin Kim ◽  
Sangmoo Lee ◽  
Pyojam Park ◽  
Siheung Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Velvet Antler

scholarly journals Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Serum Metabolites and the Rumen Bacterial Community of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huazhe Si ◽  
Hanlu Liu ◽  
Weixiao Nan ◽  
Guangyu Li ◽  
Zhipeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

Velvet antler is a regeneration organ of sika deer (Cervus nippon) and an important Chinese medicine, and nutrient metabolism affects its growth. Here, we investigated the effects of arginine supplementation on antler growth, serum biochemical indices, and the rumen bacterial community of sika deer during the antler growth period. Fifteen male sika deer (6 years old) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups, which were supplemented with 0 (n = 5, CON), 2.5 (n = 5, LArg), or 5.0 g/d (n = 5, HArg) L-arginine. The IGF-1, ALT and AST concentrations in the serum of LArg sika deer were significantly higher than those in the serum of CON (P &lt; 0.05) and HArg deer (P &lt; 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant in the rumen of sika deer among the three groups. Comparison of alpha diversities showed that the ACE and Chao1 indices significantly increased in the LArg and HArg groups compared with those in the CON group. PCoA and ANOSIM results showed that the bacterial community was significantly changed between the CON and LArg groups. Moreover, the relative abundances of Fibrobacter spp. and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 increased, but those of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium 1 decreased in the LArg and HArg groups compared with those in the CON group. Additionally, the relative abundances of 19 OTUs were significantly different between the LArg and HArg groups. These results revealed that arginine supplementation affected the sika deer rumen bacterial community and serum biochemical indices.

scholarly journals Progress on nutritional requirements of deer farmed for velvet production in China

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Gao Xiuhua ◽  
Yang Fuhe ◽  
L.I. Chunyi ◽  
D.R. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Velvet Antler ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Research in China has shown a marked variation in the energy and protein requirements of sika deer (Cervus nippon) for velvet antler production as the stag grows. Information includes energy and protein requirements for male sika deer throughout their life and pregnant and lactating females. Estimates of energy utilization and methane production are also included. Protein requirements during early growth and development of the stag are high, while they decline as the stag ages. Protein requirements during velvet antler growth are higher than during other times of year. The maintenance energy requirements of the male sika deer of 0.52 MJME/ kgBW0.75 are similar to those estimated for red deer. The Chinese system of reporting gross energy, digestible energy and digestible protein requirements has been converted into metabolisable energy requirements and diet protein concentrations for the New Zealand feeding system to aid interpretation. Keywords: Cervus nippon, deer, energy, feed requirements, methane, protein, sika, velvet antler

scholarly journals Changes of Chemical Composition in Blood Serum during the Antler Growth Period in Spotted Deer (Cervus nippon)

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1298-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Jeon ◽  
M. H. Kim ◽  
S. M. Lee ◽  
David G. Thomas ◽  
S. H. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Spotted Deer

Characteristics of first-antler growth in reindeer and their association with seasonal fluctuations in steroid and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2096-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Blake ◽  
J E Rowell ◽  
J M Suttie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Measurable Growth

Growth and development of the pedicles and first antlers were monitored in seven reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves (three males, four females) from birth to 1 year of age. Calves were weighed, blood was sampled, and antler observations and (or) measurements were taken on the day of birth and days 2, 4, and 7 and then at weekly intervals for the remainder of the year. Prior to measurable growth, the frontal lateral crest was carefully palpated for evidence of pedicle initiation, starting on the day of birth. Calves were born between April 8 and 26, 1994. Pedicle initiation occurred in all reindeer by day 7. Velvet skin first appeared when calves were 4-6 weeks old, when estimated pedicle height was 3.5 ± 0.9 cm (mean ± SD). Antler growth in both sexes followed a sigmoidal pattern, producing a mean antler length of 33.5 ± 4.2 and 46.7 ± 13.8 cm in females and males, respectively. Antler growth was complete by week 18 in females and week 21 in males. Velvet cleaning was associated with a significant increase in plasma testosterone levels in males and estradiol-17beta (but not testosterone) levels in females. Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were significantly higher in males than in females and were positively correlated with the period of most rapid antler growth in both sexes. Casting occurred between March 14 and April 17, when steroid levels were at a minimum, and was immediately followed by growth of the second antler.

scholarly journals Sika deer (Cervus nippon) velvet antler extract attenuates prostate cancer in xenograft model

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiao Tang ◽  
Meiqi Fan ◽  
Young-Jin Choi ◽  
Yonghai Yu ◽  
Gang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Velvet Antler
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