scholarly journals Effects of yeast hydrolysate supplementation on intestinal morphology, barrier, and anti-inflammatory functions of broilers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Kang Cheng ◽  
QiMing Li ◽  
Tian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Yeast Hydrolysate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Review: β-glucans as Effective Antibiotic Alternatives in Poultry

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Betty Schwartz ◽  
Vaclav Vetvicka
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The occurrence of microbial challenges in commercial poultry farming causes significant economic losses. Antibiotics have been used to control diseases involving bacterial infection in poultry. As the incidence of antibiotic resistance turns out to be a serious problem, there is increased pressure on producers to reduce antibiotic use. With the reduced availability of antibiotics, poultry producers are looking for feed additives to stimulate the immune system of the chicken to resist microbial infection. Some β-glucans have been shown to improve gut health, to increase the flow of new immunocytes, increase macrophage function, stimulate phagocytosis, affect intestinal morphology, enhance goblet cell number and mucin-2 production, induce the increased expression of intestinal tight-junctions, and function as effective anti-inflammatory immunomodulators in poultry. As a result, β-glucans may provide a new tool for producers trying to reduce or eliminate the use of antibiotics in fowl diets. The specific activity of each β-glucan subtype still needs to be investigated. Upon knowledge, optimal β-glucan mixtures may be implemented in order to obtain optimal growth performance, exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity, and optimized intestinal morphology and histology responses in poultry. This review provides an extensive overview of the current use of β glucans as additives and putative use as antibiotic alternative in poultry.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects ofEucommia ulmoidesFlavones Using Diquat-Challenged Piglet Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daixiu Yuan ◽  
Tarique Hussain ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
Peng Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Histopathological Score

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects ofEucommia ulmoidesflavones (EUF) using diquat-challenged piglet models. A total of 96 weaned piglets were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatments with 8 replication pens per treatment and 4 piglets per pen. The treatments were basal diet, basal diet + diquat, and 100 mg/kg EUF diet + diquat. On day 7 after the initiation of treatment, the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with diquat at 8 mg/kg BW or the same amount of sterilized saline. The experiment was conducted for 21 days. EUF supplementation improved the growth performance of diquat-treated piglets from day 14 to 21. Diquat also induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and then impaired intestinal morphology. But EUF addition alleviated these negative effects induced by diquat that showed decreasing serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines but increasing antioxidant indexes and anti-inflammatory cytokines on day 14. Supplementation of EUF also increased villi height and villous height, crypt depth, but decreased the histopathological score and MPO activity compared with those of diquat-challenged pigs fed with the basal diet on day 14. Results indicated that EUF attenuated the inflammation and oxidative stress of piglets caused by diquat injection.

scholarly journals Positive Influence of a Probiotic Mixture on the Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota of Farmed Guinea Fowls (Numida meleagris)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livio Galosi ◽  
Salvatore Desantis ◽  
Alessandra Roncarati ◽  
Patrizia Robino ◽  
Alessandro Bellato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Stability And Resilience ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

To understand the effectiveness of a probiotic mixture on intestinal morphology, mucus layer composition, and cecal microbiota diversity, 40 10-day-old Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) were assigned to two groups: the control group (C), receiving drinking water, and the treated group (P), receiving water plus a commercial multi-strain probiotic (Slab51®, 2 × 1011 CFU/L). Birds were slaughtered after 4 months, and the intestines were collected. Samples from the duodenum, ileum, and cecum were processed for morphological and morphometric studies, and conventional glycohistochemistry. Cecal samples were also used to assess the microbiota by 16S metataxonomic approach. Group P showed significant increase in the villus height (p < 0.001 in the duodenum and p < 0.05 in the ileum and cecum), villus width (p < 0.05 in all investigated tracts), depth of crypts (p < 0.001 in the duodenum and cecum; p < 0.05 in the ileum), and goblet cells per villus (p < 0.001 in all investigated tracts) compared with group C. Cecal microbiota of the birds varied considerably and comparing the relative abundance of the main observational taxonomic units (OTUs), a positive enrichment of several beneficial taxa, such as Oscillospira, Eubacterium, Prevotella, and members of the Ruminococcaceae, was observed. The enrichment of those taxa can improve microbiota stability and resilience facing environmental stresses, enhancing its resistance against invading pathogens. Ruminococcaceae, which represent the most important taxon in both groups, and Prevotella have a key role in the gut physiology due to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are a vital energy source for enterocytes, improve glucose metabolism, and exert an overall anti-inflammatory effect. Probiotic administration enriches the presence of Coprococcus, Oscillospira, and Eubacterium taxa that produce butyrate, which exerts a beneficial effect on growth performance, structure of villi, and pathogen control and has anti-inflammatory properties too. This study indicates that Slab51® supplementation positively affects the morphology and microbiota diversity of the guinea fowl intestine.

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