scholarly journals Characterization of the bacterial microbiota across the different intestinal segments of the Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xungang Wang ◽  
Linyong Hu ◽  
Hongjin Liu ◽  
Tianwei Xu ◽  
Na Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Segments

scholarly journals Butyrophilin-like 2 regulates site-specific adaptations of intestinal γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casandra Panea ◽  
Ruoyu Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey VanValkenburgh ◽  
Min Ni ◽  
Christina Adler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Homeostatic Proliferation ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Repertoire Diversity

AbstractTissue-resident γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses to maintain intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Epithelia-specific butyrophilin-like (Btnl) molecules induce perinatal development of distinct Vγ TCR+ IELs, however, the mechanisms that control γδ IEL maintenance within discrete intestinal segments are unclear. Here, we show that Btnl2 suppressed homeostatic proliferation of γδ IELs preferentially in the ileum. High throughput transcriptomic characterization of site-specific Btnl2-KO γδ IELs reveals that Btnl2 regulated the antimicrobial response module of ileal γδ IELs. Btnl2 deficiency shapes the TCR specificities and TCRγ/δ repertoire diversity of ileal γδ IELs. During DSS-induced colitis, Btnl2-KO mice exhibit increased inflammation and delayed mucosal repair in the colon. Collectively, these data suggest that Btnl2 fine-tunes γδ IEL frequencies and TCR specificities in response to site-specific homeostatic and inflammatory cues. Hence, Btnl-mediated targeting of γδ IEL development and maintenance may help dissect their immunological functions in intestinal diseases with segment-specific manifestations.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity of Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV) in Specific Pathogen-Free Chicks Infected Experimentally

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Luis Fabian N. Nuñez ◽  
Silvana H. Santander-Parra ◽  
David I. De la Torre ◽  
Lilian R. M. de Sá ◽  
Marcos R. Buim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Experimental Challenge

Chicken parvovirus (ChPV) is an agent frequently associated with runting stunting syndrome (RSS). This syndrome has been reported in association with ChPV in many countries, including Brazil; however, studies characterizing the virus on a molecular level are scarce, and ChPV pathogenicity in day-old chicks remains unclear. The aim of the present work was to establish the molecular characteristics of ChPV, determine the pathogenicity of ChPV in SPF chicks and detect and quantify ChPV by qPCR in several tissues and chicks of different ages. The experimental challenge was performed at one day of age, and daily and weekly observations were performed and five birds from each experimental group (mock and infected birds) were euthanized to perform the different analysis. ChPV genome copies were detected and quantified by qPCR in gut, spleen, thymus, kidney, pancreas, proventriculus and bursa. Clinically, the infected group presented with diarrhea 24 h post-infection, which persisted until 42 days of age. The small intestine was distended, and its contents were aqueous and foamy. Enteritis and dilated crypts with cyst shapes were observed in intestinal segments. Acute pancreatitis associated with lymphocytic nodules, infiltrating lymphocytes and plasma cells between the pancreatic acinus was observed. Koch’s postulate was demonstrated and the genetic characterization of the VP1 gene showed that the Brazilian ChPV isolate belongs to the ChPV II group.

scholarly journals Characterization of bacterial microbiota compositions along the intestinal tract in pigs and their interactions and functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo ◽  
Jordi Estellé ◽  
Manuel Revilla ◽  
Lourdes Criado-Mesas ◽  
Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota

scholarly journals Characterization of Cutaneous Bacterial Microbiota from Superficial Pyoderma Forms in Atopic Dogs

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Caitlin E. Older ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann ◽  
Kathleen Hoover ◽  
Frane Banovic
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Although Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is considered the major pathogen associated with superficial canine pyoderma, no study has investigated the entire bacterial community in these lesions with molecular techniques. The objectives of this study were to characterize the bacterial microbiota in two forms of superficial canine pyoderma lesions, superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF) and epidermal collarette (EC), especially in terms of the staphylococcal community. Swabs from 12 SBF and 9 EC lesions were obtained from eight and six atopic dogs, respectively. Eight samples from the axilla and groin of four healthy dogs served as controls. DNA was extracted for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of Staphylococcus spp. and S. pseudintermedius. Healthy skin samples harbored significantly more diverse bacterial communities than pyoderma samples. Healthy samples had communities that were more similar to each other, and were distinct from pyoderma samples. Staphylococcus spp. abundance was increased in pyoderma samples, especially those from EC samples. Although determining species-level identities of staphylococcal sequences revealed many species, S. pseudintermedius was the primary staphylococcal species found in all sample types. As expected, there are many differences in the microbiota when comparing healthy and canine pyoderma lesions samples. These lesions do not seem to be associated with a change in the relative abundance of specific Staphylococcus species, but simply an overall increase in Staphylococcus spp. abundance. The results of this study provide a starting point for future studies investigating how antimicrobial treatments may further change the microbiota associated with these lesions.

scholarly journals Characterization of bacterial communities of rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Early Zhukovsky potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02050
Author(s):  
Marat Lutfulin ◽  
Darya Zaripova ◽  
Oksana Moiseeva ◽  
Semen Vologin ◽  
Ayslu Mardanova
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
16S R Rna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

Identification of patterns of formation of bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), the most important agricultural crop, is necessary for the introduction and maintenance of sustainable organic farming. The purpose of this work was the study of the biodiversity of the bacterial microbiota of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Early Zhukovsky potato, cultivated on gray forest soils. Comparative analysis based on sequencing of the 16S R RNA gene showed a significant difference in the representation of different groups of bacteria in these potato root compartments. Thus, the proportions of the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of the Proteobacteria phylum reach 47.66% ± 7.22 % and 86.35 % ± 0.53%, respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, the representation of phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the rhizosphere is significantly higher and reaches 41.45 % ± 10.42% and 6.49 % ± 3.23%, respectively, compared to the rhizoplane (7.84 % ± 1.24 % and 0.43 % ± 0.48 %, (P < 0.05). At the same time, Actinobacteria phylum bacteria are present in both compartments in approximately equal amounts (4.40 % ± 1.81% in the rhizosphere and 5.37 % ± 1.42% in the rhizoplane). Thus, it was found that potato forms different bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane in quantitative proportions, which is probably determined by the functional role of these microorganisms in the plant physiology.

Methanogen community in Zoige wetland of Tibetan plateau and phenotypic characterization of a dominant uncultured methanogen cluster ZC-I

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1850-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guishan Zhang ◽  
Jianqing Tian ◽  
Na Jiang ◽  
Xiaopeng Guo ◽  
Yanfen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Methanogen Community ◽  
Zoige Wetland
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