scholarly journals Community pharmacy naloxone supply, before and after rescheduling as an over‐the‐counter drug: sales and prescriptions data, 2014–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 212 (7) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Wai Chung Tse ◽  
Paul Sanfilippo ◽  
Tina Lam ◽  
Paul Dietze ◽  
Suzanne Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Drug Sales ◽  
Before And After

Consumer Awareness, Reaction and Satisfaction of Over-the-Counter Drug Sales Regulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-183
Author(s):  
Hae Kyung Yang ◽  
◽  
Hyun Jung Yoo ◽  
Hyejung Cheon ◽  
Sangmin Jun
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Drug Sales

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation Services by Community Pharmacists: Real-World Practice in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11890
Author(s):  
Sunee Lertsinudom ◽  
Pentipa Kaewketthong ◽  
Tamonwan Chankaew ◽  
Dujrudee Chinwong ◽  
Surarong Chinwong
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P Value ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

This study aimed to report the effectiveness of community pharmacy smoking cessation services in 13 health regions in Thailand using a retrospective data-collecting method from the Foundation of Community Pharmacy database. The participants were smokers aged at least 18 years. The outcomes were the abstinence of smoking at least 30 consecutive days by self-report only and self-report with exhaled CO level <7 ppm (if available), the number of cigarettes smoked daily, exhaled carbon monoxide (exhaled CO), and % peak expiratory flow rate (%PEFR); smokers measured these outcomes before and after receiving the smoking cessation services. Of 58 community pharmacies, 532 smokers (93% male, mean age of 42.4 ± 14.9 years) received smoking cessation services from community pharmacists. Of 235 smokers with complete data, 153 (28.8%, 153/532) smokers reported smoking abstinence by self-report. The mean number of cigarettes smoked daily reduced from 15.3 ± 8.7 to 1.9 ± 3.8 cigarettes, p-value < 0.001. The exhaled CO levels of smokers significantly reduced from 11.7 ± 5.9 ppm to 7.2 ± 4.4 ppm, p-value < 0.001. The %PEFR also significantly increased from 84.2 ± 19.4 to 89.5 ± 19.5, p-value < 0.001. In conclusion, Thai community pharmacy smoking cessation services could aid smokers to quit smoking. This study is the outcome of the real-world community pharmacy smoking cessation service; policymakers should consider this service to be included in the national healthcare policy.

Links between Employment and Crime: A Qualitative Study of Rikers Island Releasees

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Sviridoff ◽  
James W. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Drug Sales ◽  
Unemployment And Crime ◽  
Before And After

This paper examines relationships between employment and crime experiences of sixty-one adult, male misdemeanants interviewed shortly before and after their release from New York City's Rikers Island correctional facility. For many misdemeanants, low-level employment and crime were not mutually exclusive. Some alternated between periods of employment and periods of crime. Others used income from crime as a supplement to income from employment. Still others used income from employment as an economic stake for drug sales or other illegitimate econormc activity. The overwhelming majority of respondents were not employed at the time of the arrest that led to their current incarceration. Various reported combinations of employment and crime involvement, however, were far more complex than the simple correspondence between unemployment and crime that had initially been anticipated.

Reported Likelihood of Reading Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medication Labeling and Contacting a Physician

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 1452-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deane B. Cheatham ◽  
Michael S. Wogalter
Keyword(s):  
Reading Behaviors ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Medication Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Time ◽  
Status Differences

The present research examined the extent to which consumers reported reading information on over-the-counter (OTC) packaging and labels. Two studies consisting of a total of 652 participants were conducted. Study 1 participants completed a survey in which they reported their OTC medication behaviors in terms of saving the packaging from the medication and the likelihood that they would contact a physician with OTC medication questions. In Study 2, participants completed a survey in which they reported the likelihood of reading information on the medication packaging and label both before and after using the product the first time. Results indicated that participants frequently discard the box after using medication and rarely call a physician with questions regarding OTC medications. Findings also indicated that information is more likely to be read prior to using medication than afterwards. Age, sex, and student status differences in reading behaviors were also found. Implications for the delivery of OTC medication information are discussed.

scholarly journals Análise da eficácia de dentifrícios clareadores e seus efeitos na superfície dental: um estudo in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Eduardo Monteiro Toschi ◽  
Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow ◽  
Luísa Weber Mercado ◽  
Rafael Melara ◽  
Sandra Liana Henz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Color System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Tooth whitening can be performed at the dental office, at-home or upon the use of OTC (Over-the-Counter) products. Among the latter, there are whitening toothpastes that promise to bleach and to prevent tooth staining. Objectives: (1) to investigate the bleaching and abrasive potential of different whitening dentifrices to enamel; and (2) to evaluate the effect of Oral-B 3D White Perfection® (Oral-B) toothpaste in preventing staining. Materials and Methods: Bovine enamel samples were stained and brushed for 14 days with water (negative control) or with different products: Colgate Total 12® (control), Oral-B, Sensodyne Branqueador Extra Fresh® (Sensodyne), and Colgate Luminous White Advanced® (Colgate). Oral-B was also tested before and after staining. The samples were tested by their color (spectrophotometer) and surface roughness (profilometer). Color change (ΔDE00) was calculated using the CIEDE2000 color system. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, SNK, and Mann-Whitney tests (ɑ=5%). Results: The negative control showed the lowest ΔE00 (p

scholarly journals Study protocol for a feasibility trial in community pharmacy of a personalised behaviour change intervention to reduce reliever reliance and overuse in individuals with asthma.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Foot ◽  
Kebede Beyene ◽  
Rob Horne ◽  
James Fingleton ◽  
Jeff Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Patient Beliefs ◽  
Pharmacy Intervention ◽  
Before And After

Abstract BackgroundIn patients with asthma, over-reliance and overuse of short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) is common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Patient beliefs are a key driver of inappropriate reliever use. A recently developed, brief, online intervention has been shown to identify and shift patient beliefs that drive inappropriate reliever use. Whether this intervention works to shift beliefs in individuals with asthma when delivered by community pharmacists is unknown. ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a brief community pharmacist-delivered behavior change intervention, and its effect on beliefs about SABA and SABA use in patients with asthma. MethodsThis is a non-randomised, before- and after- study of 120 individuals aged 18 years and older, prescribed a SABA for their asthma symptoms, presenting to one of two enrolled community pharmacies in Auckland, New Zealand. At enrolment, all participants will complete the SABA Reliance Questionnaire (SRQ), Asthma Control Test and 5-item Medication Adherence Report Scale via an online survey platform. Control participants will receive usual asthma care from their community pharmacy. Intervention participants will receive the intervention to shift any misplaced beliefs about SABA, comprising the SRQ to identify individual beliefs about SABA, then personalized information and discussion between pharmacist and patient based on the specific responses to the questionnaires. Those on SABA monotherapy and/or are at risk of SABA overuse will be referred to the general practitioner. Effect on beliefs about SABA and actual SABA use will be assessed by the SRQ and dispensing records, respectively. Feasibility will be evaluated through participant recruitment and retention rates, intervention fidelity, appropriateness and procedures of outcome measures pre- and post-intervention, and acceptability by obtaining feedback from participants (both patients and pharmacists) on the intervention.

“Over-the-counter” cannabidiol (CBD) sold in the community pharmacy setting in Colorado

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 573-582
Author(s):  
Leticia A. Shea ◽  
Megan Leeds ◽  
Doan Bui ◽  
Mayda Mujica ◽  
Marlee Poupard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

scholarly journals Over-The-Counter Codeine: Can Community Pharmacy Staff Nudge Customers into Its Safe and Appropriate Use?

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Sapana Mody ◽  
Charlotte L. Kirkdale ◽  
Tracey Thornley ◽  
Aimi Dickinson ◽  
Anthony J. Avery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Web Based

The misuse of opioids, including codeine which is sold over-the-counter (OTC) in United Kingdom (UK) community pharmacies, is a growing public health concern. An educational Patient Safety Card was developed and piloted to see if it nudged customers into the safe and appropriate use of OTC codeine. Exploratory analysis was conducted by (i) recording quantitative interactions for people requesting OTC codeine in community pharmacies; and (ii) a web-based pharmacy staff survey. Twenty-four pharmacies submitted data on 3993 interactions using the Patient Safety Card. Staff found the majority of interactions (91.3%) to be very or quite easy. Following an interaction using the card, customers known to pharmacy staff as frequent purchasers of OTC codeine were more likely not to purchase a pain relief medicine compared to customers not known to staff (5.5% of known customers did not purchase any pain relief product versus 1.1% for unknown customers (χ2 = 41.73, df = 1, p < 0.001)). These results support both the use of a visual educational intervention to encourage appropriate use of OTC codeine in community pharmacy and the principles behind better self-care.

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