scholarly journals Iodine status of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous young adults in the Top End, before and after mandatory fortification

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmeet R Singh ◽  
Belinda Davison ◽  
Gary Y Ma ◽  
Creswell J Eastman ◽  
Dorothy EM Mackerras
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Are the Acute Effects of THC Different in Aging Adults?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Raeghan L. Mueller ◽  
Jarrod M. Ellingson ◽  
L. Cinnamon Bidwell ◽  
Angela D. Bryan ◽  
Kent E. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aging Adults

In recent years of expanding legalization, older adults have reported the largest increase in cannabis use of any age group. While its use has been studied extensively in young adults, little is known about the effects of THC in older adults and whether the risks of cannabis might be different, particularly concerning intoxication and cognition. The current study investigated whether age is associated with the deleterious effects of THC on cognitive performance and other behavioral measures before and after ad libitum self-administration of three different types of cannabis flower (THC dominant, THC + CBD, and CBD dominant). Age groups consisted of young adults (ages 21–25) and older adults (ages 55–70). Controlling for pre-use scores on all measures, the THC dominant chemovar produced a greater deleterious effect in younger adults compared with older adults in tests of learning and processing speed, whereas there were no differences between old and young in the effects of the other chemovars. In addition, the young group reported greater cannabis craving than the older group after using the THC chemovar. Consistent with some reports in the preclinical literature, the findings suggest that older adults may be less sensitive to the effects of THC on cognitive and affective measures.

Electromyographic analysis of ankle muscles in young adults with Down syndrome before and after the implementation of a physical activity programme based on dance

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (198) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Núria Massó-Ortigosa ◽  
Lourdes Gutiérrez-Vilahú ◽  
Lluís Costa-Tutusaus ◽  
Guillermo R. Oviedo ◽  
Ferran Rey-Abella
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Physical Activity Programme ◽  
Ankle Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis

scholarly journals How Dead Wood in the Forest Decreases Relaxation? The Effects of Viewing of Dead Wood in the Forest Environment on Psychological Responses of Young Adults

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Emilia Janeczko ◽  
Ernest Bielinis ◽  
Ulfah Tiarasari ◽  
Małgorzata Woźnicka ◽  
Wojciech Kędziora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
The Impact

The intensity of the neutral environment impact on humans may be determined by specific features of space, including dead wood occurrence. Dead wood is claimed to be disliked by the public because it reduces the scenic beauty and recreational values of the forest. The attractiveness of a forest with dead wood may be determined by its variants. Much is known about the preference for landscape with dead wood, but there is little information available about how such a landscape affects a person’s mental relaxation, improves mood, increases positive feelings, levels of vitality, etc. Hence, the aim of our research was to investigate the psycho-logical relaxing effects of short 15-min exposures to natural and managed forests with dead wood. In the study, three areas within the Białowieża Primeval Forest were used to measure the impact of different types of forest with dead wood (A: forest reserve with dead wood subject to natural decomposition processes; B: managed forest with visible cut wood and stumps; C: man-aged forest with dead trees from bark beetle outbreak standing) on human psychological relaxation in a randomized experiment. The participants of the experiment were forty-one young adults aged 19–20. Each respondent experienced each type of forest at intervals visiting it. Four psychological questionnaires were used in the project (Profile of Mood States (POMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), and Restorative Outcome Scale (ROS)) before and after the short exposure to the forest were evaluated. The results show that a forest landscape with dead wood affects the human psyche, and the relaxing properties of such a landscape are better in a protected forest with natural, slow processes of tree dieback than those obtained in managed forests

THE POSSIBILITY OF LINKING SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED NEUROCOGNITIVE PLASTICITY: CAN COGNITIVE TRAINING INFLUENCE COMPENSATORY BRAIN ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS? THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PREMISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-523
Author(s):  
Ludmiła Zając-Lamparska
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theory Of Aging

One of the most important determinants of successful aging is cognitive ability. Although cognitive decline is a well-documented phenomenon characteristic of aging, it is acknowledged that aging can also be related to cognitive neuroplasticity that allows one to compensate the decline and adapt to it. Cognitive neuroplasticity may be spontaneous or induced by external influences. An example of the former is compensatory brain activity in older adults, and the latter – improvement in cognitive functioning under the influence of cognitive training. Both the compensatory brain activity of older adults and the effectiveness of cognitive training in this age group have already been extensively studied. However, it has not yet been examined whether they can be linked. The article indicates theoretical and empirical premises for the possibility of influencing compensatory brain activity in older adults by cognitive training. In the most comprehensive way the phenomenon of compensatory brain activity in older adults is addressed by the STAC model – the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition, which also provides the theoretical grounds for the possible impact of cognitive training on compensatory brain activity. There are also empirical arguments in favour of such an impact, but they are quite limited in nature. The reason for this is the lack of research directly addressing the problem of the consistency of brain activity changes resulting from cognitive training with the assumptions of compensatory brain activity models, such as STAC. The theoretical grounds for the linkage of compensatory brain activity in older adults with the influence of cognitive training are clear. However, the analysis of the studies discussed in the article suggests that failing to embed the study design within the theoretical framework of compensatory brain activity in older adults may lead to the exclusion of factors important in drawing conclusions about this phenomenon. The following elements of the study design were identified as necessary to include: participation of young adults in the study as a reference group, usage of tasks in different difficulty levels during the measurement of brain activity and consideration of the relation between brain activity and cognitive performance, and comparison of brain activity in relation to cognitive performance before and after training in both, older and young adults.

scholarly journals Efficacy of “Oil Pulling” on Gingival Health and Biofilm Accumulation in a Group of Young Adults: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Sara Rayner ◽  
Trislyn Herrick ◽  
Christina Chiesa
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Aims The aim of this pilot study was to assess changes in gingival bleeding and biofilm accumulation in young adults undergoing oil-pulling treatment together with standardized oral hygiene practices, compared to a control group of patients that did not undergo oil pulling but maintained the standard oral hygiene practices outlined in the study. Materials and methods The experiment was designed as a randomized, two-way, single-blind, crossover with a 2-month washout period between two, 10-day experimental periods. A total of 28, randomly selected dental students who met the inclusion criteria were assessed for gingival bleeding and biofilm on six teeth before and after rinsing with sesame oil for 10 minutes per day, for a period of 10 days. The mean difference between the test and control group's reduction in scores was analyzed using the paired t-test. The level of significance was set at ? (alpha) = 0.05. Results There were no statistically significant differences on plaque biofilm accumulation and bleeding when compared with the control group. There was a higher reduction in gingival bleeding scores (albeit not statistically significant) among those who used sesame oil compared to those who did not. Conclusion Based on the current study, it appears that oil pulling for 10 minutes and for a period of 10 days using sesame oil has no significant benefit over brushing and flossing alone, on a sample of 28 dental students. How to cite this article Rayner S, Herrick T, Chiesa C, Hoover J, Karunanayake C. Efficacy of “Oil Pulling” on Gingival Health and Biofilm Accumulation in a Group of Young Adults: A Pilot Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(2):113-117.

Kinematic and Acoustic Changes to Vowels and Diphthongs in Bite Block Speech

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christopher Dromey ◽  
Michelle Richins ◽  
Tanner Low
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Transition Duration ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Articulation Index ◽  
Before And After

Purpose We examined the effect of bite block insertion (BBI) on lingual movements and formant frequencies in corner vowel and diphthong production in a sentence context. Method Twenty young adults produced the corner vowels (/u/, /ɑ/, /æ/, /i/) and the diphthong /ɑɪ/ in sentence contexts before and after BBI. An electromagnetic articulograph measured the movements of the tongue back, middle, and front. Results There were significant decreases in the acoustic vowel articulation index and vowel space area following BBI. The kinematic vowel articulation index decreased significantly for the back and middle of the tongue but not for the front. There were no significant acoustic changes post-BBI for the diphthong, other than a longer transition duration. Diphthong kinematic changes after BBI included smaller movements for the back and middle of the tongue, but not the front. Conclusions BBI led to a smaller acoustic working space for the corner vowels. The adjustments made by the front of the tongue were sufficient to compensate for the BBI perturbation in the diphthong, resulting in unchanged formant trajectories. The back and middle of the tongue were likely biomechanically restricted in their displacement by the fixation of the jaw, whereas the tongue front showed greater movement flexibility.

Salivary proteomic profile of young adults before and after the practice of interval exercise: preliminary results

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Mendes Oliveira Ventura ◽  
Karina Oliveira Santos ◽  
Aline Silva Braga ◽  
Larissa Tercilia Grizzo Thomassian ◽  
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Proteomic Profile ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Before And After
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