scholarly journals Leaf and axillary shoot development from the shoot apical meristem

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Hibara ◽  
Masao Tasaka
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Axillary Shoot

scholarly journals Vascular structure contributes to shoot sectoriality in Selaginella kraussiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta M. Gola ◽  
Judith A. Jernstedt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Specific Structure ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Vascular Structure ◽  
Vascular Connections

<em>Selaginella</em> species are characterized by regular anisotomous dichotomous divisions of the shoot apical meristem, giving rise to two new axes (branches) which differ in size. A vital process is the formation of vascular connections, which enables continuous communication and consequent functional and developmental integration of a plant during branching. Here, we present the sequence of developmental changes in the vascular system of <em>Selaginella kraussiana</em> related to dichotomous branching. Stem vasculature in <em>Selaginella kraussiana</em> consists of two meristeles which change in arrangement during shoot development. Using dye tracers, we documented developmental functional isolation of meristeles associated with the specific structure of the stelar system, which results in a spatiotemporal sectoriality of the shoot. We discuss sectoriality in terms of possible significance for shoot development.

scholarly journals Influence of Root Zone Calcium on Subapical Necrosis in Potato Shoot Cultures: Localization of Injury at the Tissue and Cellular Levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Busse ◽  
Senay Ozgen ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Primary Injury ◽  
Shoot Tip Necrosis

Shoot tip necrosis has been attributed to calcium deficiency in in vitro cultures, resulting in death of the stem tip, the loss of apical dominance, and axillary branch development. Using an in vitro shoot culture system with Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dark Red Norland, we studied the development of injury symptoms at the microscopic and tissue levels at a range of media calcium concentrations varying from 6.8 to 3000 μm. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed that the primary injury due to calcium deficiency was the death and collapse of expanding pith cells below the shoot apex. The structure and organization of the shoot apical meristem was the same when plants were cultured on sufficient or suboptimal media calcium concentrations. However, the apical meristem senesced following subapical shoot tissue collapse. Death of the shoot apical meristem was a secondary effect of calcium deficiency, resulting in loss of apical dominance. Studies with 45Ca indicated that calcium was distributed in a gradient along the shoot, with highest concentration at the base and the lowest at the apex. Shoot tip necrosis developed after 20 days of culture on the suboptimal calcium concentration medium. The development of these symptoms and axillary shoot growth was associated with the lack of calcium accumulation in the shoots. Our results provide evidence that a primary injury of calcium deficiency is localized in the expanding pith cells below the shoot apical meristem and this injury results in the collapse of subapical cells. Death of the shoot apical meristem is a secondary injury resulting from calcium deficiency.

Plant regeneration from stem callus of cassava

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (16) ◽  
pp. 1761-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Tilquin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Leaf Differentiation

Callus formation and organogenesis have been induced on the internode culture of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Callusing was rapidly induced on the medium devised by Kartha, Gamborg, and Constabel for the shoot apical meristem culture of cassava. During culture, green protuberances appear on the callus followed by the differentiation of a leaf-like structure. The leaf-like structure degenerated after a month of differentiation. On the same medium, but lacking gibberellic acid (GA3), organogenesis is less frequent and precocious but the leaves which appear are typical of cassava; leaf differentiation is followed by shoot development.

scholarly journals Rolesof plant growth regulators on the shoot development from the shoot apical meristem of Eustoma grandiflorum (RAF.) shinners

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Huyen Thach Quynh Ngo ◽  
Huong Thanh Tran ◽  
Viet Trang Bui
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Shoot Initiation

In this paper, plant growth regulators including 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), kinetin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and ethrel, at different concentrations were used individually or in combination to induce adventitious shoots from the explants, which contain shoot apical meristem and young leaves. Histological and physiological changes during shoot development were analysed. The highest shoot initiation was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA and 1.0 mg/L GA3. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium with 0.25 or 0.5 mg/L IAA. Shoot development from in vitro shoot explants initiated from the axil and cortex of stem. The shoot regeneration from shoot apical explants was effected by the meristem integrity or auxin from shoot apical meristem. Roles of plant growth regulators, especially polar auxin transport, and the ablation on the shoot initiation were discussed.

Shoot development – genetic interactions in the meristem

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1499-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Leaf Patterning ◽  
Myb Domain ◽  
Homeodomain Transcription Factors

Development of the plant shoot is dependent on the shoot apical meristem. Interactions between KNOX homeodomain transcription factors and the myb domain transcription factor AS1 (ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1) regulate both meristem function as well as leaf patterning. This review summarizes these interactions.

scholarly journals Sample preparation for laser-microdissection of soybean shoot apical meristem

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chui E. Wong ◽  
Mohan B. Singh ◽  
Prem L. Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Laser Microdissection ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Continuous Formation ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Specialized Equipment

The shoot apical meristem houses stem cells responsible for the continuous formation of aerial plant organs including leaves and stems throughout the life of plants. Laser-microdissection in combination with high-throughput technology such as next generation sequencing permits an in-depth analysis of molecular events associated with specific cell type of interest. Sample preparation is the most critical step in ensuring good quality RNA to be extracted from samples following laser-microdissection. Here, we optimized the sample preparation for a major legume crop, soybean. We used Farmer’s solution as a fixative and paraffin as the embedding medium for soybean shoot apical meristem tissue without the use of any specialized equipment. Shorter time for tissue fixation (two days) was found to be critical for the preservation of RNA in soybean shoot apical meristem. We further demonstrated the utility of this method for different tissues derived from soybean and rice. The method outlined here shall facilitate studies on crop plants involving laser-microdissection.

Somatic embryogenesis from Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem mutants

Planta ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 214 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mordhorst ◽  
Marijke Hartog ◽  
Mazen El Tamer ◽  
Thomas Laux ◽  
Sacco de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Argonaute10 Specifically Sequesters miR166/165 to Regulate Shoot Apical Meristem Development

Cell ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Zhu ◽  
Fuqu Hu ◽  
Ronghui Wang ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Sing-Hoi Sze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Meristem Development
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