scholarly journals Latentna tuberkulozna infekcija u zdravstvenih radnika povezana je s alergijama i senzibilizacijom na uobičajene inhalacijske alergene

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Ivana Banić ◽  
Mirjana Turkalj ◽  
Boro Nogalo ◽  
Rajka Lulić Jurjević ◽  
Davor Plavec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Allergen Sensitization ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Exposure

Health care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) due to occupational exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In order to investigate the mutual influence of a TH1 type immune response caused by LTBI and T helper 2 (TH2) type immune response caused by allergy, we conducted a study examining the prevalence of common inhaled allergen sensitization in the HCW population with different levels of exposure to tuberculosis (high and low). HCW with possible exposure to tuberculosis (TB) were tested with QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G) and tuberculin skin test (TST), while skin prick test (SPT) was performed for inhaled allergens. The antigen (Ag) response at QFT-G was inversely correlated with participants` allergy anamnesis (p= 0.039). Sensitization to inhaled allergens (positive SPT and number of positive allergens at SPT) was more prominent in the low exposure group (p= 0.006 and p= 0.0065, respectively). Ag response at QFT-G test was significantly higher in participants with no medical history of allergy (p= 0.048). Our results demonstrate that exposure to TB and LTBI are associated with inhaled allergen sensitization in HCW, possibly inhibiting allergic sensitization by mediating the T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune response.

Childhood Crowding, Atopy and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4648-4648
Author(s):  
Wendy Cozen ◽  
Engels A. Eric ◽  
James R. Cerhan ◽  
Martha Linet ◽  
Leslie Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Subtle differences in immune response may play a role in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) etiology. Because adult immune response may be influenced by early childhood exposures, we examined the role of childhood crowding, history of atopic disease, and other childhood immune-related exposures on the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a multi-center case-control study. Interviews were completed with 1,321 cases ascertained from population-based cancer registries in Seattle, Detroit, Los Angeles and Iowa, and with 1,057 frequency-matched controls, selected by random-digit dialing and from the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) database. The association between NHL risk in relation to atopy and other exposures was assessed using multivariable logistic regression methods. Most types of allergy were associated with protection from NHL, with hay fever especially protective against all NHL combined (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.54–0.94), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [DLBCL] (OR=0.61, 95% CI=0.41–0.91), and follicular lymphoma (OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.45–1.09). A history of eczema increased risk of follicular lymphoma (OR=1.92, 95% CI= 1.08–3.41) but not DLBCL (OR=1.06, 95% CI= 0.55.2.04). Asthma in childhood was not associated with risk of NHL. Risk of DLBCL (OR =1.72, 95% CI=1.17–2.52), but not follicular lymphoma (OR=1.15, 95% CI=0.75–1.76) was elevated for the youngest compared to the oldest of siblings. Neither number of siblings nor years between births of siblings were significantly associated with risk. These results suggest that some immune-related exposures may affect NHL risk.

Effect of NBS1 Gene Polymorphism on the Risk of Cervix Carcinoma in a Northern Indian Population

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Sobti ◽  
M. Shekari ◽  
D.M. Kordi Tamandani ◽  
P. Kaur ◽  
V. Suri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Cervix Cancer ◽  
Cervix Carcinoma ◽  
Nbs1 Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cellular Immune

Cervical cancer is one of the most common neoplastic diseases affecting women, with a worldwide incidence of almost half a million cases. A history of smoking and use of oral contraceptives have been confirmed to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Genetic susceptibility and immune response, especially impaired cellular immune response, may well be related to the development of cervical cancer. NBS1 is one of the key proteins participating in the recognition and repair of double-strand breaks that may lead to genomic instability and cancer if unrepaired. The objective of the present study was therefore to investigate NBS1 Glu185Gln gene polymorphisms and the risk of cervix cancer in a northern Indian population. We found that passive smokers having particular NBS1 genotypes (Glu/Gln, Gln/Gln or Glu/Gln + Gln/Gln) have an increased risk of developing cervix cancer (OR 5.21, p=0.000001; OR 4.60, p=0.001; OR 5.10, p=0.0000009, respectively). The risk was increased 2.4-fold in oral contraceptive users with a Glu/Gln genotype. We conclude that the risk of cervical cancer is increased in passive smokers and in users of oral contraceptives with certain NBS1 genotypes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific Th22 cells and the effect of tuberculosis disease and HIV co-infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohau S. Makatsa ◽  
F. Millicent A. Omondi ◽  
Rubina Bunjun ◽  
Robert J. Wilkinson ◽  
Catherine Riou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Th22 Cells ◽  
Distinct Subset ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACTThe development of a highly effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is likely dependent on our understanding of what constitutes a protective immune response to TB. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD4+ T cells producing IL-22, a distinct subset termed ‘Th22’ cells, may contribute to protective immunity to TB. Thus, we characterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific Th22 (and Th1 and Th17) cells in 72 individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) or TB disease, with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. We investigated the functional properties (IFN-γ, IL-22 and IL-17 production), memory differentiation (CD45RA, CD27 and CCR7) and activation profile (HLA-DR) of Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells. In HIV-uninfected individuals with LTBI, we detected abundant IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells (median: 0.93%) and IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells (median: 0.46%) in response to Mtb. The frequency of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells was much lower, at a median of 0.06%. Consistent with previous studies, IL-22 was produced by a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells and not co-expressed with IL-17. Mtb-specific IL-22 responses were markedly reduced (median: 0.08%) in individuals with TB disease and HIV co-infection compared to IFN-γ responses. Mtb-specific Th22 cells exhibited a distinct memory and activation phenotype compared to Th1 and Th17 cells. Furthermore, Mtb-specific IL-22 was produced by conventional CD4+ T cells that required T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. In conclusion, we confirm that Th22 cells contribute substantially to the immune response to TB. Depletion of Mtb-specific Th22 cells during HIV co-infection may contribute to increased risk of TB disease.

scholarly journals Allergy-Related Diseases and Risk of Breast Cancer: The Role of Skewed Immune System on This Association

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215265671986082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammad Shirkhoda
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immunological Mechanism ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Background The role of allergy in breast cancer (BC) development remains inconclusive. A comprehensive review article is required to present and discuss all findings on this topic and to clarify the association between allergic disorders and the risk of BC. Objective We aimed to explain the association between atopy, different types of allergic disorders, and the risk of BC. Moreover, we explored the immunological mechanism behind this association. Methods We electronically reviewed publications in PubMed from 1979 to 2018 relating to atopy, allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, drug allergy, immunoglobulin E (IgE) or prick test, and BC. Results Most of the identified studies demonstrated nonsignificant results. However, the pattern of the results indicated an increased risk of BC in individuals with a history of allergies. The majority of studies reported higher prevalence of atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis among individuals with BC compared to the control groups. Similarity, most of the studies revealed an increased risk of BC among people with a positive history of atopic using IgE specific or prick test. However, a null association was reported in most of the asthmatic studies, and controversial results were detected in the individuals with history of food and drug allergies. Conclusion The majority of findings were not statistically significant. Moreover, bias and other methodological problems are the major issues, which make it challenging to compare the findings of different studies and reach a strong conclusive result. However, the pattern of the results from most studies indicated that allergic diseases might be associated with an increased risk of BC. Skewed immune system toward T-helper 2 might have an important role in this association.

scholarly journals Mammalian Meat Allergy Accompanied by Venom Allergy: A Review of 12 Cases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kutlu ◽  
Derya Unal
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Venom Allergy ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Meat Allergy ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mammalian Meat

There has recently been an increase in mammalian meat allergy (MMA) in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It has been associated with the expansion of tick populations.Tick bites appear to result in sensitization to the carbohydrate allergen galactose-alpha–1, 3-galactose, which is present in many types of mammalian meats. In this study, we have emphasized that  Ixodes ricinus named tick type which is implicated in meat allergy, is found in domestic animals of Black Sea Region of Turkey. A new concept has been recently raized; suggesting that having an alpha-gal allergy is associated with an increased risk of sensitization to multiple venom spesific immunoglobulin (Ig) E. Our aim is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of adult patients with MMA and its relationship with insect sting reactions in Turkey. Patients referring to the allergy outpatient clinic with possible MMA were interviewed regarding reactions to a stinging insect. Demographic features and detailed histories of the patients were recorded. Skin prick test (SPT) with commercial beef extract and venom allergens, as well as prick to prick tests with raw beef and cooked beef were performed. Serum total IgE and beef meat specific IgE were measured. Of 50 interviewed patients, 12 patients (4 male [33,3%] and 8 female [66,6%]) had a history of venom hypersensitivity reaction. The mean age was 36.50±13.35 years (range:18–61). History of other allergic diseases was present in 8 (66.6%) patients. Both venom and meat allergy were confirmed with SPT or prick to prick tests in these 12 patients. Among these patients sensitization to honey bee venom was more frequent (83%). MMA and venom allergy are influenced by the same environmental exposures. We believe that there may be shared immunologic factors and similar antigens; making venom allergic patients more susceptible to MMA.

scholarly journals Prenatal exposure to acid suppressant medications and risk of allergen sensitization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey B. Robinson ◽  
Anna Arroyo ◽  
Ruth J. Geller ◽  
Ashley F. Sullivan ◽  
Carlos Camargo Jr
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Allergen Sensitization ◽  
Environmental Allergen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

In conclusion, in a cohort of children with a history of severe bronchiolitis those exposed to ASM prenatally are not at increased risk of developing food or environmental allergen sensitization by early childhood. The mechanism by which ASM exposure increases risk of childhood asthma remains unclear, but alterations in the gut microbiome merit consideration.

scholarly journals Effect of diabetes mellitus on risk of latent TB infection in a high TB incidence area: a community-based study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e029948
Author(s):  
Ching-Hsiung Lin ◽  
Shu-Chen Kuo ◽  
Ming-Chia Hsieh ◽  
Shang-Yun Ho ◽  
Ih-Jen Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between diabetes and latent tuberculosis infections (LTBI) in high TB incidence areas.DesignCommunity-based comparison study.SettingOutpatient diabetes clinics at 4 hospitals and 13 health centres in urban and rural townships. A community-based screening programme was used to recruit non-diabetic participants.ParticipantsA total of 2948 patients with diabetes aged older than 40 years were recruited, and 453 non-diabetic participants from the community were enrolled.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and the tuberculin skin test were used to detect LTBI. The IGRA result was used as a surrogate of LTBI in logistic regression analysis.ResultsDiabetes was significantly associated with LTBI (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.59; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.28) and age correlated positively with LTBI. Many subjects with diabetes also had additional risk factors (current smokers (aOR=1.28; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.71), comorbid chronic kidney disease (aOR=1.26; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.55) and history of TB (aOR=2.08; 95% CI 1.19 to 3.63)). The presence of BCG scar was protective (aOR=0.66; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.85). Duration of diabetes and poor glycaemic control were unrelated to the risk of LTBI.ConclusionThere was a moderately increased risk of LTBI in patients with diabetes from this high TB incidence area. This finding suggests LTBI screening for the diabetics be combined with other risk factors and comorbidities of TB to better identify high-risk groups and improve the efficacy of targeted screening for LTBI.

scholarly journals Psoriatic Disease and Tuberculosis Nowadays

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Balato ◽  
Luisa Di Costanzo ◽  
Fabio Ayala ◽  
Anna Balato ◽  
Alessandro Sanduzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factor Alpha

Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing and remitting inflammatory skin and joint disease that has a prevalence of 2-3% in the world’s population, whereas of 1–2% in Europe. The traditional concept of psoriasis as the “healthy people’s” disease has been recently revised because of ever-increasing reports of associations with various pathological conditions (hypertension, Crohn’s disease, type II diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, infectious conditions). Particularly, advances in psoriasis therapies have introduced biologic agents. All the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of developing active disease in patients with latent tuberculosis infection, because of TNF-αkey role againstMycobacterium tuberculosis. For this reason, exclusion of active tuberculosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection are clinical imperatives prior to starting this therapy. Moreover active surveillance for a history of untreated or partially treated tuberculosis or latent form has already been shown to be effective in reducing the number of incident tuberculosis cases.

scholarly journals The Role of Allergen Sensitivity on Pityriasis Alba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Ece Özdoğru ◽  
Melis Gönülal
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Wind Condition ◽  
Inhalant Allergen ◽  
Allergen Sensitization ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Allergy Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inhalant Allergy

Objective: Pityriasis alba is mostly seen in individuals with a history of atopy, although it may occur in non-atopic individuals. Despite many hypothesis, no certain etiologic factor for pitryriasis alba has been determined. We aimed to investigate the roles of environmental factors, inhalant and food allergy sensitization in its etiopathogenesis. Methods: We noted patients’ and controls’ age, gender, education level of parents, xerosis, hand soap type, bathing frequency, bath water temperature, wind condition in the location, using sun screen cream, sun exposure time, results of inhalant allergen and food allergen testing. Inhalant allergy test was carried out through a skin prick test for children older than two years, and a food allergy test was carried out through prick to prick test for children of all ages. Results: The findings showed that there were significant relationships between pityriasis alba and xerosis, inhalant allergen sensitization (p<0.0001, p=0.009, respectively). Conclusion: We conclude that xerosis and inhalant allergen sensitization are associated with pityriasis alba. Therefore, we think that clinicians should suggest moisturizers to patients with pityriasis alba and make their inhalant allergy tests in clinical follow-up of patients.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

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