scholarly journals High-Resolution Underway Upper Ocean and Surface Atmospheric Observations in Drake Passage: Synergistic Measurements for Climate Science

Oceanography ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Sprintall ◽  
Teresa Chereskin ◽  
Colm Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Drake Passage ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Atmospheric Observations

scholarly journals Quasigeostrophic Diagnosis of Mixed Layer Dynamics Embedded in a Mesoscale Turbulent Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric P. Chavanne ◽  
Patrice Klein
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Finite Thickness ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Surface Mixed Layer ◽  
Deep Interior ◽  
Quasigeostrophic Model

AbstractA quasigeostrophic model is developed to diagnose the three-dimensional circulation, including the vertical velocity, in the upper ocean from high-resolution observations of sea surface height and buoyancy. The formulation for the adiabatic component departs from the classical surface quasigeostrophic framework considered before since it takes into account the stratification within the surface mixed layer that is usually much weaker than that in the ocean interior. To achieve this, the model approximates the ocean with two constant stratification layers: a finite-thickness surface layer (or the mixed layer) and an infinitely deep interior layer. It is shown that the leading-order adiabatic circulation is entirely determined if both the surface streamfunction and buoyancy anomalies are considered. The surface layer further includes a diabatic dynamical contribution. Parameterization of diabatic vertical velocities is based on their restoring impacts of the thermal wind balance that is perturbed by turbulent vertical mixing of momentum and buoyancy. The model skill in reproducing the three-dimensional circulation in the upper ocean from surface data is checked against the output of a high-resolution primitive equation numerical simulation.

scholarly journals Processes controlling upper-ocean heat content in Drake Passage

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 4409-4423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Stephenson ◽  
Sarah T. Gille ◽  
Janet Sprintall
Keyword(s):  
Heat Content ◽  
Drake Passage ◽  
Ocean Heat Content ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Upper Ocean Heat Content

Upper-ocean stratification of the NE South China Sea during the last 35 ka: Implications from oxygen isotope records from planktonic foraminifera

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Chun Wang ◽  
Andrew Tien-Shun Lin ◽  
Horng-Sheng Mii ◽  
Chorng-Shern Horng ◽  
Christophe Colin
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Sediment Core ◽  
South China ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Freshwater Input ◽  
Ocean Stratification ◽  
China Sea

<p>The sedimentation rate in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) is high and it therefore offers an opportunity for a high-resolution paleoceanographic study. This study is based on high-resolution AMS <sup>14</sup>C dating on forams and oxygen isotope data of two planktonic foraminifera species (<em>Globigerinoides ruber</em> and <em>Neogloboquadrina dutertrei</em>) from the sediment core, MD18-3568, collected from the northeastern SCS, to reconstruct upper-ocean stratification since 35 ka.</p><p>The marine sediment core MD18-3568 is located on the accretionary wedge off SW Taiwan at a water depth of 1,315 m, the whole core is dominated by hemipelagic sediments and is of 20.7 m in length. Samples for AMS <sup>14</sup>C dating were selected at roughly 2 ka interval with a total of 16 samples. The ages show a continuously younging-upward trend with bottom of this core around 35,000 years BP. Samples for high-resolution oxygen isotope measurements were selected at a nominal 500-year age interval. The difference in δ<sup>18</sup>O between <em>G. ruber</em> (mixed layer dwelling species) and <em>N. dutertrei</em> (thermocline dwelling species) is used to reconstruct the upper ocean stratification with large difference indicating significant ocean stratification and vice versa. The results show moderate upper ocean stratification during 35-24 ka, and it became less stratified during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23-19 ka). During the deglacial stage, the stratification gradually became stronger until the early Holocene (12-9 ka), and it has kept strong upper-ocean stratification since 9 ka. Literature has documented less rainfall intensity during the LGM and heavy rainfall during the Holocene in southern Taiwan. We interpret the upper-ocean stratification in the NE South China Sea near Taiwan is linked to the amount of freshwater inputs from Taiwan. Less Taiwan freshwater input during the LGM led to a weak stratified upper ocean and a large amount of freshwater input from Taiwan led to a strong upper-ocean stratification during the Holocene.</p>

scholarly journals Helping to Make Sense of Regional Climate Modeling: Professional Development for Scientists and Decision-Makers Anytime, Anywhere

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Walton ◽  
Morgan B. Yarker ◽  
Michel D. S. Mesquita ◽  
Friederike E. L. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Regional Climate Modeling ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
E Learning

Abstract Globally, decision-makers are increasingly using high-resolution climate models to support policy and planning; however, many of these users do not have the knowledge needed to use them appropriately. This problem is compounded by not having access to quality learning opportunities to better understand how to apply the models and interpret results. This paper discusses and proposes an educational framework based on two independent online courses on regional climate modeling, which addresses the accessibility issue and provides guidance to climate science professors, researchers, and institutions who want to create their own online courses. The role of e-learning as an educational tool is well documented, highlighting the benefits of improved personal efficiency through “anywhere, anytime” learning with the flexibility to support professional development across different sectors. In addition, improved global Internet means increased accessibility. However, e-learning’s function as a tool to support understanding of atmospheric physics and high-resolution climate modeling has not been widely discussed. To date, few courses, if any, support understanding that takes full advantage of e-learning best practices. There is a growing need for climate literacy to help inform decision-making on a range of scales, from individual households to corporate CEOs. And while there is a plethora of climate information online, educational theory suggests that people need to be guided in how to convert this information into applicable knowledge. Here, we present how the experience of the courses we designed and ran independent of each other, both engaging learners with better understanding benefits and limitations of regional climate modeling, lead to a framework of designing e-learning for climate modeling.

Preliminary biostratigraphy of IODP Expedition 383 sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero ◽  
Anieke Brombacher ◽  
Oliver Esper ◽  
Alexandre de Souza ◽  
Elisa Malinverno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Drake Passage ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Meridional Overturning ◽  
Circumpolar Current ◽  
Oceanic Carbon ◽  
The Antarctic

<p>The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is a major driver of global climate. It connects all three ocean basins, integrating global climate variability, and its vertical water mass structure plays a key role in oceanic carbon storage. The Atlantic and Indian sectors of the ACC are well studied, but the Pacific sector lacks deep-sea drilling records. Therefore, past water mass transport through the Drake Passage and its effect on Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation are not well understood. To fill this gap, IODP Expedition 383 recovered sediments from three sites in the central South Pacific and three sites from the southern Chilean Margin.</p><p>Here we present the preliminary biostratigraphy developed during the expedition. The sediments contained abundant nannofossils, foraminifera, radiolarians, diatoms and silicoflagellates which produced age models that were in excellent agreement with the shipboard magnetostratigraphy. Two sites contain high-resolution Pleistocene records, one site goes back to the Pliocene, and two others reach back to the late Miocene. Post-cruise research will further refine these age models through high-resolution bio-, magneto- and oxygen isotope stratigraphies that are currently being generated.</p>

Analysis of High Resolution Upper Ocean Dye Release Experiments Using Airborne LIDAR

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Ledwell ◽  
Eugene A. Terray ◽  
Miles A. Sundermeyer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Dye Release
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