scholarly journals Are sleep paralysis and false awakenings different from REM sleep and from lucid REM sleep? A spectral EEG analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Mainieri ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Maranci ◽  
Pierre Champetier ◽  
Smaranda Leu-Semenescu ◽  
Ana Gales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
Eeg Analysis ◽  
Spectral Eeg Analysis

Neurology and Sleep Research

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Broughton
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
Sleep Research ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Therapeutic Relevance ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Hypnagogic Hallucinations

This brief review documents some of the important contributions of recent sleep research to the understanding of a number of neurological conditions. Narcoleptic attacks have been shown to be either episodes of NREM or REM sleep; and cataplexy, sleep paralysis and vivid hypnagogic hallucinations consist of dissociated or inappropriate REM sleep. Important relationships of the hypersomnias and various comas to sleep mechanisms are being increasingly elucidated. Various types of epileptic seizures have been found to be affected differentially by the two types of sleep and by arousal from them; and sleep deprivation may activate or perpetuate epilepsy. Finally, some miscellaneous conditions, such as dyskinesias, cerebrovascular accidents, migraine, and memory and repair functions have been considered. As well as being of pathophysiological interest, much of this new knowledge has a direct diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.

scholarly journals What do we know about sleep paralysis?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Paulina Wróbel-Knybel ◽  
Michał Flis ◽  
Rafał Dubiel ◽  
Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Hypnagogic Hallucinations

Summary Introduction: Sleep paralysis (SP) is a condition that widely occurs among people all over the world. It has been known for thousands of years and is rooted in the culture of many countries. It arouses strong emotions, though still little is known about it. The clinical picture of the disorder can be very diverse. It is often accompanied by hypnopompic and hypnagogic hallucinations, somatic complaints and the feeling of intense anxiety. A feeling of paralysis in the body with inhibited consciousness is always observed with the experience. SP pathophysiology is not fully understood, however, most theories explaining this phenomenon are based on the assumption that it results from dysfunctional overlap of REM sleep and wakefulness. It is experienced by healthy people, but it is more often associated with somatic and mental disorders, which is why it is becoming an object of interest for researchers. Aim: The aim of this work is to present the most important information about the disorder known as sleep paralysis - its history, cultural context, pathophysiology, prevalence, symptomatology, coexistence with other somatic and mental disorders as well as diagnostics and available forms of prevention and treatment. Materials and methodology: The available literature was reviewed using the Google Scholar bibliographic databases searching the following keywords: sleep paralysis, REM sleep parasomnias, sleep disorder, night terrors and time descriptors: 1980-2018. Results 1. Sleep paralysis has already been described in antiquity, and interpretations related to its occurrence are largely dependent on culture and beliefs. 2. Symptomatology of the disorder is very diverse: both mental and somatic symptoms are present. 3. The pathophysiology of the disorder has not been fully explained. The basis of most theories regarding sleep paralysis is the assumption that it results from the dysfunctional overlap of REM sleep and wakefulness. 4. The prevalence of SP at least once in a lifetime is 7.6% in the general population, although it is estimated that it is much more frequent in people with various mental and somatic disorders. 5. Treatment of SP is associated with a change in lifestyle and the use of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.

Objective REM sleep characteristics of recurrent isolated sleep paralysis: a case-control study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kliková ◽  
Marek Piorecký ◽  
Eva Miletínová ◽  
Karolina Janků ◽  
Daniela Urbaczka Dudysová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
Arousal Index ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isolated Sleep Paralysis

Abstract Study Objectives Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP) is a rapid eye movement (REM) parasomnia characterized by a dissociative state with characteristics of REM sleep and wakefulness. Pathophysiology has not yet been clarified and very little research has been performed using objective polysomnographic measures with inconsistent results. The main aim of our study was to find whether higher REM sleep fragmentation is consistent with the theory of state dissociation or whether signs of dissociation can be detected by spectral analysis. Methods Nineteen participants in the RISP group and 19 age- and gender-matched participants in the control group underwent two consecutive full-night video-polysomnography recordings with 19-channel electroencephalography. Apart from sleep macrostructure, other REM sleep characteristics such as REM arousal index, percentage of wakefulness and stage shifts within REM sleep period were analyzed, as well as power spectral analysis during REM sleep. Results No difference was found in the macrostructural parameters of REM sleep (percentage of REM sleep and REM latency). Similarly, no significant difference was detected in REM sleep fragmentation (assessed by REM sleep arousal index, percentage of wakefulness and stage shifts within REM sleep). Power spectral analysis showed higher bifrontal beta activity in the RISP group during REM sleep. Conclusions The results showed an underlying persistent trait of higher cortical activity that may predispose patients with SP to be more likely to experience recurrent episodes, without any apparent macrostructural features including higher REM sleep fragmentation.

Sleep-Related Parasomnias

2021 ◽  
pp. 571-586
Author(s):  
Jaclyn L. Lewis-Croswell ◽  
José Colón
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Behavior

Ever since there have been written historical narratives, sleep anomalies have been noted, from medieval paintings of demons terrorizing an individual in their sleep, to biblical revelations in dreams and nightmares, to tales of somnambulism from Shakespeare to Disney. Mysterious parasomnias have been recognized well before they could be classified into the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. With the invention in the 1950s of the electroencephalogram, generations of sleep researchers have been able to classify once mysterious sleep anomalies as either rapid eye movement (REM) or NREM parasomnias. Some parasomnias may be benign and self-limited, such as sleepwalking in a child. Others may lead to injury or can be a sign of other neurological disorders, such as REM sleep behavior disorder. Some can terrify patients and are commonly underreported, such as sleep paralysis, which has been confused by some as modern-day alien abductions. The treatment of parasomnias depends on proper identification based on well-established criteria. Subsequently, integrative approaches to the treatment of these disorders may be applied.

Conventional and spectral EEG analysis in children treated with cytotoxic agents

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Schäffler ◽  
P. Imbach ◽  
A. Rüdeberg ◽  
F. Vassella ◽  
K. Karbowski
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Eeg Analysis ◽  
Spectral Eeg Analysis

Alcohol and Narcolepsy

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (541) ◽  
pp. 705-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Goodwin ◽  
Frank Freemon ◽  
Benjamin M. Ianzito ◽  
Ekkehard Othmer
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Studies ◽  
Transient Loss ◽  
Abnormal Sleep ◽  
Hypnagogic Hallucinations

Narcolepsy is a syndrome characterized by recurrent sleep attacks and one or more of the following symptoms: cataplexy (transient loss of muscle tone), sleep paralysis (inability to move in the transition between sleep and arousal), and hypnagogic hallucinations (Sours, 1963). Polygraphic sleep studies indicate that narcoleptics have an abnormal sleep record. Normally, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is preceded by 90 to 100 minutes of non-REM sleep, whereas narcoleptics often have an REM-period at the onset of sleep (Hishikawa and Kaneki, 1965; Rechtschaffen et al., 1963).

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