scholarly journals Spontaneous reporting of onset of disturbing dreams and nightmares related to early life traumatic experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic by patients with posttraumatic stress disorder in remission

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhulika A. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Spontaneous Reporting ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experiences

scholarly journals Early Life Stress and Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Pervanidou ◽  
Gerasimos Makris ◽  
George Chrousos ◽  
Agorastos Agorastos
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Traumatic stress exposure during critical periods of development may have essential and long-lasting effects on the physical and mental health of individuals. Two thirds of youth are exposed to potentially traumatic experiences by the age of 17, and approximately 5% of adolescents meet lifetime criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of the stress system is the maintenance of homeostasis in the presence of real/perceived and acute/chronic stressors. Early-life stress (ELS) has an impact on neuronal brain networks involved in stress reactions, and could exert a programming effect on glucocorticoid signaling. Studies on pediatric PTSD reveal diverse neuroendocrine responses to adverse events and related long-term neuroendocrine and epigenetic alterations. Neuroendocrine, neuroimaging, and genetic studies in children with PTSD and ELS experiences are crucial in understanding risk and resilience factors, and also the natural history of PTSD.

Intimate Partner Violence Predicts Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Severity Independent of Early Life and Deployment-Related Trauma in Deployed Men and Women Veterans

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093851
Author(s):  
Meghan E. Pierce ◽  
Catherine Fortier ◽  
Jennifer R. Fonda ◽  
William Milberg ◽  
Regina McGlinchey
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse perpetrated by a current or former partner. IPV affects both genders, though little is known about its effects on men as victims. The aims of this study were to determine if IPV is a factor contributing to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity independently of deployment-related trauma, and to determine if there are gender differences in these associations. Participants were 46 female and 471 male post-9/11 veterans. Four sequential regressions were employed to examine the independent contribution of IPV among multiple trauma types on PTSD severity in men and women at two epochs, post-deployment (participants were anchored to deployment-related PTSD symptoms) and current (within the past month). Models were significant for both epochs in men ( ps < .001) but not in women ( ps > .230). In men, IPV independently predicted PTSD severity in both epochs (β > .093). However, in women, early life trauma (β = .284), but not IPV was a significant and independent predictor for current PTSD. Thus, there are distinct gender differences in how trauma type contributes to PTSD symptom severity. Although the statistical models were not significant in women, we observed similar patterns of results as in men and, in some cases, the β was actually higher in women than in men, suggesting a lack of power in our analyses. More research is clearly needed to follow-up these results; however, our findings indicate that IPV is a contributing factor to PTSD severity in veterans.

scholarly journals Adaptive Identification of Cortical and Subcortical Imaging Markers of Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Salminen ◽  
Rajendra A. Morey ◽  
Brandalyn C. Riedel ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adaptive Identification ◽  
Imaging Markers

Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female Help-Seeking Victims of Sexual Assault

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ask Elklit ◽  
Dorte M. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in the aftermath of rape and other sexual assault, but the risk factors leading to PTSD following rape have been shown to differ from those related to PTSD following nonsexual assault. This prospective study examined risk factors for PTSD severity in 148 female help-seeking victims of sexual assault. Approximately 70% of the victims experienced significant levels of traumatization, with 45% reporting symptoms consistent with a probable PTSD diagnosis. Regression analyses showed that relationship with the assailant, number of assailants, the nature of the assault, perceived positive social support, support satisfaction, feeling let down by others, and prior exposure to sexual trauma did not significantly predict PTSD severity at the final level of analysis. In accordance with suggestions by Dancu, Riggs, Hearst-Ikeda, and Shoyer (1996), it is suggested that this is partly caused by a very high degree of traumatization in the sample. Instead, previous nonsexual traumatic experiences and negative affectivity accounted for 30% of the variance in PTSD severity. Although more research is needed on risk factors of assault-related PTSD, these findings suggest that although sexual assault is associated with a high degree of PTSD severity, prior nonsexual victimization and high levels of negative affectivity appear to further increase the vulnerability toward developing symptoms of assault-related PTSD.

scholarly journals KATALIKŲ BAŽNYČIOS KAITA LIETUVOJE TRANSFORMACIJŲ LAIKOTARPIU

Psichologija ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldas Kazlauskas ◽  
Danutė Gailienė
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Political Prisoners ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Political Imprisonment

Straipsnyje analizuojami ilgalaikio traumavimo, kurį patyrė išgyvenusieji politines represijas, psichologiniai efektai. 50 buvusių politinių kalinių, kurie buvo ištremti į Sibiro lagerius, lyginami su panašaus amžiaus kontroline grupe. Nors po traumavimo jau praėjo daugiau kaip 40 metų, nustatyti potrauminio streso sutrikimui būdingi požymiai, kurie parodė, kad ypač sunkaus ir ilgalaikio traumavimo klinikiniai psichologiniai padariniai išlieka ilgai. COMPLEXITY OF LONG-TERM PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF POLITICAL REPRESSIONS IN LITHUANIAEvaldas Kazlauskas, Danutė Gailienė SummaryOBJECTIVE: This study examined long-term consequences of political repressions during the Soviet regime in Lithuania. Between 1940 and 1958 more than 300,000 Lithuanians were arrested and deported to Siberia (Anušauskas, 1996). Conditions of imprisonment in Gulag camps were extremely hard and mortality rate from exhaustion and disease was high. Victims who managed to return back to Lithuania suffered from persistent persecutions. Traumatic experiences of former political prisoners were neglected for decades; they had to keep in secret the fact of the imprisonment. Less than 5,000 survivors of political imprisonment still live in Lithuania. Since the introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder in DSM-III (1980) trauma effects have been studied mostly in terms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). But clinicians and trauma researchers acknowledge controversies in modern understanding of PTSD (Yahuda, MacFarlane, 1995). Severe impairments in personality of victims have been reported by clinicians working with survivors of holocaust, sexual abuse, and victims of torture, but these changes in personality are not accepted in current understanding of PTSD. The concept of PTSD receives more and more critics due to limitations in describing psychological effects after long term traumatic experiences that may lasts for years. Complex posttraumatic stress disorder has been introduced (Herman, 1992) in result of these discussions to describe variety of effects of long term trauma, and acceptance of this concept is growing in the field. There are only few studies on psychological effects of political repressions in former Soviet Union territory. This is the first study of psychological effects of political imprisonment in Lithuania. The goal of present study was to examine traumatic experiences and psychological effects among non-clinical sample of former Lithuanian political prisoners. METHOD: The group of former political prisoners (N=50), with a history of deportation to Gulag camps, was compared with an age and sex matched control group (N=50). Former political prisoners were imprisoned for 6.9 years on average. 43.1 years have passed since their return to Lithuania at a time of research. Semi-structured interviews were used to measure experiences during and after imprisonment. Posttraumatic effects were measured using Lithuanian versions of self-rating scales: Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (Mollica et al., 1992), Impact of Event Scale - Revised (Weiss, Marmar, 1996), Trauma Symptom Checklist (Briere, Runtz, 1989). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that traumatic experiences dealing with political imprisonment and exile have long-term complex posttraumatic effects on Lithuanian former political prisoners. Concept of complex posttraumatic disorder is partly supported by results of this study. Limitations of the study due to retrospective nature of the study, elderly age of participants and control group selection are discussed. Further research is required to assess the impact of political oppression during Soviet regime on population of former Soviet Republics.

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