scholarly journals The Role of Single-Channel Nasal Airflow Pressure Transducer in the Diagnosis of OSA in the Sleep Laboratory

2010 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Makarie Rofail ◽  
Keith K. H. Wong ◽  
Gunnar Unger ◽  
Guy B. Marks ◽  
Ronald R. Grunstein
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Sleep Laboratory ◽  
Nasal Airflow

scholarly journals The Utility of Single-Channel Nasal Airflow Pressure Transducer in the Diagnosis Of OSA at Home

SLEEP ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Makarie Rofail ◽  
Keith K.H. Wong ◽  
Gunnar Unger ◽  
Guy B. Marks ◽  
Ronald R. Grunstein
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
At Home

scholarly journals EFFECTIVE $\bar KN$ INTERACTION AND ROLE OF CHIRAL SYMMETRY

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2612-2617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Hyodo ◽  
Wolfram Weise
Keyword(s):  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Kaonic Nuclei

We study the consequence of chiral SU(3) symmetry in the kaon-nucleon phenomenology, by deriving the effective single-channel [Formula: see text] potential. It turns out that the πΣ interaction is strongly attractive and plays an important role for the structure of the Λ(1405) resonance. We discuss the implication of effective potential for the few-body kaonic nuclei.

scholarly journals Intracellular pH modulates the availability of vascular L-type Ca2+ channels.

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Klöckner ◽  
G Isenberg
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Channel Currents ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
Ca2 Channels

L-type Ca2+ channel currents were recorded from myocytes isolated from bovine pial and porcine coronary arteries to study the influence of changes in intracellular pH (pHi). Whole cell ICa fell when pHi was made more acidic by substituting HEPES/NaOH with CO2/bicarbonate buffer (pHo 7.4, 36 degrees C), and increased when pHi was made more alkaline by addition of 20 mM NH4Cl. Peak ICa was less pHi sensitive than late ICa (170 ms after depolarization to 0 mV). pHi-effects on single Ca2+ channel currents were studied with 110 mM BaCl2 as the charge carrier (22 degrees C, pHo 7.4). In cell-attached patches pHi was changed by extracellular NH4Cl or through the opened cell. In inside-out patches pHi was controlled through the bath. Independent of the method used the following results were obtained: (a) Single channel conductance (24 pS) and life time of the open state were not influenced by pHi (between pHi 6 and 8.4). (b) Alkaline pHi increased and acidic pHi reduced the channel availability (frequency of nonblank sweeps). (c) Alkaline pHi increased and acidic pHi reduced the frequency of late channel re-openings. The effects are discussed in terms of a deprotonation (protonation) of cytosolic binding sites that favor (prevent) the shift of the channels from a sleepy to an available state. Changes of bath pHo mimicked the pHi effects within 20 s, suggesting that protons can rapidly permeate through the surface membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells. The role of pHi in Ca2+ homeostases and vasotonus is discussed.

scholarly journals Introduction to Sleep Testing

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-80
Author(s):  
Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer ◽  
Madeleine Grigg-Damberger ◽  
Reena Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency Test ◽  
Sleep Laboratory ◽  
Maintenance Of Wakefulness Test ◽  
Home Sleep Apnea Testing ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency ◽  
Apnea Testing

This chapter provides an overview of sleep testing performed inside or outside the sleep laboratory. The chapter reviews the classification of sleep studies and methodology of in-lab polysomnography and home sleep apnea testing. Specifically, the indications for and relative contraindications and limitations of both procedures are discussed. Positive airway pressure (PAP) titration procedures are reviewed and the PAP-NAP, an abbreviated daytime study for patients with sleep apnea and PAP intolerance or hesitancy, is described. The authors also discuss the methodology of, indications for, and interpretation of the multiple sleep latency test and the maintenance of wakefulness test, which are daytime studies performed to evaluate excessive daytime sleepiness. Finally, the role of actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep disorders is discussed.

scholarly journals Regulatory γ1 subunits defy symmetry in functional modulation of BK channels

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (40) ◽  
pp. 9923-9928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Gonzalez-Perez ◽  
Manu Ben Johny ◽  
Xiao-Ming Xia ◽  
Christopher J. Lingle
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Bk Channel ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Regulatory Subunits ◽  
And Function

Structural symmetry is a hallmark of homomeric ion channels. Nonobligatory regulatory proteins can also critically define the precise functional role of such channels. For instance, the pore-forming subunit of the large conductance voltage and calcium-activated potassium (BK, Slo1, or KCa1.1) channels encoded by a single KCa1.1 gene assembles in a fourfold symmetric fashion. Functional diversity arises from two families of regulatory subunits, β and γ, which help define the range of voltages over which BK channels in a given cell are activated, thereby defining physiological roles. A BK channel can contain zero to four β subunits per channel, with each β subunit incrementally influencing channel gating behavior, consistent with symmetry expectations. In contrast, a γ1 subunit (or single type of γ1 subunit complex) produces a functionally all-or-none effect, but the underlying stoichiometry of γ1 assembly and function remains unknown. Here we utilize two distinct and independent methods, a Forster resonance energy transfer-based optical approach and a functional reporter in single-channel recordings, to reveal that a BK channel can contain up to four γ1 subunits, but a single γ1 subunit suffices to induce the full gating shift. This requires that the asymmetric association of a single regulatory protein can act in a highly concerted fashion to allosterically influence conformational equilibria in an otherwise symmetric K+channel.

Abstract 950: Direct Evidence for an Important Role of Agonist-independent Constitutive I K,ACh Channel Activity in Atrial Tachycardia Remodeling

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Voigt ◽  
Ange Maguy ◽  
Yung-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Xiao-Yan Qi ◽  
Ursula Ravens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Tachycardia ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Open Probability ◽  
Direct Demonstration ◽  
Open Time ◽  
Therapy Target ◽  
Channel Properties ◽  
Constitutively Active

Background: Although atrial tachycardia (AT) appears to promote agonist-independent constitutively active I K,ACh that increases susceptibility to AF, direct demonstration of dysregulated I K,ACh channel function is lacking. We studied AT effects on single I K,ACh channel activity in dog atria. Methods: I K,ACh channel activity was recorded with cell-attached patch clamp in isolated atrial myocytes of control (CTL) and AT (7 days, 400 min −1 ) dogs. Results : AT prolonged inducible AF duration from 44±22 to 413±167 s; N=9 dogs/gp, P<0.001. In the absence of cholinergic stimulation, single-channel openings with typical I K,ACh conductance and rectification were observed in CTL and AT (Figure ). AT produced prominent agonist-independent I K,ACh activity due to 7-fold increased opening frequency (f o ) and 10-fold increased open probability (P o ) vs CTL (P<0.01 for each), but unaltered open time and single channel conductance. With maximum I K,ACh activation (10 μm carbachol, CCh), f o was 38% lower, open time constant 25% higher, and P o and unitary conductance unchanged for AT vs CTL. The selective Kir3 blocker tertiapin (100 nM) reduced f o and P o by 48% and 51% (P<0.05 each) without altering other channel properties, confirming the identity of I K,ACh. Conclusions : AT produces prominent agonist-independent constitutive single-channel I K,ACh activity, providing a molecular basis for previously-observed AT-enhanced macroscopic I K,ACh , as well as associated AP-shortening and tertiapin-suppressible AF promotion. These results suggest an important role for constitutively active I K,ACh channels in AT-remodeling and support their interest as a potential novel AF-therapy target.

scholarly journals Characterization and function of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in arteriolar muscle cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. H27-H34 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Jackson ◽  
Kevin L. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Maximal Activation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Resting Tone

We examined the functional role of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+(KCa) channels in the hamster cremasteric microcirculation by intravital videomicroscopy and characterized the single-channel properties of these channels in inside-out patches of membrane from enzymatically isolated cremasteric arteriolar muscle cells. In second-order (39 ± 1 μm, n = 8) and third-order (19 ± 2 μm, n = 8) cremasteric arterioles with substantial resting tone, superfusion with the KCa channel antagonists tetraethylammonium (TEA, 1 mM) or iberiotoxin (IBTX, 100 nM) had no significant effect on resting diameters ( P > 0.05). However, TEA potentiated O2-induced arteriolar constriction in vivo, and IBTX enhanced norepinephrine-induced contraction of cremasteric arteriolar muscle cells in vitro. Patch-clamp studies revealed unitary K+-selective and IBTX-sensitive currents with a single-channel conductance of 240 ± 2 pS between −60 and 60 mV ( n = 7 patches) in a symmetrical 140 mM K+ gradient. The free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) for half-maximal channel activation was 44 ± 3, 20 ± 1, 6 ± 0.4, and 3 ± 0.5 μM at membrane potentials of −60, −30, +30, and +60 mV, respectively ( n = 5), with a Hill coefficient of 1.9 ± 0.2. Channel activity increased e-fold for a 16 ± 1 mV ( n = 6) depolarization. The plot of log[Ca2+] vs. voltage for half-maximal activation ( V ½) was linear ( r 2 = 0.9843, n = 6); the change in V ½ for a 10-fold change in [Ca2+] was 84 ± 5 mV, and the [Ca2+] for half-maximal activation at 0 mV (Ca0; the Ca2+ set point) was 9 μM. Thus, in vivo, KCa channels are silent in cremasteric arterioles at rest but can be recruited during vasoconstriction. We propose that the high Ca0 is responsible for the apparent lack of activity of these channels in resting cremasteric arterioles, and we suggest that this may result from expression of unique KCa channels in the microcirculation.

Intracellular ADP-ribose inhibits ATP-sensitive K+ channels in rat ventricular myocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. C464-C468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. G. Kwak ◽  
S. K. Park ◽  
U. H. Kim ◽  
M. K. Han ◽  
J. S. Eun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Rat Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Cyclic Adp Ribose ◽  
The Hill

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), an NAD metabolite, has been shown to be a messenger for Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular Ca2+ stores. However, the physiological role of ADP-ribose (ADPR), another metabolite of NAD, is not known. We examined the effects of cADPR and ADPR on the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) activity in rat ventricular myocytes by use of the inside-out patch-clamp configuration. ADPR, but not cADPR, inhibited the channel activity at micromolar range with an inhibitor constant (Ki) of 38.4 microM. The Hill coefficient was 0.9. ATP inhibited the K+ channel with a Ki of 77.8 microM, and the Hill coefficient was 1.8. Single-channel conductance was not affected by ADPR. These findings strongly suggest that ADPR may act as a regulator of KATP channel activity.

Actin filament organization is required for proper cAMP-dependent activation of CFTR

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. C1160-C1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana G. Prat ◽  
C. Casey Cunningham ◽  
G. Robert Jackson ◽  
Steven C. Borkan ◽  
Yihan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Excised Patches ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane ◽  
Molecular Nature

Previous studies have indicated a role of the actin cytoskeleton in the regulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel. However, the exact molecular nature of this regulation is still largely unknown. In this report human epithelial CFTR was expressed in human melanoma cells genetically devoid of the filamin homologue actin-cross-linking protein ABP-280 [ABP(−)]. cAMP stimulation of ABP(−) cells or cells genetically rescued with ABP-280 cDNA [ABP(+)] was without effect on whole cell Cl− currents. In ABP(−) cells expressing CFTR, cAMP was also without effect on Cl− conductance. In contrast, cAMP induced a 10-fold increase in the diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC)-sensitive whole cell Cl− currents of ABP(+)/CFTR(+) cells. Further, in cells expressing both CFTR and a truncated form of ABP-280 unable to cross-link actin filaments, cAMP was also without effect on CFTR activation. Dialysis of ABP-280 or filamin through the patch pipette, however, resulted in a DPC-inhibitable increase in the whole cell currents of ABP(−)/CFTR(+) cells. At the single-channel level, protein kinase A plus ATP activated single Cl−channels only in excised patches from ABP(+)/CFTR(+) cells. Furthermore, filamin alone also induced Cl− channel activity in excised patches of ABP(−)/CFTR(+) cells. The present data indicate that an organized actin cytoskeleton is required for cAMP-dependent activation of CFTR.

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