scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel Prepared from Spent Bleaching Clay Residual Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1619-1626
Author(s):  
Tarique Panhwar ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar ◽  
Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi ◽  
Aijaz Ali Laghari ◽  
Abdulaziz E. Atabani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Bleaching Clay ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Spent Bleaching Clay

Residual oil recovery using bio-ethanol from spent bleaching clay and its characterization

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kamal Abdul Aziz ◽  
Noor Azian Morad ◽  
Noor Baini Nabila Muhamad ◽  
Takayuki Okayama ◽  
Ryota Kose
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Bleaching Clay ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Spent Bleaching Clay

scholarly journals Co-valorization of agro-industry by-products: effect of citrus oil on the quality of soap derived from palm fatty acid distillate and spent bleaching clay

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
Teerasak Punvichai ◽  
Daniel Pioch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Bleaching Clay ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Basic Solution ◽  
Soap Content ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Spent Bleaching Clay ◽  
By Products ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

This study deals with the co-valorization of spent bleaching clay (SBC) and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) –by-products of palm oil refining plants- through soap manufacture. Obtained SBC and PFAD samples show differing acidity and saponification values depending on fatty acids and acylglycerols content. Soaps are prepared using the stoichiometric amount of NaOH, under the varying proportion of water introduced through the basic solution. The mixing SBC and PFAD (ratio 1:3), the reaction completion (92.5%) is surprisingly higher than expected, indicating a synergistic effect on the course of the saponification reaction. The water is also a critical parameter, 30% w/w of added water allowing the highest yield. When testing for cleaning efficiency the products having the highest soap content, those from individual by-products give a low microbial count reduction after hand-washing (30-37%). But a much better score (74%) is obtained when using SBC:PFAD soap mixtures. This improvement could be due to abrasive and absorption effects of the clay, combined with the high soap content. The acceptability through a panel test is good for all soaps when formulated with citrus oil. The most active product corresponds to a SBC:PFAD ratio close to the production one in refining plants. Therefore these results provide an easy way for co-valorising these by-products, after further optimizing the saponification reaction in this complex triphasic medium (aqueous solution, oil, clay).

Recycling of Spent Bleaching Clay and Oil Recovery

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Al-Zahrani ◽  
M.A. Daous
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Bleaching Clay ◽  
Spent Bleaching Clay

scholarly journals Plant Design for Regeneration of Spent Bleaching Clay by Boil-Off Method and Acid Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Abdul khaled ◽  
Taha Ghaith ◽  
Al-Bara Al-Zubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Bleaching Clay ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Spent Bleaching Clay

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spent Bleaching Clay as a Feed Supplement in Layer Diets

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1990-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT BLAIR ◽  
JEANNE GAGNON ◽  
R.E. SALMON ◽  
M.D. PICKARD
Keyword(s):  
Bleaching Clay ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Spent Bleaching Clay
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