scholarly journals Distillation Time Modifies Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Thomas Horgan ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
Vicki Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Depolymerized carrageenan ameliorates growth, physiological attributes, essential oil yield and active constituents of Foeniculum vulgare Mill

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Hashmi ◽  
M. Masroor A. Khan ◽  
Moinuddin ◽  
Mohd Idrees ◽  
Zeba H. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Physiological Attributes ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

scholarly journals Distillation Time Effect on Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Sagewort (Artemisia annua L.) Oil

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1288-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
Thomas Horgan ◽  
Vicki Schlegel ◽  
Xavier Simonnet
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Sweet Wormwood ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Reporting Data

Sweet sagewort, also known as sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.), contains essential oil and other natural products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight different distillation times (DTs; 1.25 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 80 minutes, and 160 minutes) on A. annua essential oil and its antioxidant capacity. Highest essential oil yield was achieved at 160-minute DT. The concentration of camphor (8.7% to 50% in the oil) was highest at the shorter DT and reached a minimum at 160-minute DT. The concentration of borneol showed a similar trend as the concentration of camphor. The concentrations of some constituents in the oil were highest at 2.5-minute DT (alpha-pinene and camphene), at 10 minutes (paracymene), at 20 minutes (beta-chamigrene and gamma-himachalene), at 80 minutes [transmuurola-4(15),5-diene and spathulenol], at 80- to 160-minute DT (caryophylene oxide and cis-cadin-4-en-ol), or at 160-minute DT (beta-caryophyllene, transbeta-farnesene, and germacrene-D). The yield of individual constituents reached maximum at 20- to 160-minute DT (camphor) at 80- to 160-minute DT [paracymene, borneol, transmuurola-4(15),5-diene, and spathulenol], or at 160-minute DT (for the rest of the oil constituents). DT can be used to attain A. annua essential oil with differential and possibly targeted specific chemical profile. The highest antioxidant capacity of the oil was obtained at 20-minute DT and the lowest from the oil in the 5-minute DT. This study suggests that literature reports on essential oil content and composition of A. annua could be compared only if the essential oil was extracted at similar DTs. Therefore, DT must be reported when reporting data on essential oil content and composition of A. annua.

scholarly journals Volatile Fraction of Lavender and Bitter Fennel Infusion Extracts

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tschiggerl ◽  
Franz Bucar
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Proportional Decrease ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

The relative proportions of chemical classes (hydrocarbons, oxides, alcohols/ethers, aldehydes/ketones, acids/esters/lactones) in the essential oil of lavender ( Lavendula Angustifolia Mill., family Lamiaceae) and bitter fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare (Mill.) Thellung, family Apiaceae) and in the volatile fraction of infusion extracts were examined and showed remarkable differences. The volatile compounds of infusions were isolated by hydrodistillation and solid phase extraction (SPE). Their qualitative and semiquantitative compositions were compared with the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation directly from the plant material and analyzed by GC-MS. Furthermore, quantification of the major constituents of lavender oil and of the volatile fraction obtained by hydrodistillation of the infusion was performed. Comparison of the total essential oil yield quantified by hydrodistillation of the lavender infusion (0.7% v/w, corresponding to plant material) with the essential oil yield of the blossoms (5.1% v/w) revealed that only 13.9% of the initial oil could be extracted by infusion. The main constituents of the volatile fraction of the lavender infusion were (hydrodistillation/SPE): linalool (39.3%/28.2%), 1,8 cineole (24.8%/18.9%), cis-linalool oxide (furanoid) (5.8%/8.0%), trans-linalool oxide (furanoid) (4.1%/7.1%), camphor (5.3%/4.0%) and α-terpineol (4.0%/3.0%). The major constituents of lavender essential oil were linalool (28.8%), 1,8-cineole (18.05%), linalyl acetate (13.9%) and α-terpineol (4.0%). Most intriguing, in the volatile fraction of lavender infusion a significant proportional decrease of linalyl acetate and an increase of linalool oxides was recognized. The essential oil yield of fennel fruits was 12.5% v/w, whereas 1.8% v/w volatile fraction (corresponding to plant material) was obtained by hydrodistillation of the fennel infusion, which is equivalent to 14.5% of the initial fennel essential oil. The main constituents of the volatile fraction of the fennel infusion were (hydrodistillation/SPE): trans-anethole (56.4%/54.8%), fenchone (36.2%/39.5%) and estragole (2.5%/2.2%), which were also the major compounds of the genuine bitter fennel essential oil. In infusions, the proportion of ethers vs. ketones was shifted significantly towards a higher proportion of the latter compared with the essential oil obtained from the fruits.

scholarly journals Landscape and Local Drivers Affecting Flying Insects along Fennel Crops (Foeniculum vulgare, Apiaceae) and Implications for Its Yield

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Lucie Schurr ◽  
Benoît Geslin ◽  
Laurence Affre ◽  
Sophie Gachet ◽  
Marion Delobeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Insect Abundance ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Agricultural landscapes are increasingly characterized by intensification and habitat losses. Landscape composition and configuration are known to mediate insect abundance and richness. In the context of global insect decline, and despite 75% of crops being dependent on insects, there is still a gap of knowledge about the link between pollinators and aromatic crops. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is an aromatic plant cultivated in the South of France for its essential oil, which is of great economic interest. Using pan-traps, we investigated the influence of the surrounding habitats at landscape scale (semi-natural habitat proportion and vicinity, landscape configuration) and local scale agricultural practices (insecticides and patch size) on fennel-flower-visitor abundance and richness, and their subsequent impact on fennel essential oil yield. We found that fennel may to be a generalist plant species. We did not find any effect of intense local management practices on insect abundance and richness. Landscape configuration and proximity to semi-natural habitat were the main drivers of flying insect family richness. This richness positively influenced fennel essential oil yield. Maintaining a complex configuration of patches at the landscape scale is important to sustain insect diversity and crop yield.

scholarly journals Identification of VOCs in essential oils extracted using ultrasound- and microwave-assisted methods from sweet cherry flower

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Hongguang Yan ◽  
Quan Li ◽  
Hui Lin ◽  
Xiaopeng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

AbstractThe floral fragrance of plants is an important indicator in their evaluation. The aroma of sweet cherry flowers is mainly derived from their essential oil. In this study, based on the results of a single-factor experiment, a Box–Behnken design was adopted for ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction of essential oil from sweet cherry flowers of the Brooks cultivar. With the objective of extracting the maximum essential oil yield (w/w), the optimal extraction process conditions were a liquid–solid ratio of 52 mL g−1, an extraction time of 27 min, and a microwave power of 435 W. The essential oil yield was 1.23%, which was close to the theoretical prediction. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the sweet cherry flowers of four cultivars (Brooks, Black Pearl, Tieton and Summit) were identified via headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results showed that a total of 155 VOCs were identified and classified in the essential oil from sweet cherry flowers of four cultivars, 65 of which were shared among the cultivars. The highest contents of VOCs were aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and esters. Ethanol, linalool, lilac alcohol, acetaldehyde, (E)-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide were the major volatiles, which were mainly responsible for the characteristic aroma of sweet cherry flowers. It was concluded that the VOCs of sweet cherry flowers were qualitatively similar; however, relative content differences were observed in the four cultivars. This study provides a theoretical basis for the metabolism and regulation of the VOCs of sweet cherry flowers.

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