HYPERTENSION – A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adia Pilav ◽  
Emira Tanović-Mikulec ◽  
Suada Branković ◽  
Vedran Đido
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Population Approach ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
High Prevalence

Aim. The aim of this paper is to present public health importance of hypertension in population as one of the major CVD risk factor as well as a model of integrated approach to hypertension control at community level. Background. In spite of wide knowledge of pathophysiology and epidemiology in development of hypertension, ability to easily diagnose it, availability of efficient medications, hypertension continues to have high prevalence and setting up hypertension controls poses significant public health challenge. High prevalence of hypertension exists in all countries of the world, regardless of socioeconomic status of the country. It is estimated that the number of people with hypertension by 2025 will rise by 15-20%, and the number of sick people will increase up to 1.5 billion people worldwide. Methods. A review of the relevant literature which discusses the importance of defining clear strategies and interventions in the control of hypertension in countries, with particular emphasis on integrated hypertension management that has the greatest impact. Discussion. Effective and efficient hypertension control requires two approaches: population approach and individual approach to high-risk individuals. The balanced combination of population approach and an approach to access high-risk individuals is vital for the effective control of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions. Health systems in every country must be flexible and ready to provide adequate model of integrated approach to hypertension control at community level understanding their own local needs.

scholarly journals Endemicity of malaria in rural areas: A prospective longitudinal study in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Mohammad Athar Ansari ◽  
Iqbal Mohd Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Paramedical Staff ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The aim of the study is to assess the magnitude of the problem and certain epidemiological factors associated with malaria and examine the changing pattern of malaria through its parameters of measurement during 2009-2011. The study was carried out at the Rural Health Training Center (RHTC), under the J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Mus-lim University, Aligarh, (India) for three years from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2011. Teams of doctors and paramedical staff regularly visited the villages. If any person was found to be suffering from fever, his/her blood was examined for the malaria parasite. Patients were given presumptive treatment and radical treatment if slides were positive. The findings of the study demonstrated that the number of malaria cases increased during the study period, but in the year 2010, a sudden upsurge was noticed. Out of 5594 patients, most of the patients seen were in the age group of 11-20 years (34.3%). P. vivax (96.2%) was the most common malaria infection in these areas. An increasing trend of malaria was seen from July to October. Most of the parameters of malaria measurement in-creased many folds in 2010 and showed a declining trend in 2011. The overall findings of the study indicated the high endemicity of malaria in the study area and demonstrated a changing pattern of malaria in the registered vil-lages as most of the parameters of malaria measurement increased. An integrated approach is needed which in-cludes mass survey or active surveillance, and appropriate drug therapy to tackle this public health problem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15940 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 28-33

scholarly journals Individual-, Household-, and Community-Level Determinants of Childhood Undernutrition in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233339281987655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moriam Khanam ◽  
Shafiun N. Shimul ◽  
Abdur Razzaque Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Childhood Undernutrition

Introduction: Childhood undernutrition is a crucial public health problem globally. The objective of this study is to measure the prevalence of childhood undernutrition and assess the distinct role of various factors on childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh. Methods: This study utilized the latest cross-sectional data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. A total of 7256 data on children younger than 5 years old were analyzed. The undernutrition status of children was assessed by stunting (height-for-age), wasting (weight-for-height), and underweight (weight-for-age), while bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify various individual-, household-, and community-level factors of childhood undernutrition. Results: The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 36.5%, 14.6%, and 32.5%, respectively. Along with various individual- and household-level factors (eg, age, recent diarrheal disease, fever, number of under-5 children in the household, mother’s education and nutritional status, and wealth status), community index, particularly regional and geographic variation of community, had significant role for childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Childhood undernutrition is an overwhelming public health issue in Bangladesh. In order to improve the nutritional status of under-5 children, interventions should take into account the various predictors discussed in this study. Indeed, a joint effort by the government, nongovernmental organizations, and the community is necessary to improve the childhood nutritional status in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Public Health Law Strategies for Suicide Prevention Using the Socioecological Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (S2) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Cerulli ◽  
Amy Winterfeld ◽  
Monica Younger ◽  
Jill Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Individual

Suicide is a public health problem which will require an integrated cross-sector approach to help reduce prevalence rates. One strategy is to include the legal system in a more integrated way with suicide prevention efforts. Caine (2013) explored a public health approach to suicide prevention, depicting risk factors across the socio-ecological model. The purpose of this paper is to examine laws that impact suicide prevention at the individual, relational, community, and societal levels. These levels are fluid, and some interventions will fall between two, such as a community-level approach to training that enhances provider-patient relationships. At the individual level, we will review laws to improve screening requirements across systems. At the relational level, we note interventions with couples having conflict, such as protection orders and access to attorney consultations, which have been known to be injury prevention mechanisms. At the community level, we discuss legislation that recommends suicide prevention efforts for key individuals working as frontline providers in the medical and educational systems. At the societal level, we explore public awareness campaigns that target stigma reduction for those suffering from mental health burden and enhance linkage to care. The article closes with the discussion that laws are good, but their implementation is essential.

scholarly journals Disruptions to schistosomiasis programmes due to COVID-19: an analysis of potential impact and mitigation strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klodeta Kura ◽  
Diepreye Ayabina ◽  
Jaspreet Toor ◽  
T. Deirdre Hollingsworth ◽  
Roy M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mass Treatment ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Central Pillar ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe 2030 goal for schistosomiasis is elimination as a public health problem (EPHP), with mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel to school-aged children (SAC) a central pillar of the strategy. However, due to COVID-19, many mass treatment campaigns for schistosomiasis have been halted with uncertain implications for the programmes.MethodWe use mathematical modelling to explore how postponement of MDA and various mitigation strategies affect achievement of the EPHP goal for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium.ResultsIn moderate and some high prevalence settings, the disruption may delay the goal by up to two years. In some high prevalence settings EPHP is not achievable with current strategies, and so the disruption will not impact this. Here, increasing SAC coverage and treating adults can achieve the goal.The impact of MDA disruption and the appropriate mitigation strategy varies according to the baseline prevalence prior to treatment, the burden of infection in adults and stage of the programme.ConclusionsSchistosomiasis MDA programmes in medium and high prevalence areas should restart as soon as is feasible, and mitigation strategies may be required in some settings.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Prediction of COVID-19 Based on Epidemiological Data From Spatiotemporal Geography

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong He ◽  
Chunshan Zhou ◽  
Yuqu Wang ◽  
Xiaodie Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
And Control

COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease and public health hazard that has been wreaking havoc around the world; thus, assessing and simulating the risk of the current pandemic is crucial to its management and prevention. The severe situation of COVID-19 around the world cannot be ignored, and there are signs of a second outbreak; therefore, the accurate assessment and prediction of COVID-19 risks, as well as the prevention and control of COVID-19, will remain the top priority of major public health agencies for the foreseeable future. In this study, the risk of the epidemic in Guangzhou was first assessed through logistic regression (LR) on the basis of Tencent-migration data and urban point of interest (POI) data, and then the regional distribution of high- and low-risk epidemic outbreaks in Guangzhou in February 2021 was predicted. The main factors affecting the distribution of the epidemic were also analyzed by using geographical detectors. The results show that the number of cases mainly exhibited a declining and then increasing trend in 2020, and the high-risk areas were concentrated in areas with resident populations and floating populations. In addition, in February 2021, the “Spring Festival travel rush” in China was predicted to be the peak period of population movement. The epidemic risk value was also predicted to reach its highest level at external transportation stations, such as Baiyun Airport and Guangzhou South Railway Station. The accuracy verification showed that the prediction accuracy exceeded 99%. Finally, the interaction between the resident population and floating population could explain the risk of COVID-19 to the highest degree, which indicates that the effective control of population agglomeration and interaction is conducive to the prevention and control of COVID-19. This study identifies and predicts high-risk areas of the epidemic, which has important practical value for urban public health prevention and control and containment of the second outbreak of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of cysticercosis from 2000 to 2014 in Dali, Yunnan province, China.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanzhang Li ◽  
Xinzhong Zang ◽  
Xiaokang Hu ◽  
Eniola Michael Abe ◽  
Menbao Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Control

Cysticercosis remains a public health problem in China, with disease prevalence attributed to poor socio-economic and public health conditions. This parasitic food-borne disease was prioritized for effective control following implementation of the national surveys on parasitic diseases carried out in China. We predicted the cysticercosis distribution in Dali, Yunnan Province by assessing spatio-temporal distribution characteristics between 2000 and 2014 to better understand the trend of the disease incidence. A database of cysticercosis cases was provided by the clinical department at the Dali Prefectural Institute of Research and Control of Schistosomiasis. Describing the epidemiological features of cysticercosis and analyzing its spatiotemporal distribution of cases using mapping, scanning and spatial autocorrelation analysis, our findings found a total of 3,347 patients with cysticercosis infection, neurocysticercosis in particular. Cysticercosis prevalence was the highest among young and middle-aged male farmers, and also predominant among the Bai nationality. Three aggregation areas were identified during the period 2000-2014. Hotspot analysis implicated Dali City, Eryuan County and Yangbi County between 2000 and 2007, with areas gradually shifting towards the western and northern parts of the province. The hotspot map indicated that Eryuan County was a constant problem with respect to cysticercosis. The results indicated three cysticercosis clusters in Dali that could be attributed to environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyles. Multi-sectoral control initiatives are, therefore, recommended in these areas to effectively control and prevent cysticercosis among the population.

scholarly journals The contemporary management of neck pain in adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Junior V Fandim ◽  
Renato Nitzsche ◽  
Zoe A Michaleff ◽  
Leonardo Oliveira Pena Costa ◽  
Bruno Saragiotto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Contemporary Management

Neck pain is a common condition with a high prevalence worldwide. Neck pain is associated with significant levels of disability and is widely considered an important public health problem. Neck pain is defined as pain perceived between the superior nuchal line and the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra. In some types of neck conditions, the pain can be referred to the head, trunk and upper limbs. This article aims to provide an overview of the available evidence on prevalence, costs, diagnosis, prognosis, risk factors, prevention and management of patients with neck pain.

LA ORIENTACIÓN FAMILIAR DE LAS ADOLESCENTES DE 12 A 14 AÑOS CON EMBARAZOS DE ALTO RIESGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Maira Verónica Vera Saavedra ◽  
Viviana Septimia Gómez Mieles
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
High Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Family Orientation

En la provincia de Manabí en el cantón Sucre Bahía de Caráquez, el Embarazo Adolescente es un problema de salud pública ya que por los últimos resultados dados por  el área de Ginecología del Hospital Miguel H. Alcívar y por las repercusiones biológicas y sociales, son pocos los estudios orientados al enfoque de esta situación. En la actualidad el embarazo en adolescentes es cada día más frecuente en el medio social, siendo un problema muy importante relacionado con la salud pública, ya sea en los países en vías de desarrollo como en el mundo desarrollado, debido a sus repercusiones adversas sociales y de salud, tanto para las madres como para los niños. El embarazo precoz de una adolescente implica múltiples causas como: incomprensión, maltrato emocional, carencia de apoyo, carencia de educación sexual, etc. El embarazo y la maternidad tienen un carácter negativo tanto para la joven como para su hijo o hija e incluso para todos los miembros de su familia. Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo observacional transversal y retrospectivo en el que se pretende fijar el perfil personal y social de las adolescentes embarazadas, mediante charlas que tengan como enfoque la orientación familiar debidamente programada y organizada, para no sucumbir en embarazos no deseados. PALABRAS CLAVE: Orientación familiar; embarazo en la adolescencia; embarazo de alto riesgo.  FAMILY ORIENTATION OF ADOLESCENTS FROM 12 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE WITH HIGH RISK PREGNANCY  ABSTRACT In the province of Manabí in the Sucre Bay of Caráquez, Adolescent Pregnancy is a public health problem because of the recent results given by the Gynecology area of the Hospital Miguel H. Alcívar and because of the biological and social repercussions, few are the studies oriented to the approach of this situation. Currently adolescent pregnancy is becoming more frequent in the social environment, being a very important problem related to public health, either in developing countries or in the developed world, due to its adverse social and economic repercussions. of health, both for mothers and children. The early pregnancy of a teenager implies multiple causes such as: incomprehension, emotional abuse, lack of support, lack of sexual education, etc. Pregnancy and motherhood have a negative character both for the young woman and her son or daughter and even for all the members of her family. A cross-sectional and retrospective observational descriptive study has been carried out in which the personal and social profile of pregnant adolescents is set, through talks that focus on family orientation, duly programmed and organized, so as not to succumb to unwanted pregnancies. KEYWORDS: Family counseling; pregnancy in adolescence; high risk pregnancy

Abstract P317: Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in the Southern Cone of Latin America

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo L Rubinstein ◽  
Vilma E Irazola ◽  
Rosana Poggio ◽  
Fernando Lanas ◽  
Matías Calandrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
University Education ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
And Control

Objective: Hypertension is the major preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature deaths worldwide. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in a multistage-probabilistic sample of around 8,000 subjects aged 35-74 years old from 4 cities of the Southern Cone of Latin America (SCLA): Bariloche and Marcos Paz in Argentina, Temuco in Chile and Canelones in Uruguay, to estimate the prevalence and distribution of hypertension, and to determine hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in this population. Methods: Three blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained by trained observers. Data on history of hypertension and use of BP medications was obtained from a standard questionnaire. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg and/or use of antihypertensive drugs. Prevalence of hypertension was calculated by weighting sampling factors derived from population census data from 2010 for each city. Results: Of the adult population aged 35-74 yrs, 43.3 % (44.7% in men and 41.5% in women) had hypertension. The age-specific prevalence was 24.9%, 39.8%, 59%, and 71.8% for ages 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 yrs, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of hypertension decreased with the levels of education (52.2%, 40.7% and 33.6% for primary, secondary and tertiary/university education, respectively). Overall, 62.2% of hypertensives were aware of their diagnosis, 47.7 % were under drug treatment, and 21.5 % achieved BP control (<140/90 mm Hg). The percentage of patients, who were aware, treated, and controlled was 53.3 %, 37.7 %, and 13.6 %, respectively in men, and 73.9 %, 60.9 %, and 31.7 % in women. The age-specific rate of awareness was 38.6%, 55.8%, 70.9%, and 78.4% for ages 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 yrs. The hypertension control rates were 13.5%, 16.6%, 24.3% and 30.0% for patients aged 35-44, 45-54, 55-65, and 65-74 yrs. The control rates were 62.4%, 44.6%, 41.7%, and 41.9% among those who were under drug treatment for the above age-groups. Conclusion: In the SCLA, hypertension remains a significant public health problem. The prevalence of hypertension is high while the awareness, treatment and control are unacceptably low in the general population and vary by age, gender, and education levels. There is a clear gradient by age regarding hypertension control, which is better in the oldest stratum. This finding seems to be related to better awareness rates and hence more chances to be treated for aged subjects. However, when considering only those who are receiving drug treatment, the youngest are better controlled than the oldest, mainly due to higher levels of BP in the latter. These data provide a basis for targeting public health policies to reduce BP levels and the prevalence of hypertension in the region.

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