scholarly journals Eye irritation tests of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) and chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) using a tissue model of reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. e2019004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyoung Park ◽  
Handule Lee ◽  
Kwangsik Park
Keyword(s):  
Human Cornea ◽  
Eye Irritation ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine ◽  
Guanidine Phosphate

scholarly journals Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Induces Apoptosis through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Lung Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Mi Ho Jeong ◽  
Mi Seon Jeon ◽  
Ga Eun Kim ◽  
Ha Ryong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Cell Death ◽  
Guanidine Phosphate

Airway epithelial cell death contributes to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), commonly used as a disinfectant, has been shown to be strongly associated with lung fibrosis in epidemiological and toxicological studies. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PHMG-p-induced epithelial cell death is currently unclear. We synthesized a PHMG-p–fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate and assessed its uptake into lung epithelial A549 cells. To examine intracellular localization, the cells were treated with PHMG-p–FITC; then, the cytoplasmic organelles were counterstained and observed with confocal microscopy. Additionally, the organelle-specific cell death pathway was investigated in cells treated with PHMG-p. PHMG-p–FITC co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and PHMG-p induced ER stress in A549 cells and mice. The ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was used as a pre-treatment to verify the role of ER stress in PHMG-p-induced cytotoxicity. The cells treated with PHMG-p showed apoptosis, which was inhibited by TUDCA. Our results indicate that PHMG-p is rapidly located in the ER and causes ER-stress-mediated apoptosis, which is an initial step in PHMG-p-induced lung fibrosis.

Respiratory Toxicity of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Exposure in Zebrafish

Zebrafish ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanseul Oh ◽  
C-Yoon Kim ◽  
Bokyeong Ryu ◽  
Ukjin Kim ◽  
Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine ◽  
Guanidine Phosphate ◽  
Respiratory Toxicity

Evaluation of the EpiOcularTM Tissue Model as an Alternative to the Draize Eye Irritation Test

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stern ◽  
M. Klausner ◽  
R. Alvarado ◽  
K. Renskers ◽  
M. Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Eye Irritation ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
Irritation Test

Me-too validation study for in vitro eye irritation test with 3D-reconstructed human cornea epithelium, MCTT HCETM

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-E Lim ◽  
Su Jin Ha ◽  
Won-Hee Jang ◽  
Kyung-Mi Jung ◽  
Mi-Sook Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Validation Study ◽  
Human Cornea ◽  
Eye Irritation ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Cornea Epithelium
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