scholarly journals Irilen på Øverby i Vingulmark

Viking ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Iversen ◽  
Karoline Kjesrud ◽  
Harald Bjorvand ◽  
Justin J. L. Kimball ◽  
Sigrid Mannsåker Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Context ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
Language History ◽  
And Migration

The iril at Øverby in Vingulmark This article presents the first interpretation of a 5th century proto-Norse runic inscription discovered in 2017 at Øverby, Østfold, Norway: "Cut runes in, skilled iril, for Isni”. The meaning of the word iril is discussed in light of the ten other proto-Norse inscriptions in Scandinavia where irils are mentioned. Through analysis of the language, history, archaeology and landscape context of all the iril inscriptions, we argue that the iril in the Roman and Migration period was a military leader, an earl, subordinate to a King. The iril at Øverby was Earl in the medieval shire of Vingulmark. The Earls in this period were located in strategic places in the outskirts of larger habitation areas close to the shire borders. The findings are set in context with among other Danish bog offering sites. We consider the iril a military leader for major warrior groups that fought in Scandinavia and on the continent 1500–1800 years ago. 

North European Rock Art

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Goldhahn
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Bronze Age

This chapter offers a long-term perspective on rock art in northern Europe. It first provides an overview of research on the rock art traditions of northern Europe before discussing the societies and cultures that created such traditions. It then considers examples of rock art made by hunter-gatherer societies in northern Europe, focusing on the first rock art boom related to Neolithization. It also examines the second rock art boom, which was associated with social and religious changes within farming communities that took place around 1600–1400 bc. The chapter concludes by analysing the breakdown of long-distance networks in the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age and its consequences for the making of rock art within the southern traditions, as well as the use of rock art sites during the Pre-Roman Iron Age, Roman Iron Age, and Migration Period.

scholarly journals A Place for Proletarians? A Contextual Hypothesis on Social Space in Roman and Migration Period Long-Houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Gustav Wollentz
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Small Room

In some Scandinavian long-houses from the Roman and Migration periods there has existed a small room between the byre and its nearest gable. Several factors make it likely that it was used for habitation. Ou the basis of a contextual analysis, it is suggested that it should be interpreted as housing land-less depeudauts of the estateowner.

scholarly journals Environmental historical analysis of the Sarmatian and Gepids settlement of Rákóczifalva

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-156
Author(s):  
Beáta Tugya ◽  
Katalin Náfrádi ◽  
Sándor Gulyás ◽  
Tünde Törőcsik ◽  
Balázs Pál Sümegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Great Hungarian Plain ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
Hungarian Plain

AbstractWe present the results of the environmental historical and geoarchaeological analysis of Rákóczifalva-Bagi- földek and Rákóczifalva-Rokkant-földek archeological sites in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County.1 They were discovered in the course of several hectares of archaeological excavations related to the Roman Age and Migration Period, especially the Sarmatian and the Gepids era. A significant number of Gepids sites and finds2 were found in both the investigated areas and the wider area of the site, in the middle reach of the Tisza valley. So the geoarchaeological and environmental historical analysis of the Sarmatian and Late-Sarmatian and Gepids sites in Rákóczifalva can also provide a model for the settling strategy and lifestyle of the Sarmatian and Gepids communities.3 The purpose of our work is to present how geoarchaeological and environmental historical factors impacted local settling and lifestyles in the Gepids communities and Sarmatian-Late Sarmatian communities as well4 during the Roman Age and the Migration Period. In addition, to demonstrate the relationship of the Sarmatian and Gepids communities and their environment in the Rákóczifalva site compared to other Gepids5 and Sarmatian and Late Sarmatian communities in the Great Hungarian Plain.6Based on the number of objects containing animal bones and the amount of bones found in them, we can reconstruct considerable settling in the Celtic, Sarmatian, Gepids, Avar and Arpadian periods. The number of objects from the Linear Pottery culture (Great Hungarian Plain) and the Bodrogkeresztúr culture is high; however, the number of animal bones is low. On the basis of the bones discovered, we can count on a smaller settlement during the Tiszapolgár culture, the Hunyadihalom group, the Halomíros culture, the Gava culture and during the Scythians period.In this paper, we present the results of the Sarmatian, Late Sarmatian and the Gepid findings since the largest number of animal bones (except the Avar period) turned up from these periods. Our aim was to compare the animal husbandry, meat consumption and hunting habits of the Oriental origin Sarmatians and the Germanic Gepids communities. Bone artefacts and bone anvils have been found in the archaeological material of both ethnic groups.

A novel genre: polylingualism and magical realism in Amitav Ghosh's The circle of reason

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-441
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE JONES
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Magical Realism ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Felix Guattari ◽  
Realist Novel ◽  
Language History ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Big History

This paper traces how Amitav Ghosh's novel The circle of reason (1986) inscribes what might be termed a ‘magical real’ sensibility of quotidian extreme, wild coincidence and tangential, picaresque epic against bounded ideas of language, history and genre. The perception of a linear shift from the British Empire into a postcolonial world of discrete nations is challenged by Ghosh's portrayal of a teeming world of transverse histories. This diffusion of ‘big history’ into the long movements and strange moments of diaspora is most crucially drawn out through Ghosh's heightened, sometimes perplexed and at other times enchanted, exploration of what might be described—using the work of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari—as the ‘polylingualism’ of language. Ghosh portrays a world in which the smaller terms of community belie the ideologies of nation impressed by the ‘traditional’ realist novel form—and the apparently organic, rooted terms of ‘community’ are themselves collapsed into a recognition that all people can be traced back to histories of displacement and migration.

The North Carpathians at the beginning of the Migration Period

Antiquity ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (247) ◽  
pp. 376-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Pieta
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
Przeworsk Culture ◽  
And Migration ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Late Roman

The problem of identification of the earliest Slavic settlement in central Europe drew researchers’ attention to the archaeological finds of the Late Roman and Migration periods. The simple hand-made pottery of this period in the northern Danube region showed a certain formal resemblance to the vessels of Early Slavic cultures, which provoked the idea of a direct time connection between the first wave of the Slav expansion from the east and the horizon of the preceding Germanic settlement in this territory. A find group from northeast Slovakia, known mainly from the small settlement at Presov (Chropovský 1962; Točík 1965; Chropovský & Ruttkay 1985), the ’Prešov‘ type, seemed to provide the geographical connection of this ethnic shift. However, different opinions were also expressed, pointing to a possible relationship with the Late Przeworsk culture milieu (Budinský-Krička 1963: 36–7), or connecting the genesis of the Prešov finds with the development of local settlement of the Later Roman period (Lamiová-Schmiedlová 1969: 478; Kolník 1980: 202). Investigations in the North Carpathian area has provided new evidence during the last few years enabling a first evaluation of its settlement.

scholarly journals The immune response of bats differs between pre-migration and migration seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian C. Voigt ◽  
Marcus Fritze ◽  
Oliver Lindecke ◽  
David Costantini ◽  
Gunārs Pētersons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Immune Challenge ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Plasma Haptoglobin

Abstract Maintaining a competent immune system is energetically costly and thus immunity may be traded against other costly traits such as seasonal migration. Here, we tested in long-distance migratory Nathusius’ pipistrelles (Pipistrellus nathusii), if selected branches of immunity are expressed differently in response to the energy demands and oxidative stress of aerial migration. During the migration period, we observed higher baseline lymphocyte and lower neutrophil levels than during the pre-migration period, but no stronger response of cellular effectors to an antigen challenge. Baseline plasma haptoglobin, as a component of the humoral innate immunity, remained similar during both seasons, yet baseline plasma haptoglobin levels increased by a factor of 7.8 in migratory bats during an immune challenge, whereas they did not change during the pre-migration period. Oxidative stress was higher during migration than during pre-migration, yet there was no association between blood oxidative status and immune parameters, and immune challenge did not trigger any changes in oxidative stress, irrespective of season. Our findings suggest that humoral effectors of the acute phase response may play a stronger role in the first-line defense against infections for migrating bats compared to non-migrating bats. We conclude that Nathusius’ pipistrelles allocate resources differently into the branches of their immune system, most likely following current demands resulting from tight energy budgets during migration.

Demonstration of Retinal Glycogen with Silver Methenamine

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 564-565
Author(s):  
A. W. Sedar ◽  
G. H. Bresnick
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Müller Cell ◽  
External Limiting Membrane ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Reactive Process ◽  
Inner Limiting Membrane ◽  
Muller Cell ◽  
And Migration

After experimetnal damage to the retina with a variety of procedures Müller cell hypertrophy and migration occurs. According to Kuwabara and others the reactive process in these injuries is evidenced by a marked increase in amount of glycogen in the Müller cells. These cells were considered originally supporting elements with fiber processes extending throughout the retina from inner limiting membrane to external limiting membrane, but are known now to have high lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and the ability to synthesize glycogen. Since the periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine technique was shown to demonstrate glycogen at the electron microscope level, it was selected to react with glycogen in the fine processes of the Müller cell that ramify among the neural elements in various layers of the retina and demarcate these cells cytologically. The Rhesus monkey was chosen as an example of a well vascularized retina and the rabbit as an example of a avascular retina to explore the possibilities of the technique.

Structure and migration of planar defects in crystals observed in atomic scale

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hashimoto ◽  
Y. Sugimoto ◽  
Y. Takai ◽  
H. Endoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Twist Boundary ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
Zinc Crystal ◽  
And Migration

As was demonstrated by the present authors that atomic structure of simple crystal can be photographed by the conventional 100 kV electron microscope adjusted at “aberration free focus (AFF)” condition. In order to operate the microscope at AFF condition effectively, highly stabilized electron beams with small energy spread and small beam divergence are necessary. In the present observation, a 120 kV electron microscope with LaB6 electron gun was used. The most of the images were taken with the direct electron optical magnification of 1.3 million times and then magnified photographically.1. Twist boundary of ZnSFig. 1 is the image of wurtzite single crystal with twist boundary grown on the surface of zinc crystal by the reaction of sulphur vapour of 1540 Torr at 500°C. Crystal surface is parallel to (00.1) plane and electron beam is incident along the axis normal to the crystal surface. In the twist boundary there is a dislocation net work between two perfect crystals with a certain rotation angle.

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