scholarly journals Barnesentrert pedagogikk i barnehagen

Prismet ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 305-318
Author(s):  
Liv Ingrid Aske Håberg

Artikkelen undersøker kva som kjenneteiknar barnesentrert pedagogikk i barnehage og samfunn, og kva konsekvensar ei slik pedagogisk retning kan ha for barn i vår tid som ofte blir omtala som den postmoderne tidsalderen. Barnesentrert pedagogikk blir for det første omhandla ved å bli definert teoretisk, knytt til danningsteoriar og den didaktiske trekanten. For det andre blir det vist til historiske trekk ved samfunn og kultur som kan ha støtta opp under utvikling av denne typen pedagogikk i barnehagen. For det tredje presenterer artikkelen nyare empirisk forsking som problematiserer om pedagogiske retningar førekjem i reindyrka form eller som hybridar. Til saman legg dette grunnlag for drøfting av om barnesentrert pedagogikk både underbygger narsissistiske tendensar og gir barn eit for stort ansvar for eiga utvikling og læring.Nøkkelord: danning, narsissisme, sjølvverksemd, hybrid pedagogikk, didaktikk, barnehageAbstract: The article looks into the concept of child-centered pedagogy in kindergarten and society and what consequences these pedagogical directions might have for children in our time. Child-centered pedagogy will firstly be theoretically defined through educational theories and the didactic triangle, secondly, through historical aspects of society and culture that might have helped the development of this type of pedagogy in kindergarten. Thirdly, the article presents recent empirical research questioning whether pedagogical directions appear in pure form or as hybrids. Together, this creates a foundation for a discussion of whether child-centered pedagogy both substantiates narcissistic tendencies and gives children too much responsibility for their own development and learning.Key words: education (Bildung), narcissism, self-activity, hybrid pedagogy, didactic, kindergarten

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Wil Knibbeler

Alternative or humanistic approaches to foreign language teach-ing such as the Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Community Language Learning and Confluent Education, have been generated by scholars who are not linguists. An analysis of the ideas underlying the respective approaches leads to the conclusion that they are suitable for advanced students as well as for beginners. Although humanistic approaches are not based on empirical research, they have their roots in sound educational theories. If language teachers want to introduce these approaches into their teaching, they do not have to opt for any of them, but they can select elements from them. An example fo such an integrative approach is The Explorative-Creative Way. Research on processes which occur in second or foreign language classrooms, should be done in accordance with qualitative procedures as wellas with quantitative ones.


Author(s):  
Elizabeth Meins

This chapter begins with Bowlby’s theoretical work in the 1940s and 1950s and the evolution of attachment theory. Ainsworth’s seminal empirical research in the 1960s and 1970s, introducing the concepts of attachment security and caregiver sensitivity, is then discussed. This early theoretical and empirical research on infant attachment is evaluated in light of key findings published in the intervening years. Current views on factors predicting attachment security are presented, focusing on parental state of mind with regard to attachment, the quality of infant–parent interaction, aspects of the social environment, and child-centered factors. The chapter concludes with a summary of important questions on attachment that remain unanswered.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Humberto ◽  
Filipe Moura ◽  
Mariana Giannotti

This manuscript seeks to evaluate changes in the travel behavior of young children (5-6 y/o.) and their caregivers following the implementation of a 4-month program in public preschools in São Paulo (Brazil) with a high prevalence of low-income immigrants. The program was developed around two intervention types: i) weekly inquiry sessions about urban mobility through the Philosophy with Children approach and ii) bimonthly outdoor walking activities in the surroundings of schools. In this way, it was possible to observe positive changes in the perceptions of children’s statements and in the social norms of their caregivers about transportation, as well as significant modal shifts of caregivers towards sustainable mobility, which were evaluated using difference-in-differences and time-series analyses. Besides the identification of changes in the behavior of adult caregivers through child-centered intervention types, this empirical research enabled unraveling the effect of the proposed measures according to the child’s gender, nationality, and level of social vulnerability, including the significant modal shifts towards walking and cycling identified among boys and out of car and motorcycle among native children, which were significant both in post and follow-up measures.In addition to contributions to the evaluation of school-based interventions with data from developing countries, the discussions presented in this paper intend to provide insights into the role of early childhood and perceptions in behavioral changes towards sustainable transport.


2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Erin C. Schafer

Children who use cochlear implants experience significant difficulty hearing speech in the presence of background noise, such as in the classroom. To address these difficulties, audiologists often recommend frequency-modulated (FM) systems for children with cochlear implants. The purpose of this article is to examine current empirical research in the area of FM systems and cochlear implants. Discussion topics will include selecting the optimal type of FM receiver, benefits of binaural FM-system input, importance of DAI receiver-gain settings, and effects of speech-processor programming on speech recognition. FM systems significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the child's ear through the use of three types of FM receivers: mounted speakers, desktop speakers, or direct-audio input (DAI). This discussion will aid audiologists in making evidence-based recommendations for children using cochlear implants and FM systems.


2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.


2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Voracek ◽  
Michael Kossmeier ◽  
Ulrich S. Tran

Abstract. Which data to analyze, and how, are fundamental questions of all empirical research. As there are always numerous flexibilities in data-analytic decisions (a “garden of forking paths”), this poses perennial problems to all empirical research. Specification-curve analysis and multiverse analysis have recently been proposed as solutions to these issues. Building on the structural analogies between primary data analysis and meta-analysis, we transform and adapt these approaches to the meta-analytic level, in tandem with combinatorial meta-analysis. We explain the rationale of this idea, suggest descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, as well as graphical displays, provide code for meta-analytic practitioners to generate and use these, and present a fully worked real example from digit ratio (2D:4D) research, totaling 1,592 meta-analytic specifications. Specification-curve and multiverse meta-analysis holds promise to resolve conflicting meta-analyses, contested evidence, controversial empirical literatures, and polarized research, and to mitigate the associated detrimental effects of these phenomena on research progress.


1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-454
Author(s):  
Henry S. Lufler
Keyword(s):  

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