scholarly journals Coercion as Proof Search in Dependent Type Semantics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Kinoshita ◽  
Koji Mineshima ◽  
Daisuke Bekki
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Proof Search ◽  
Selectional Restriction ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Dependent Type

This paper presents an analysis of coercion and related phenomena in the framework of Dependent Type Semantics (DTS). Using underspecified terms in DTS, we present an analysis of selectional restriction as presupposition; we then combine it with a type called ‘transfer frame’ to provide an analysis of coercion. Our analysis focuses on the fact that coercion is triggered not only by type mismatch between predicates and their arguments, but also by more general inference with contextual information. We show how the analysis can be extended to copredication of logical polysemy and complement coercion. Finally, we will suggest that this analysis can shed light on an aspect of complicity that is invoked in interpreting coercion and other meaning-shifting phenomena.

scholarly journals Seeking Practical CDCL Insights from Theoretical SAT Benchmarks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Elffers ◽  
Jesús Giráldez-Cru ◽  
Stephan Gocht ◽  
Jakob Nordström ◽  
Laurent Simon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Boolean Satisfiability ◽  
Proof System ◽  
Sat Solvers ◽  
Proof Search ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clause Learning ◽  
Resolution Proof ◽  
Shed Light

Over the last decades Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers based on conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) have developed to the point where they can handle formulas with millions of variables. Yet a deeper understanding of how these solvers can be so successful has remained elusive. In this work we shed light on CDCL performance by using theoretical benchmarks, which have the attractive features of being a) scalable, b) extremal with respect to different proof search parameters, and c) theoretically easy in the sense of having short proofs in the resolution proof system underlying CDCL. This allows for a systematic study of solver heuristics and how efficiently they search for proofs. We report results from extensive experiments on a wide range of benchmarks. Our findings include several examples where theory predicts and explains CDCL behaviour, but also raise a number of intriguing questions for further study.

scholarly journals Protection in Life and Death: Pendant Crosses from the Cemetery of Apollo Klarios at Sagalassos, Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-298
Author(s):  
Sam Cleymans ◽  
Peter Talloen
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Funerary Rites ◽  
And Function ◽  
Shed Light

This article presents the different types of pendant crosses found in the burials of a Middle Byzantine graveyard at the Pisidian settlement of Sagalassos in south-western Turkey. The aim is to study both the chronology and function of these pectoral crosses. A variety of sources are used, ranging from stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates to contextual information and skeletal data. The crosses could be broadly dated to between the eleventh and thirteenth century AD, thus providing an indication of the lifespan of the cemetery. Moreover, the typological evolution, which was corroborated by parallels from other sites in the Byzantine Empire, allowed us to establish a horizontal stratigraphy for the graveyard. The pectoral crosses discussed here shed light on the funerary practices in this part of the Byzantine world. These generally proved to belong to very young children. They constitute a category of material culture that not only provides insights into the lives of the Byzantine population, especially in early childhood, but are also the material manifestation of the intersection between popular religion, magic, and funerary rites.

Drivers of Disrupted Communication

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-208
Author(s):  
Alison Wray
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Communication Partners ◽  
The Many ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Communicative Impact

This chapter opens part 3, within which the focus is a new understanding of why communication is challenging in the dementia context and how improvements could be made to practice. The Communicative Impact model is used to shed light on how the various ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ causes of dementia interact with the generation of messages, and why failing to achieve the intended change in one’s world negatively affects one’s confidence and self-esteem. Attention is paid to the high risk of a mismatch of contextual information between people living with a dementia and their interlocutors (communication partners). The many ways in which either party can attempt to fix communication problems is then considered, noting that such solutions can create additional problems, one of which is awkward pragmatic gaps, where the speaker is not sure why an issue has arisen and, thus, how to respond. Finally, brief consideration is given to similarities between communicating with people living with a dementia and people using a second language in which they are not fully proficient.

Reality-Creating Technologies as a Global Phenomenon

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Shed Light

Digital reality technologies have become a global phenomenon that attracts huge attention from researchers and practitioners around the world. ResearchandMarkets.com predicts that the global revenue for both augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications will reach $94.4 billion by 2023. As an introductory chapter to the edited book volume on the global impacts of digital reality technologies, this chapter examines the current state of digital reality technologies around the world. Global, regional, and country statistics are presented to shed light on the diffusion of a variety of digital reality technologies such as augmented reality, mixed reality, and virtual reality. Potential and existing digital realty technologies around the world will be examined in greater detail to provide readers with contextual information for the remaining chapters of the book.

Context, not predictions: a field study of financial analysts

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahed Imam ◽  
Crawford Spence
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Financial Analysts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Sociological Inquiry ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the nature of the work that financial analysts actually do in the context of the market for information and to further open up research in this area to qualitative and sociological inquiry. Design/methodology/approach – A field study with 49 financial analysts (both buy-side and sell-side) was undertaken in order to understand the work that they actually do. This field study was theoretically informed by the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. Findings – The authors find, in contrast to both conventional wisdom and assumptions in prior (mostly quantitative) literature, that the primary value of sell-side analyst work lies not in the recommendations that analysts ultimately produce, but in the rich contextual information that they provide to buy-side analysts. In order to successfully provide this information, analysts have to embody large amounts of technical capital into their habitus. Research limitations/implications – Much research in this area erroneously presumes that forecasting is the primary function of analysts. Analyst work needs to be understood as multifarious and requiring a well-developed habitus that is attuned to the accumulation of both technical and social capital. Future qualitative research might usefully explore in more detail the way in which corporate managers interact with analysts. The present study solicits the viewpoints only of the analysts themselves. The organisational context of the analysts was not explored in detail and the interviews were pre-crisis, which possibly explains why the technical capital of sell-side analysts was extolled by interviewees rather than lambasted. Originality/value – The paper is one of few studies to look at analysts from a qualitative and sociological perspective. It both complements and extends both emerging sociological work on financial intermediaries and qualitative work on the “market for information”.

scholarly journals New Techniques in Clausal Form Generation

10.29007/dzfz ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Reger ◽  
Martin Suda ◽  
Andrei Voronkov
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
Automated Reasoning ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Top Down ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
First Order ◽  
Form Generation ◽  
Proof Search

In automated reasoning it is common that first-order formulas need to be translated into clausal normal form for proof search. The structure of this normal form can have a large impact on the performance of first-order theorem provers, influencing whether a proof can be found and how quickly. It is common folklore that transformations should ideally minimise both the size of the generated clause set and extensions to the signature. This paper introduces a new top-down approach to clausal form generation for first-order formulas that aims to achieve this goal in a new way. The main advantage of this approach over existing bottom-up techniques is that more contextual information is available at points where decisions such as subformula-naming and Skolemisation occur. Experimental results show that our implementation of the transformation in Vampire can lead to clausal forms which are smaller and better suited to proof search.

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Katja Lund ◽  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

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