scholarly journals The Pragmatics of "Unruly" Dative Absolutes in Early Slavic

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Main Clause ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adjacent Unit ◽  
As If

This chapter examines some uses of the dative absolute in Old Church Slavonic and in early recensional Slavonic texts that depart from notions of how Indo-European absolute constructions should behave, either because they have subjects coreferential with the (putative) main-clause subjects or because they function as if they were main clauses in their own right. Such "noncanonical" absolutes have generally been written off as mechanistic translations or as mistakes by scribes who did not understand the proper uses of the construction. In reality, the problem is not with literalistic translators or incompetent scribes but with the definition of the construction itself; it is quite possible to redefine the Early Slavic dative absolute in a way that accounts for the supposedly deviant cases. While the absolute is generally dependent semantically on an adjacent unit of discourse, it should not always be regarded as subordinated syntactically. There are good grounds for viewing some absolutes not as dependent clauses but as independent sentences whose collateral character is an issue not of syntax but of the pragmatics of discourse.

Kant’s Metaphilosophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-310
Author(s):  
Michael Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Demarcation Criterion ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract While the term “metaphilosophy” enjoys increasing popularity in Kant scholarship, it is neither clear what distinguishes a metaphilosophical theory from a philosophical one nor to what extent Kant’s philosophy contains metaphilosophical views. In the first part of the article, I will introduce a demarcation criterion and show how scholars fall prey to the fallacy of extension confusing Kant’s philosophical theories with his theories about philosophy. In the second part, I will analyze eight elements for an “imperfect definition” (KrV A731/B759) of philosophy outlining the scope of Kant’s explicit metaphilosophy against the backdrop of recent metaphilosophical research: (i) scientific concept of philosophy, (ii) philosophy as an activity, (iii) worldly concept, (iv) philosophy as a (proper and improper) science, (v) philosophy as an architectonic idea (archetype and ectypes), (vi) philosophy as a social practice and the appropriate holding-to-be-true (one or many true philosophies?), (vii) reason as the absolute condition and subject of philosophy, and (viii) methodology of philosophy. I will put these elements together for an attempt to give an imperfect definition of philosophy – something that Kant promised but never did – in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Three-tiered score for Ki-67 and p16ink4a improves accuracy and reproducibility of grading CIN lesions

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 981-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein van Zummeren ◽  
Annemiek Leeman ◽  
Wieke W Kremer ◽  
Maaike C G Bleeker ◽  
David Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Cumulative Score ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Tissue Specimens

AimsTo investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of a scoring system for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1–3) based on immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers Ki-67 and p16ink4a.Methods115 cervical tissue specimens were reviewed by three expert gynaecopathologists and graded according to three strategies: (1) CIN grade based on H&E staining only; (2) immunoscore based on the cumulative score of Ki-67 and p16ink4a only (0–6); and (3) CIN grade based on H&E supported by non-objectified IHC 2 weeks after scoring 1 and 2. The majority consensus diagnosis of the CIN grade based on H&E supported by IHC was used as the Reference Standard. The proportion of test positives (accuracy) and the absolute agreements across pathologists (reproducibility) of the three grading strategies within each Reference Standard category were calculated.ResultsWe found that immunoscoring with positivity definition 6 yielded the highest proportion of test positives for Reference Standard CIN3 (95.5%), in combination with the lowest proportion of test positives in samples with CIN1 (1.8%). The proportion of test positives for CIN3 was significantly lower for sole H&E staining (81.8%) or combined H&E and IHC grading (84.8%) with positivity definition ≥CIN3. Immunoscore 6 also yielded high absolute agreements for CIN3 and CIN1, but the absolute agreement was low for CIN2.ConclusionsThe higher accuracy and reproducibility of the immunoscore opens the possibility of a more standardised and reproducible definition of CIN grade than conventional pathology practice, allowing a more accurate comparison of CIN-based management strategies and evaluation of new biomarkers to improve the understanding of progression of precancer from human papillomavirus infection to cancer.

As If God Existed

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Viroli
Keyword(s):  
Christian Religion ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The One ◽  
Secular Religion ◽  
As If

This chapter considers the writings of Ernesto Rossi, who recognized the absolute authority of moral conscience and posited it as the foundation of his religious conception of life. Sentenced to twenty years in prison for his participation in conspiratorial activity, he wrote to his mother, Elide Rossi, from the penitentiary in Piacenza, on January 20, 1933, that he was happy she no longer had any tie with the Catholic religion. For Rossi, Catholicism was at most an inferior conception of life compared to philosophical knowledge. Rossi prefered a soft religion—soft and yet capable of guiding one's action—to a revealed or bad religion. The chapter then turns to the writings of Massimo Mila, who was imprisoned in 1935 because he belonged to the Justice and Liberty movement. He believed not in the Christian religion but rather in a profound secular religion, based on the supreme value of the intrinsic intention of the one who acts and the conviction that one's faith is solely the “purity of the moral intention.”

37. Absolute grounds for refusal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bently ◽  
B. Sherman ◽  
D. Gangjee ◽  
P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Trade Marks ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Absolute Grounds For Refusal ◽  
Trade Mark Registration

This chapter examines the ‘absolute’ grounds for refusing to register a trade mark as set out in section 3 of the Trade Marks Act 1994, Article 3 of the Trade Marks Directive, and Article 7 of the European Union Trade Mark Regulation (EUTMR). It first looks at the reasons for denying an application for trade mark registration before analysing the absolute grounds for refusal, which can be grouped into three general categories: whether the sign falls within the statutory definition of a trade mark found in sections 1(1) and 3(1)(a) and (2) of the Trade Marks Act 1994; whether trade marks are non-distinctive, descriptive, and generic; and whether trade marks are contrary to public policy or morality, likely to deceive the public, prohibited by law, or if the application was made in bad faith. Provisions for specially protected emblems are also considered.

A Research Definition of African Feudality

1962 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Jacques J. Maquet
Keyword(s):  
Political Organization ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Divine Kingship

Since African Political Systems, edited by Fortes and Evans-Pritchard in 1940, many monographs have been published on particular political organization of pre-colonial Africa. Some attempts have been made to synthesize these data in order to constitute a typology of African political organizations; for instance the segmentary type has been studied in Middleton's Tribes Without Rulers (1958), and the absolute monarchies have been given an important place by Murdock in his Africa (1959) and by others (e.g. P. Hadfield: Traits of Divine Kingship in Africa, London, 1949). Typological research falls within the historian's province if he is interested in the problem of uniformities in history.

Sounds in space or space in sounds? Architecture as an auditory construct

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Finite Domain ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Concert Halls ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Recording Studios ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Architectural Knowledge

The absolute consideration of the acoustic environment within architectural design praxis has traditionally been reserved only for those specialised listening facilities such as concert halls or recording studios. This is in spite of numerous recent calls from architects and theorists such as Juhani Pallasmaa, Ted Sheriden, Karen Van Lengen, and Björn Hellström that architectural praxis must seek to move beyond what Jeremy Till describes as the vanity of form, and what Rafael Pizarro acknowledges as the seductive immediacy of pure visual articulations of space. That architectural design has traditionally been in a more than willing position to seek out myriad influences, theories, and extra-architectural knowledge has even led Jean-Claude Guédon and Botond Bognar to argue that architecture has ceased to occupy a finite domain – its boundaries have dissipated as the definition of what architecture is continues to evolve and expand.

Rhythmic Accent and the Absolute: Sulzer, Schelling and theAkzenttheorie

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMAS MCAULEY
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
Friedrich Schelling ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ultimate Ground

ABSTRACT1770s Berlin saw the birth of a new theory of rhythm, first stated in Johann Georg Sulzer'sAllgemeine Theorie der schönen Künste(1771–1774), and later labelled theAkzenttheorie(theory of accents). Whereas previous eighteenth-century theories had seen rhythm as built up from the combination of distinct units, theAkzenttheoriesaw it as formed from the breaking down of a continual flow, achieved through the placing of accents on particular notes. In hisPhilosophie der Kunst(1802–1803) the philosopher Friedrich Schelling used Sulzer's definition of rhythm to suggest, astonishingly, that music can facilitate knowledge of the absolute, a philosophical concept denoting the ultimate ground of all reality. In this article I show how Schelling could come to interpret theAkzenttheoriein such extravagant terms by examining three theories of time and their relationships to rhythm: that of Sulzer and his predecessor Isaac Newton, that of Immanuel Kant and that of Schelling. I conclude by arguing that in Schelling's case – an important one, since his is the earliest systematic presentation of a view of music that came to predominate in the decades after 1800 – his view of music was driven neither by developments in contemporary music nor by changes in the philosophy of art as a discrete intellectual enterprise, but by revolutions in philosophy by and large unconcerned even with art in general.

scholarly journals HARTA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ALQURAN: (STUDI TAFSIR AYAT-AYAT EKONOMI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmiana Batubara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Definition Of

The paper deals with assets in the perspective of Alqur’an. It consists of the definition of assets, position of assets inAlquran, orders for seeking property, ownership in the views of Alquran, procedures for acquisition and distribution of assets inAlquran. The paper is in the form of literature studies that was conducted by reviewing related books, journals, magazines and articles. It was revealed several things, as the followings: 1) Assets are objects that can be owned, controlled, cultivated, and transferred, both tangible and intangible objects, both registered and unregistered objects, both movable and immovable objects and rights that have economic value; 2) Assets have a very important position in the Qur'an, as proven by the word mall in the Qur'an for 86 times in 79 quranic verses in 38 surah; 3) Orders to work or look for treasures are stated in Alqur’an, such as in surah At-taubah verse 105, Al-Mulk verse 15, Al-Ankabut verse 69, and Az-Zumar verse 39; 4) The absolute owner of the mallor everythingon this earth is Allah SWT, and human ownership is only relative. It means humans are only ones who have rights for managing and utilizing it as it is; 5) Obtaining mall can be done in various ways, including halal a'mal or ma'isyah.  Then, the characteristics distribution of mall are fair and honest, because even in the smallest deeds we do, all will be accounted for in the hereafter.

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