scholarly journals Distribution of two semelfactives in Russian: -nu- and -anu-

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kuznetsova ◽  
Anastasia Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Root Functions ◽  
Complex Distribution ◽  
National Corpus

Russian semelfactive verbs formed with the suffix -nu- are well-known in the literature (Isachenko 1960; Maslov 1948, 1965; Zaliznjak & Šmelev 2000). However, the distribution between two semelfactive suffixes -nu- and -anu- is less studied. Makarova & Janda (2009, 90) suggest that “there is no clear trend concerning the frequency of -nu- vs. -anu-”, so the nature of the distribution between the two semelfactive suffixes remains unresolved. In this paper we explore 2041 semelfactive verbs from the Russian National Corpus (RNC1) produced with the two suffixes and show that: 1) distribution of the two suffixes partly depends on the number of the syllables in the base, 2) suffix -anu- is more recent and most monosyllabic roots are currently undergoing a shift from -nu- to -anu-, and 3) prefixed verbs most frequently choose the -nu- semelfactive suffix, because the pairing of a prefix and a root functions as multisyllabic base. These principles function as tendencies and we do not postulate a clear-cut division. This paper is written within the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, which allows us to fully capture the complex distribution of the two suffixes.

Simple and complex cognitive modelling in oblique translation strategies in a corpus of English

Target ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sandra Peña-Cervel ◽  
Carla Ovejas-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Modelling ◽  
English Drama ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Peninsular Spanish

Abstract This article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the translation of English drama film titles into Peninsular Spanish, drawing on cognitive modelling and following preliminary findings in Peña-Cervel (2016). Our study is consistent with the epistemological and ontological grounding of Cognitive Linguistics (Samaniego-Fernández 2007) and contributes to satisfying one of the major challenges Rojo-López and Ibarretxe-Antuñano (2013a, 10) identify for present-day Translation Studies: To reveal the conceptual substratum that guides the translation process. Our approach does not rely on an exhaustive classification of clear-cut and well-defined translation techniques, but rather on a broad distinction between direct and oblique strategies. We demonstrate how the notion of cognitive operation, as proposed by Ruiz de Mendoza-Ibáñez and Galera-Masegosa (2014), can help elucidate the sometimes seemingly arbitrary relationship between original English titles and their counterparts in Spanish, especially in cases of traditionally so-called free translations. Stands-for relations, such as expansion and reduction, are shown to play a fundamental role in the translation process and the fruitful combination of cognitive operations into conceptual complexes is explored. Our study attempts to go beyond descriptive adequacy in order to achieve explanatory adequacy.

Cross-domain variation in the X itself as a grammatical construction

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
Kim Ebensgaard Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Selection Function ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Domain Variation ◽  
Core Selection ◽  
Lexical Relations ◽  
Core Part ◽  
National Corpus

The X itself is a nominal construction that has not received much attention within cognitive linguistics despite it having a quite interesting function, as it serves to select a core part in a partonomy and thus specify lexical relations within a text. Apart from being mentioned in passing in Croft & Cruse (2004), one of the few treatments of this construction in cognitive linguistics is Jensen (2014) who builds on the comments in Croft & Cruse (2004) and proposes a hypothesis pertaining to the cognitive and discursive function of the construction. However, that hypothesis does not take into account an important aspect of the reality of language — namely, variation. This article investigates, within the framework of usage-based construction grammar, the X itself in the Open American National Corpus (OANC) to see whether the construction displays variation across the nine domains that the data in OANC are divided into. Applying quantitative techniques, including lexical diversity measures and multidimensional scaling, this article explores aspects of the discursive behavior of the X itself across these domains and addresses the extent to which the construction interacts with the registers associated with the domains. Focusing on use-based varieties (McArthur 1992, see also Quirk 1989 and Halliday et al. 1964: 77), the present article argues that the X itself is not a constructional monolith, but that it is characterized by register-sensitive functional variation and that its core selection function very likely serves a information-structural discourse-pragmatic purpose.

Pied-piping in cognition

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD HUDSON
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Special Relation ◽  
Dependency Grammar ◽  
Full Power

The paper offers an analysis of pied-piping within the theoretical framework of Word Grammar. This framework combines cognitive linguistics with dependency grammar, so it assumes that the full power of domain-general cognition is available for syntax, and that syntactic structure can be conceived as a network of relations between individual words. In this network, words are related by at least two kinds of link: dependencies and ‘landmark’ links that determine word order. To handle the special characteristics of pied-piping, the analysis also includes a single special relation, ‘pipee’, which links the ‘piper’ (the wh-type word) to the word which replaces it in the landmark structure. The analysis is applied in detail to English, and then compared with previous analyses and extended to accommodate both the pied-piping with inversion found in Meso-American languages, and the boundary markers found in other languages.

scholarly journals Когнитивные основы дискурсивных функций русского местоимения такой(Cognitive grounds for discourse functions of the Russian pronoun takoj)

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Anastasia Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
The State ◽  
State University ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Discourse Functions ◽  
National Corpus

This article explores the use and meaning of Russian takoj ‘such'. It is argued that there are five sub-meanings that are related in terms of two key concepts in cognitive linguistics, namely metonymy and metaphor. Some of the sub-meanings, which are characteristic of spontaneous speech, do not fit traditional definitions and have not received much attention in the scholarly literature before. Data are elicited from The Russian National Corpus, as well as The Corpus of Spontaneous Speech established at the State University of St Petersburg.

scholarly journals What's in a title? The strategic use of metaphor and metonymy in "Some like it hot"

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
María del Rosario Caballero Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

The aim of this paper is to call attention upon the strategic and relevant use of the polysemous nature of language as it is instantiated in film titles such as the one in our discussion. The theoretical framework adopted in our analysis of the concept hot in our title is that of Cognitive Linguistics (Lakoff 1987; Langacker 1987), which explains polysemy in terms of conceptual organisation and categorisation. We defend that the cognitive approach to lexis as an array of semantic networks triggered by the words within them proves a useful explanation in solving a number of troublesome issues in the analysis of short texts like titles, namely the use of implicatures, polysemy, and the ambiguity usually resulting from both.

Tēlainie domāšanas paņēmieni 1918. un 1919. gada laikrakstā „Kurzemes Vārds”

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
Elīna Veinberga
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Authentic Texts ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Construction Of Meaning ◽  
Creating Meaning

The task of the article is to study the use of metaphors, metonymies, and other figurative patterns of thought in the available issues of “Kurzemes Vārds” of 1918 and 1919, exploring the construction of meaning. The theoretical framework of this article is based on cognitive linguistics and cognitive stylistics, where metaphors and other stylistic techniques are natural mechanisms of thought expression. Language reflects our experience and perception of the world, and metaphors are expressed in language because they originally reside in our minds (Lakoff and Johnson [1980] 2003, 3–5). “Kurzemes Vārds” is a newspaper intended for a wide range of readers, and it reflects the way of expression of thoughts in 1918 and 1919; thus, the analysis of authentic texts shows that figurative means of expression are not only imaginative or picturesque, but they are a natural, everyday phenomenon of language. Metaphors, metonymies, and other means of expression of figurative thought are easy to find in large numbers: almost every issue of “Kurzemes Vārds” has a considerable number of different figurative patterns of thought. In the analysed examples, the number of cases where, for example, metaphor or personification acts as the only figurative pattern of thought, creating meaning in one stylistic use, is twice less (four cases) than the combinations of figurative patterns of thought creating meaning together (eight cases), which leads to a conclusion that combinations are more common. In several cases of personification, it is a metonymy that reveals the connection of conceptual metaphor with personification. The question of combinations of figurative patterns and their interaction calls for future research.

Adverbs of certainty in a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Rozumko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Epistemic Modality ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
The Cross ◽  
National Corpus

The increasing interest in cross-linguistic research in the area of epistemic modality calls for developing a common theoretical framework within which the inventories and uses of epistemics can be compared across languages. The aim of this study is to compare the repertoires of English and Polish adverbs of certainty taking as the starting point the classification employed by Simon-Vandenbergen and Aijmer (2007). It attempts to examine the validity of their typology for cross-linguistic studies with reference to data from English and Polish. The uses of English and Polish epistemics are illustrated with examples from the British National Corpus and the PWN corpus, respectively. Because the means of expressing epistemic modality differ both the cross-linguistically and cross-culturally, the findings are placed in a cross-cultural perspective.

Hydrogen bond strength and bond geometry in cyclic dimers of crystalline carboxylic acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Gavezzotti
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Aromatic Acids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Many ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Dimer

In a study of 101 crystal structures of carboxylic acids we have observed a clear trend in the difference between the formally single and formally double C—O bond distances, as observed by X-ray diffraction, with a clear-cut distinction between aromatic acids, where the two distances are similar, and non-aromatic acids, where the two distances distinctly differ by 0.06–0.12 Å. A tentative energy classification – within the limits of the many assumptions – and a correlation with the O...O separation over the hydrogen bond indicate that the stability of the carboxylic acid dimer increases as the difference between the two apparent C—O distances becomes smaller, owing to an increasing Coulombic contribution to the dimerization energy. No simple hypothesis is adequate for a complete explanation of the origin, of the details and of the variations of this phenomenon. As often happens in crystal chemistry problems, one is presumably confronted with a balance of several subtle intra- and intermolecular factors.

scholarly journals Gloomy Images of Yellow and Żółty in a Corpus-Based Cognitive Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-421
Author(s):  
Ewa Gieroń-Czepczor
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Basic Colour ◽  
General Network ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Cognitive Study ◽  
Colour Terms ◽  
Scientific Publishers ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract The paper reports on a comparative corpus-based semantic analysis of one colour term as it is used in two languages: English yellow and Polish żółty. The investigation of central and peripheral meanings, based on analyses of corpus concordances draws upon the methodology and constructs of cognitive linguistics, such as prototype-based categories, domains, conceptual metonymy and metaphor. The first objective of this parallel study is to determine the prototypical reference points for yellow and żółty, followed by descriptions of those motivations and mechanisms of meaning extensions which lead to ‘figurative’ usages. The results are tentatively suggested in the form of a general network of related meanings, the entrenchments of which are established on the basis of frequencies attested in samples of 1,500 citations. The outcomes confirm a conceptual proximity reflected in the semantics of these colour terms, which seems to be - perhaps surprisingly - incongruous with the popular association of yellow/żółty with the sun. As the evidence provided by the British National Corpus and the Polish Scientific Publishers' corpus (PWN) reveals, the central and peripheral readings are inspired by the imagery of autumnal and physiological changes, while the semantics of both yellow and żółty reflect the significant influence of cultural factors, unparalleled in the polysemies of the other five basic colour terms.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Concept of cтрах and Associated actions in Russian and their Translation into Spanish

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-90
Author(s):  
Irina Votyakova ◽  
Enrique F. Quero-Gervilla
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Parallel Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Character ◽  
Concept Transfer ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

Translation in cognitive linguistics is a point of intersection and a means of communication and interpretation between cultures.  Currently, the studies which are carried out in the sphere of cognitive linguistics acquire significance due to their interdisciplinary character. This is because of the fact that their results are applicable to diverse fields, particularly in research on translation, as they present the issue of concept transfer, which construes complex mental categories. In this article we are going to carry out a parallel analysis of the concepts страх//fear in Russian and miedo//fear in Spanish with a view to addressing two issues: 1. The translation of the noun страх into Spanish.  2.  The translation of actions associated with this noun.  In order to address the first issue, we have studied two translations into Spanish of the work Белая Гвардия //La Guardia blanca// The White Guard by Bulgakov: that of Pablo Díaz Mora and that of José Laín Entralgo. The analysis which has been carried out has allowed us to structure the parameters which must be considered when translating the noun страх and understand the strategies followed by the previously mentioned translators when translating this concept.  In order to analyze the second issue, we have researched the actions associated with the presence of the noun страх in Russian and their translations into Spanish, making use of the national corpus of the Russian language (RUSSCORPORA). In this study we show how the noun страх can appear in statements in which it performs the function of a direct object (преодолеть страх), and of a subject  (страх мучил меня) as well as in structures of the type страх Vf+prep. (oт,из,с, в)+страх (дрожать от страха).  This study has allowed us to confirm to what extent the actions associated with the presence of страх can find equivalents in Spanish, and what the most suitable strategies and techniques are for their translation into Spanish.

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