scholarly journals About Strategies of Opening and Openness in Lithuanian Museology

1970 ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Elona Lubyte
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
Private Museums ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Insight Into

This is the narrative of a museum employee working during the period of ongoing change that is taking place in our country, Lithuania. After the restoration of independence, a new market economy strategy and the emergence of a private sector can be noted, both related to the new political view. They resulted from the attempt to return to the global context after half a century of Soviet occupation. The museum space is traditionally related to the protection and representation of cultural heritage. In Lithuania, as in the majority of Eastern European countries, museums and their collections are owned by the state. Our country has 93 museums of which 3 are national, 16 supported by the Republic, 56 municipal, 14 departmental and 4 private. A free market is characterised by selfregulatory laws. Exceptions slowly replace previously valid rules. Two private sculpture parks are examples of such exceptions in the slowly recovering Lithuanian cultural scene: the International European Centre Sculpture Museum, 1993, and the Grûtas Park, 1999, featuring disassembled monuments of the Soviet period. The stories of their creation represent two different models for establishing private museums, which, in a general sense, may be characterized as the strategy of opening and openness respectively. The story of the lattery type of establishment gives more insight into the essence of the changes that are taking place. 

Development of Entrepreneurial Skills in a Post-Socialist Country

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Robertas Jucevicius ◽  
Palmira Juceviciene
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Country ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Communist System ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Different Levels

The last decade has witnessed dramatic changes in the whole post-socialist world. The old Communist system in Central and Eastern Europe has been dismantled and free-market economies have been initiated. Despite the fact that Central and Eastern European countries were on different levels of socio-economic development, they had many things in common, including the problems. However, the countries of the former USSR encountered greater obstacles on their way to the free market. This also applies to Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. In contrast to East Germany, Poland, Hungary and former Yugoslavia, private property and entrepreneurship did not exist in these countries during the Soviet period. The purpose of this paper is to describe the most important theoretical problems concerning understanding of the phenomenon of entrepreneurship and to discuss different methods of developing entrepreneurial skills.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Power resources and successful trade union actions that address precarity in adverse contexts: The case of Central and Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872672110201
Author(s):  
Aurora Trif ◽  
Valentina Paolucci ◽  
Marta Kahancova ◽  
Aristea Koukiadaki
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Deregulated Markets ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Depth Interviews

Is it possible for trade unions to fight precarity in an adverse global context? Although existing research suggests this is possible, there is limited understanding of the interplay of resources that enable unions to address precarity in deregulated markets. This study employs a power resource approach to investigate how unions overcome their external constraints. It draws upon 130 in-depth interviews with key informants across nine Central and Eastern European countries to investigate successful and unsuccessful union actions in sectors with differing external resources. In each sector, unions that mobilise their internal resources have been able to reduce various precarity dimensions, such as low wages, lack of voice, and irregular working time. The results reveal that unions whose objectives are based on convincing win–win discourses can make strides, acting as drivers of change in precarity patterns even in unfavourable conditions. Moreover, the study introduces a multi-dimensional conceptualisation of union success, identifying union actions that result in measurable improvements in precarity dimensions for all worker types. To deepen understanding of the role unions play in fighting precarity in adverse contexts, future research could investigate union actions that improve a wider range of precarity dimensions for all workers.

scholarly journals Benchmarking Analysis of Factors Influencing Container Traffic in the Port of Rijeka

Pomorstvo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Antonija Petrlić ◽  
Nataša Pavletić
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
The North ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The City ◽  
North Adriatic Sea ◽  
Economic Function

Traditionally, ports have been regarded as hubs responsible for the reception of ships and passengers, but nowadays they have a much wider economic function, being clusters of various activities directly or indirectly linked to maritime transportation and seaborne trade, among which container traffic is the most important segment. The Port of Rijeka as the largest Croatian cargo port, positioned in the North Adriatic Sea, has exceptional but not fully exploited opportunities for further economic development of importance not just for the port and the city but for the Republic of Croatia as well. In addition, its geostrategic position makes it an important international port for Central and South Eastern European countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate and identify the current position of the Port of Rijeka (hereinafter Rijeka) in relation to the container business and, using Benchmarking as the research method, to analyse the established five main factors that have to be taken into consideration where its efficiency is compared to the statistically proven “best container port” in the region – the Port of Koper (hereinafter Koper). The results show significant competitive advantages of the Port of Koper almost in any of the analysed factors. Therefore, recommendations are given for further actions and improvement according to the natural advantages that Rijeka has to utilize in order to enhance its competitiveness and overall performance.

Non-Market Economies' Accessions to the WTO: Evolution of the Approach and Implications for the Organization

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
Chieh Huang
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
World War ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its successor, the Word Trade Organization (WTO), have been the main forum of international trade since the end of the Second World War. The regime is unquestionably based on free-market rules and principles. Yet in the last two decades, formerly planned economies — including Eastern European countries, former Soviet countries and China — have attempted to join the GATT/WTO. To encourage their transition under the influence of free-market principles, and to be a truly global trade organization, the GATT/WTO has accepted applicants with a reforming planned economy. This article studies the evolution of the GATT/WTO's approaches to integrate non-market economies and shows that the approach to integrate non-market economies during the WTO era is significantly different than during the GATT. While special mechanisms were provided in GATT accession protocols to bridge different market structures, WTO accessions require non-market economies to convert their own market structures. This article holds that this intolerance of different market structures in the WTO reflects the collapse of embedded liberalism and the rise of coercive trade diplomacy. Multilateral trade diplomacy has therefore become a means of imposing a domestic restructuring of economic structures rather than providing a negotiation forum for trade liberalization.

An examination of emerging adulthood in Romanian college students

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Norm Compliance ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Adult Roles

Little work has been done to examine emerging adulthood in Eastern European countries such as Romania that are making the transition out of communism into the broader free-market economy of Western Europe. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the criteria that college students in Romania have for adulthood, and (b) explore whether differences in adulthood criteria, achievement of those criteria, and identity development are related to variations in adult status (i.e., perceptions of being an adult coupled with taking on adult responsibilities). Participants included 230 Romanian young people (136 women, 94 men) aged 18—27 attending a university in Romania’s second largest city. Results found that (a) the majority of Romanian young people did not consider themselves to be adults; (b) issues related to relational maturity, financial independence, and norm compliance ranked as the most important criteria for adulthood; (c) there was pervasive optimism about the future, including careers, relationships, finances, and overall quality of life; and (d) findings regarding identity development differed according to the extent that young people perceived themselves to be adults and whether or not they had taken on adult roles.

scholarly journals Why is the City Maps’ Content of Eastern and Central European Countries So Extensive?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Agata Ciołkosz-Styk ◽  
Wiesław Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The City

Abstract Significant changes in the wealth, variety and level of graphic form of city maps are noticeable in recent years, particularly those from Central and Eastern European countries. This is a consequence of the political and economic transformation, resulting in the abolition of censorship and introduction of the free market. City maps published in Western Europe have evolved as well during the aforementioned period due to higher political and economic stability. The paper compares city maps content of 18 European countries and shows the influence of Soviet cartographic style on city maps image in post-communist countries.

scholarly journals “Non-Union State”: the Republic of Belarus in the memory wars of Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
Andrei Aleksandrovich Linchenko
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Non Union ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Post Communism ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The subject of this research is the position of Belarus in the memory wars of Russia and Eastern European countries of the two recent decades. Based on P. Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic power, as well as comparative analysis of the key stages of the historical politics of Russia and Belarus as the members of the Union State, the author explores the causes and peculiarities of electoral neutrality of Belarus in the memory wars of Russia and Eastern European countries. Analysis is conducted on the theoretical-methodological aspects of the concept of “memory wars”. Content analysis of the relevant research reveals the specificity of the Belarusian case with regards to correlation between domestic and foreign historical politics. The specificity of the forms of post-Communism that have established in Russia and Belarus, the difference in the pace of historical politics of the last three decades, as well as the evolution of the political regime of Alexander Lukashenko contributed to the formation of peculiar position of the Republic of Belarus in the memory confrontation between Russia and its Eastern European neighbors. The internal manifestation of such position was the desire to displace the conflicts between memory communities in the republic, the movement of memory to the periphery of cultural-information space, while the external manifestation was strive for electoral neutrality (memory isolationism) in the memory wars in Eastern Europe. Such position is aimed not so much at supporting Russia’s memory initiatives, but at solving the relevant political and economic challenges, using historical politics as the instrument for promoting the own interests.

scholarly journals Accounting Systems in Poland and Croatia - comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Beata Zyznarska-Dworczak ◽  
Ivana Mamić Sačer
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Transformation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract Central and Eastern European countries undergo many political, structural, social and economic changes. In the past decades such countries, like Croatia and Poland, witnessed a fundamental transformation of their societies and economies, which impacted accounting systems as well. The mail goal of the paper is to research the main differences in accounting systems in the Republic of Croatia and Poland. The research methodology is based on a critical analysis of scholarly literature done by the bibliometric analysis, analysis Polish and Croatian accouting standards and legal acts. Based on inductive and deductive reasoning, the paper reveals key determinants and differences of accounting frameworks in Croatia and Poland. The paper proves that it is crucial to consider economic and cultural differences in comparative international accounting research. Research results of the paper will contribute the international accounting literature but also have an impact on the European Union accounting harmonisation references.

scholarly journals Transformation of Central and Eastern European Countries from the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

Ekonomika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Swatek
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Economic transformation in Central and Eastern European countries is a very complex process widely discussed in the literature on the subject. It has also become the subject of research and analyses of New Institutional Economics which pays attention to new aspects of transformation. From the NIE perspective, transformation is a long-lasting process of changes of formal institutions, especially property rights and contracts, and informal institutions, such as ethical standards, conventions, religious beliefs and mentality of society. The success of the transformation depends on the degree to which new formal rules correspond to informal rules existing in society. The assessment of the quality of Central and Eastern European countries leaves a lot to be desired; the highest level was achieved by the EU member states, whereas the republics of the former USSR are in the worst situation. The underlying causes of such diversified results of political transformations are disparate historical traditions connected with the market economy and unequal preparation of societies to exist both in the free market conditions and in the diversified political, social and economic situation.The improvement of governing quality is a priority in post-communist countries. Achieving a positive institutional effect requires much time and consistent actions, but from the time perspective it is crucial in order to enjoy economic success.

scholarly journals Wood Sector Media Budget Allocation

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Ilijana Petrovska ◽  
Živka Meloska ◽  
Mira Stankević Šumanska ◽  
Angelina Meloska
Keyword(s):  
Budget Allocation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Micro Enterprises ◽  
Wood Sector

The aim of this paper is to analyse and compare the official media reports published in the Republic of North (RN) Macedonia and some other South-Eastern European Countries, such as Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Bulgaria. According to the official results from Nielsen Arianna, IPSOS, and Alma Quattro, Macedonian furniture companies mainly allocate their media budget to television channels with an amount of EUR 4.786.710, which is 6.7 times lower than the amount allocated by Croatian furniture companies to the same media (EUR 32.223.506). The conclusion is that the media budget of Macedonian furniture companies is on a very low level, compared to selected South-Eastern European Countries, mainly because 74 % of the total number of furniture companies are micro enterprises with up to ten employees, which affects the media budget.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document