scholarly journals Å gjøre museumsgjenstander. Åtte øgler og en maursluker i det sene 1700-tallets El Real Gabinete de Historia Natural

1970 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Lise Camilla Ruud
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Museum Objects ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historia Natural

The article analyses the field of eighteenth-century Hispanic history of science, little known to northern scholars, with the use of concepts from actor- network theory, combining these with a traditional Scandinavian ethnological close-up study of objects. The introductory part discusses the production of flasks as a way of standardizing natural objects at the late eighteenth-century Royal Cabinet of Natural History. The following section analyses how eight lizards were integrated into a variety of practices on their way to the Madrid museum. Thereafter, five different images of an anteater are discussed as forming part of the museum’s outreaching practices of display. The article demonstrates a fruitful approach to the histories of museums and their objects: Objects are seen as “enacted realities” which incorporate in radically different practices, and many versions of them exist simultaneously. Museum objects stretch out and connect with ideas and actors, objects travel and are continuously being done, inside and outside the museum building.

scholarly journals ‘There is not one single thing that resembles this one.’ Writing human monsters in late eighteenth-century Spain

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Camilla Ruud
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Single Thing ◽  
Museum Object ◽  
Museum Objects ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Historia Natural

<div><p>The article discusses how a malformed set of twins turned into a museum object at the late eighteenth-century el Real Gabinete de Historia Natural in Madrid. Foregrounding the practices through which the twins transformed, it is made clear how museum objects result from de-centered processes. Two different enactments are discussed. The first encompasses the process by which the malformed set of twins transformed into a specimen of interest to the learned. The second enactment addresses how the twins were transported to Madrid through practices of charity. These two versions differed radically, yet they were intimately intertwined, and dependent upon one another.</p><div> </div></div>

scholarly journals Opponentindlæg: Lise Camilla Ruud. Doing Museum Objects in Late Eighteenth-Century Madrid.

1970 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Samuel J. M. M. Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Port City ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Museum Objects ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Carlos Iii

Carlos III of Spain was especially fond of pachyderms. In 1773 an elephant arrived in the port city of Cadiz, a gift from the ruler of the Carnatic region of India via the Governor-General of the Phillipines. After trekking 600 km it fascinated nobility and the masses alike in Madrid, then lived out its days in the royal menagerie at Aranjuez. But elephants often have afterlives as interesting and varied as their lives, and this one was no exception. Upon its demise in 1777, Juan Bru, the dissector at the Royal Cabinet of Natural History, hurried the 50 km to Aranjuez to preserve and prepare the specimen, and to secure it for his master, Pedro Franco Dávila. The King wanted an elephant to display, and Dávila wanted a specimen for the cabinet. Accordingly, Bru spent over a week defleshing his mammoth charge, cooking the bones, drawing everything as he went along. 

Flora's Go-betweens: Nectar, Insects, and Flowers in the Romantic Natural History of Pollination

Romanticism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hankinson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Erasmus Darwin

A boundary-crossing substance connecting flowers and insects, nectar occupied a contested position during the Romantic period, provoking debates regarding who stood most to profit from it: insects or the plants themselves? Such questions also surrounded another floral substance: pollen mediated between the plant and animal kingdoms, constituting not only a means of plant reproduction but also a food for bees. Despite these shared qualities, a direct link between nectar and the dissemination of pollen was not made until the late eighteenth century, when Kölreuter and Sprengel separately discovered the secret of their connection. Taking into consideration speculations on nectar in the writings of Erasmus Darwin, as well as discussions regarding plant-insect analogy, competition, sexuality, and nutrition, I describe how naturalists came to understand (or refused to understand) the relationships governing pollination, in the process confronting a nature far more hybrid and mediated than they initially imagined.

scholarly journals ‘Constitutions selection’: Darwin, race and medicine

BJHS Themes ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Suman Seth
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Race Science ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Race ◽  
Descent Of Man

Abstract In the course of his discussion of the origin of variations in skin colour among humans in the Descent of Man, Charles Darwin suggested that darker skin might be correlated with immunity to certain diseases. To make that suggestion, he drew upon a claim that seemed self-evidently correct in 1871, although it had seemed almost certainly incorrect in the late eighteenth century: that immunity to disease could be understood as a hereditary racial trait. This paper aims to show how fundamental was the idea of ‘constitutions selection’, as Darwin would call it, for his thinking about human races, tracking his (ultimately unsuccessful) attempts to find proof of its operation over a period of more than thirty years. At the same time and more broadly, following Darwin's conceptual resources on this question helps explicate relationships between conceptions of disease and conceptions of race in the nineteenth century. That period saw the birth of a modern, fixist, biologically determinist racism, which increasingly manifested itself in medical writings. The reverse was also true: medicine was a crucial site in which race was forged. The history of what has been called ‘race-science’, it is argued, cannot and should not be written independent of the history of ‘race-medicine’.

Anthology of Goethe Songs

10.31022/n023 ◽  
1994 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Ferruccio Busoni ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
German Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Voice And Piano

Few poets have had so profound an influence on the history of German art music as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Since the late eighteenth century, over seven hundred of his poems have been set by nearly six hundred composers as lieder for voice and piano. This anthology gathers twenty-two such settings, in a wide variety of styles, by composers ranging from Goethe's friend Carl Zelter to Hans von Bülow, Ferruccio Busoni, and Othmar Schoeck.

TWO HUNTERS, A MILKMAID AND THE FRENCH ‘REVOLUTIONARY’ CANON

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA DOE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Performance History ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Printed Music

ABSTRACTLarge-scale programming studies of French Revolutionary theatre confirm that the most frequently staged opera of the 1790s was not one of the politically charged, compositionally progressive works that have come to define the era for posterity, but rather a pastoral comedy from mid-century:Les deux chasseurs et la laitière(1763), with a score by Egidio Duni to a libretto by Louis Anseaume. This article draws upon both musical and archival evidence to establish an extended performance history ofLes deux chasseurs, and a more nuanced explanation for its enduring hold on the French lyric stage. I consider the pragmatic, legal and aesthetic factors contributing to the comedy's widespread adaptability, including its cosmopolitan musical idiom, scenographic simplicity and ready familiarity amongst consumers of printed music. More broadly, I address the advantages and limitations of corpus-based analysis with respect to delineating the operatic canon. In late eighteenth-century Paris, observers were already beginning to identify a chasm between their theatre-going experiences and the reactions of critics: Was a true piece of ‘Revolutionary’ theatre one that was heralded as emblematic of its time, or one, likeLes deux chasseurs, that was so frequently seen that it hardly elicited a mention in the printed record?

Geopolitics of Comparison: World Literature Avant la Lettre

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Waïl S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Literature ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of

Abstract According to a well-known narrative, the concept of Weltliteratur and its academic correlative, the discipline of comparative literature, originated in Germany and France in the early nineteenth century, influenced by the spread of scientism and nationalism. But there is another genesis story that begins in the late eighteenth century in Spain and Italy, countries with histories entangled with the Arab presence in Europe during the medieval period. Emphasizing the role of Arabic in the formation of European literatures, Juan Andrés wrote the first comparative history of “all literature,” before the concepts of Weltliteratur and comparative literature gained currency. The divergence of the two genesis stories is the result of competing geopolitical interests, which determine which literatures enter into the sphere of comparison, on what terms, within which paradigms, and under what ideological and discursive conditions.

Reading Henry Maundrell’s Sacred Geography in Eighteenth-Century England and Germany

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-226
Author(s):  
Simon Mills
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Sacred Geography ◽  
History Of

This chapter explains the remarkable popularity of Henry Maundrell’s A Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem at Easter AD 1697 (1703). It argues that Maundrell’s eye-witness reportage of his travels in the Holy Land provided the book’s readers with a storehouse of geographical observations and descriptions of eastern customs with which they could recreate imaginatively the world of the Scriptures. Tracing the book’s use by editors, commentators, translators, and paraphrasts, it argues that Maundrell was most often put to work in defence of the Bible against attacks on its claims to truth. Yet in the hands of Maundrell’s late eighteenth-century German translator, the naturalist and historicist tendencies inherent in his account were brought into sharper focus; ‘sacred geography’ was transformed into a history of biblical culture.

5. Long Waves and Conjunctures of Democratization

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Dirk Berg-Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Long Waves ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

This chapter focuses on the history of democratization since the late eighteenth century. It introduces the concepts of ‘waves’ (trends) and ‘conjunctures’ (briefer turmoils) and delineates the major developments in this respect. In this way, the major long-term and short-term factors leading to the emergence and breakdowns of democracies are also highlighted. The first long wave occurred during the period 1776–1914, followed by the first positive conjuncture in 1918–19, the second long wave (with some intermittent turbulences) in 1945–88, and the latest conjuncture in 1989–90. The chapter identifies the main ingredients to democratization throughout history, namely: republicanism, representation, and political equality. It concludes by considering some of the current perspectives and dangers for the future of democracy.

The Estuary

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kingsbury
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
British Rule ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Outcome

A history of environmental, economic, and social change in the Meghna estuary from the late eighteenth century to the 1870s. A new frontier of alluvial land was being created along the edge of the Bay of Bengal, presenting opportunities for profit as well as great risks. The settlement of this frontier was not simply a natural outcome of the availability of new land: it was also encouraged by imperial policy. And just as British rule was not a product of nature, neither were the divisions within Bengali society that helped to determine who would be exposed to disaster.

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