scholarly journals Investigating the Negative Relationship between Wages and Obesity: New Evidence from the Work, Family, and Health Network

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Trombley ◽  
Jeremy W. Bray ◽  
Jesse M. Hinde ◽  
Orfeu M. Buxton ◽  
Ryan C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fortune 500 ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Wage Penalty ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Direct Measures

A substantial literature has established that obesity is negatively associated with wages, particularly among females.  However, prior research has found limited evidence for the factors hypothesized to underlie the obesity wage penalty.  We add to the literature using data from IT workers at a U.S. Fortune 500 firm that provides us with direct measures of employee income and BMI, and health measures that are unavailable in national-level datasets.  Our estimates indicate that the wage-obesity penalty among females only occurs among obese mothers, and is not attributable to differences in health or human capital that may be caused by having children. Published: Online November 2018. 

scholarly journals Does Corruption Lead to Lower Subnational Credit Ratings? Fiscal Dependence, Market Reputation, and the Cost of Debt

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Maciej Sychowiec ◽  
Monika Bauhr ◽  
Nicholas Charron
Keyword(s):  
Credit Ratings ◽  
National Level ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Sovereign Credit Ratings ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Federal Revenue ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data

Abstract While studies show a consistent negative relationship between the level of corruption and range indicators of national-level economic performance, including sovereign credit ratings, we know less about the relationship between corruption and subnational credit ratings. This study suggests that federal transfers allow states with higher levels of corruption to retain good credit ratings, despite the negative economic implications of corruption more broadly, which also allows them to continue to borrow at low costs. Using data on corruption conviction in US states and credit ratings between 2001 and 2015, we show that corruption does not directly reduce credit ratings on average. We find, however, heterogeneous effects, in that there is a negative effect of corruption on credit ratings only in states that have a comparatively low level of fiscal dependence on federal transfers. This suggest that while less dependent states are punished by international assessors when seen as more corrupt, corruption does not affect the ratings of states with higher levels of fiscal dependence on federal revenue.

Is the bottom line reached? An exploration of supervisor bottom-line mentality, team performance avoidance goal orientation and team performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872672110029
Author(s):  
Yuying Lin ◽  
Mengxi Yang ◽  
Matthew J Quade ◽  
Wansi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Exclusive Focus ◽  
Avoidance Goal

How do supervisors who treat the bottom line as more important than anything else influence team success? Drawing from social information processing theory, we explore how and when supervisor bottom-line mentality (i.e. an exclusive focus on bottom-line outcomes at the expense of other priorities) exerts influence on the bottom-line itself, in the form of team performance. We argue that a supervisor’s bottom-line mentality provides significant social cues for the team that securing bottom-line objectives is of sole importance, which stimulates team performance avoidance goal orientation, and thus decreases team performance. Further, we argue performing tension (i.e. tension between contradictory needs, demands, and goals), serving as team members’ mutual perception of the confusing environment, will strengthen the indirect negative relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality and team performance through team performance avoidance goal orientation. We conduct a path analysis using data from 258 teams in a Chinese food-chain company, which provides support for our hypotheses. Overall, our findings suggest that supervisor’s exclusive focus on the bottom-line can serve to impede team performance. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Please, Do Not Interrupt Me: Work–Family Balance and Segmentation Behavior as Mediators of Boundary Violations and Teleworkers’ Burnout and Flourishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7339
Author(s):  
Vânia Sofia Carvalho ◽  
Alda Santos ◽  
Maria Teresa Ribeiro ◽  
Maria José Chambel
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Boundary Violations ◽  
Family Balance ◽  
Work Family Balance ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The lockdown, in the COVID-19 pandemic, is considered an external crisis that evokes innumerous changes in individuals lives. One of the changes is the work and family dynamics. Based on boundary theory we examine the mediated role of work and family balance and boundary segmentation behavior in the relationship between boundary violations and teleworkers’ stress and well-being. However, because women and men live their work and family differently, gender may condition the way teleworkers lead with boundary violations and boundary segmentation. Hypotheses were tested through moderated mediation modeling using data collected of 456 teleworkers during lockdown. In line with our expectations, teleworkers who have suffered most boundary violations were those with least boundary segmentation behaviors and with least work-family balance which, in turn was related to higher burnout and lower flourishing. Furthermore, gender was found to moderate the relationship between boundary violations from work-to-family and segmentation behavior in the same direction and this relationship was stronger for females than for males. We discuss implications for future research and for managing teleworkers, creating sustainability, both during a crise and stable days.

New Evidence on Eastern Europe's Pollution Progress

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
National Level ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Local Public Good ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Good Improvement ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract Under communism, Eastern Europe's cities were significantly more polluted than their Western European counterparts. An unintended consequence of communism's decline is to improve urban environmental quality. This paper uses several new data sets to measure these gains. National level data are used to document the extent of convergence across nations in sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions. Based on a panel data set from the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, ambient sulfur dioxide levels have fallen both because of composition and technique effects. The incidence of this local public good improvement is analyzed.

Workplace disability and job satisfaction in Britain: A co-worker test?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110142
Author(s):  
Getinet Astatike Haile
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Unrelated Regression ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Using Data

The article examines the link between workplace disability (WD) and workplace job satisfaction (JS) using data from WERS2011. Controlling for a rich set of workplace characteristics including organisational culture, the study finds a significant negative relationship between JS and the share of disabled respondents within workplaces. Notably, Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR)-based analysis distinguishing between disabled and non-disabled respondents reveals that the negative relationship found is specific to non-disabled respondents. Moreover, disability equality policies are found to be significantly positively related with disabled respondents’ JS while they are negatively related with the JS of their non-disabled counterparts. The article ponders if there is a co-worker aspect to the WD–JS link and whether HR policies may need to take heed of co-worker dynamics in this respect.

Is more always good? Over-education, job satisfaction and wages on the Czech labor market

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-414
Author(s):  
Raufhon Salahodjaev
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Wage Penalty ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Using Data

The notion of over-education has drawn considerable research attention since the work of Freeman (1976). This study provides evidence that education match matters for labor market outcomes. Using data from the REFLEX survey, we find that over-education and over-skilling has a significant negative impact on wages and job satisfaction in the Czech labor market. Secondly, we find that the wage penalty is stronger for female respondents. In contrast, overskilled and overeducated men are more dissatisfied than women.

scholarly journals Cross-national comparisons of health indicators require standardized definitions and common data sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Tolonen ◽  
Jaakko Reinikainen ◽  
Päivikki Koponen ◽  
Hanna Elonheimo ◽  
Luigi Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Abstract Background Health indicators are used to monitor the health status and determinants of health of the population and population sub-groups, identify existing or emerging health problems which would require prevention and health promotion activities, help to target health care resources in the most adequate way as well as for evaluation of the success of public health actions both at the national and international level. The quality and validity of the health indicator depends both on available data and used indicator definition. In this study we will evaluate existing knowledge about comparability of different data sources for definition of health indicators, compare how selected health indicators presented in different international databases possibly differ, and finally, present the results from a case study from Finland on comparability of health indicators derived from different data sources at national level. Methods For comparisons, four health indicators were selected that were commonly available in international databases and available for the Finnish case study. These were prevalence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and asthma in the adult populations. Our evaluation has three parts: 1) a scoping review of the latest literature, 2) comparison of the prevalences presented in different international databases, and 3) a case study using data from Finland. Results Literature shows that comparability of estimated outcomes for health indicators using different data sources such as self-reported questionnaire data from surveys, measured data from surveys or data from administrative health registers, varies between indicators. Also, the case study from Finland showed that diseases which require regular health care visits such as diabetes, comparability is high while for health outcomes which can remain asymptomatic for a long time such as hypertension, comparability is lower. In different international health related databases, country specific results differ due to variations in the used data sources but also due to differences in indicator definitions. Conclusions Reliable comparison of the health indicators over time and between regions within a country or across the countries requires common indicator definitions, similar data sources and standardized data collection methods.

scholarly journals The relationship between inter-organizational trust and performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Fiala ◽  
Martin Prokop ◽  
Iva Živělová
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Supplier Performance ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Model Fit Indices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with an investigation of the relationship between inter-organizational trust and performance. Using data obtained in a questionnaire survey in 373 organizations with more than 20 employees with their seat in the Czech Republic, we found the relationship between inter-organizational trust and supplier performance, mediated by the level of conflict. Also, the statistically significant negative relationship between inter-organizational trust and costs of negotiation and the statistically significant positive relationship between supplier performance and perceived performance were confirmed. The hypothesis on the statistically significant relationship between inter-organizational trust and negotiating costs was not confirmed. The structural equation modelling technique was used in the calculations. The calculated model fit indices (CFI, NFI, NNFI) with values over 0.9 demonstrate a very good quality of the model.

scholarly journals Relationship of Workplace Stressors and Organizational Commitment: A Study in the Education Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Sabita Mariam ◽  
Rohma Yousaf ◽  
Nausheen Syed
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Role Conflict ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Workplace Stressors ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between organizational commitment and workplace stressors, such as role ambiguity, role conflict, work-family conflict, and organizational injustice. A data of 150 respondents have been collected from the educational sector from university teachers of Faisalabad and analyzed through (SEM), using the least-squares method. The study included Pearson chi-square, correlation, and regression to verify determine how well theoretical distributions fit the empirical distributions. The study findings show the relationship between work-family conflict with organizational commitment, and the work-family conflict has a significant negative relationship with organizational commitment. The lack of commitment of teachers is due to their family responsibilities. The second purpose was to check the association between role ambiguity conflict and organizational commitment. Ambiguity/role conflict and organizational commitment have significant relations. Conflicts and ambiguity in the roles make them struggle to clear their role and prove themselves to the organization, which shows significant relation.

scholarly journals Global Publications Output in Quantum Computing Research: A Scientometric Assessment during 2007-16

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Dhawan ◽  
B.M. Gupta ◽  
Sudhanshu Bhusan
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Scientometric Assessment ◽  
Highly Cited

The paper maps quantum computing research on various publication and citation indicators, using data from Scopus database covering 10-year period 2007-16. Quantum computing research cumulated 4703 publications in 10 years, registered a slow 3.39% growth per annum, and averaged 14.30 citations per paper during the period. Top 10 countries dominate the field with 93.15% global publications share. The USA accounted for the highest 29.98% during the period. Australia tops in relative citation index (2.0).  International collaboration has been a major driver of research in the subject; 14.10% to 62.64% of national level output of top 10 countries appeared as international collaborative publications. Computer Science is one of the most popular areas of research in quantum computing research. The study identifies top 30 most productive organizations and authors, top 20 journals reporting quantum computing research, and 124 highly cited papers with 100+ citations per paper.

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