scholarly journals Monitoring Change of Body Fluid during Physical Exercise using Bioimpedance Spectroscopy and Finite Element Simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Röthlingshöfer ◽  
Mark Ulbrich ◽  
Sebastian Hahne ◽  
Steffen Leonhardt
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Potential Measurement

Abstract Athletes need a balanced body composition in order to achieve maximum performance. Especially dehydration reduces power and endurance during physical exercise. Monitoring the body composition, with a focus on body fluid, may help to avoid reduction in performance and other health problems. For this, a potential measurement method is bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). BIS is a simple, non-invasive measurement method that allows to determine different body compartments (body fluid, fat, fat-free mass). However, because many physiological changes occur during physical exercise that can influence impedance measurements and distort results, it cannot be assumed that the BIS data are related to body fluid loss alone. To confirm that BIS can detect body fluid loss due to physical exercise, finite element (FE) simulations were done. Besides impedance, also the current density contribution during a BIS measurement was modeled to evaluate the influence of certain tissues on BIS measurements. Simulations were done using CST EM Studio (Computer Simulation Technology, Germany) and the Visible Human Data Set (National Library of Medicine, USA). In addition to the simulations, BIS measurements were also made on athletes. Comparison between the measured bioimpedance data and simulation data, as well as body weight loss during sport, indicates that BIS measurements are sensitive enough to monitor body fluid loss during physical exercise.

scholarly journals Esteatose hepática pode comprometer o efeito do exercício físico sobre a composição corporal em crianças e adolescentes obesos?

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti Saraiva ◽  
Paula Alves Monteiro ◽  
Claudia De Carvalho Brunholi ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigues Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Children

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n4p459 Physical exercise is one of the forms of prevention and treatment of obesity and associated diseases such as hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to analyze whether hepatic steatosis interferes in the effect of physical exercise on the body composition of obese children and adolescents. The sample consists of 40 obese individuals, 13 children (8.17±1.33 years) and 27 adolescents (12.28±1.36 years). Total and segmental body composition was estimated by DEXA. Anthropometric measurements were performed, as well as ultrasound examination of the liver to measure intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat, and to diagnose hepatic steatosis (HS). The intervention consisted of 20 weeks, with recreational/competitive activities being applied to children and, for adolescents, concurrent training (aerobic and resistance). The Levene’s, repeated-measures ANOVA and effect size tests (ES) by Eta-Squared were performed. It was observed that, although not statistically significant, analyzing the effect size, physical activity in both children (body fat ES effect time= 0.210 and ES effect group= 0.208; fat mass ES effect group = 0.338; fat android ES effect Interaction= 0.267), and adolescents (intra-abdominal fat ES effect group = 0.230) regardless of whether or not HS was effective in reducing body fat. Therefore, exercise was effective in improving the body composition of obese children and adolescents, regardless of HS.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruka Tamura ◽  
Yoshinobu Kondo ◽  
Kohei Ito ◽  
Masanori Hasebe ◽  
Shinobu Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Body Fluid Volume

Abstract Background: Among patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, those receiving empagliflozin have a lower rate of primary composite cardiovascular outcomes and death from any cause. Alternatively, treatment with sulfonylurea reduces microvascular complications in diabetes but appears to increase cardiovascular hospitalization or mortality in combination with metformin. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride, a sulfonylurea, on endothelial function using flow–mediated dilation (FMD) to estimate arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group comparison, 58 patients with type 2 diabetes were administered metformin and glargine before bedtime for 12 weeks, followed by the random addition of 10 mg empagliflozin or 0.5 mg glimepiride for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the FMD measurement (DFMDs), which was measured prior to and following 12 weeks of additional treatment. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in metabolic markers and body composition. Results: Analysis of the empagliflozin group (n = 30) and glimepiride group (n = 28) showed no significant differences in DFMDs (empagliflozin, −0.19 ± 2.34%; glimepiride, −0.37 ± 2.77%; P = 0.79). Likewise, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) changes were similar between the two groups. Body weight changes significantly differed (empagliflozin, –0.59 ± 2.5 kg; glimepiride, 1.2 ± 3.0 kg; P = 0.02). However, analysis of the body composition revealed that body fluid volume significantly decreased only after empagliflozin treatment (baseline, 35.8 ± 6.8 L; after 12 weeks, –0.33 ± 0.72 L; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Empagliflozin did not improve endothelial function compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes, but decreased their body fluid volume. This suggested that the coronary protective effect of empagliflozin is not derived by protecting endothelial function but rather from reducing the risk of heart failure.

scholarly journals Bioimpedance spectroscopy for the estimation of body fluid volumes in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. F280-F283 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Chapman ◽  
L. Hu ◽  
C. F. Plato ◽  
D. E. Kohan
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Body Fluid Volume ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Resistance Coefficients

Conventional indicator dilution techniques for measuring body fluid volume are laborious, expensive, and highly invasive. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) may be a useful alternative due to being rapid, minimally invasive, and allowing repeated measurements. BIS has not been reported in mice; hence we examined how well BIS estimates body fluid volume in mice. Using C57/Bl6 mice, the BIS system demonstrated <5% intermouse variation in total body water (TBW) and extracellular (ECFV) and intracellular fluid volume (ICFV) between animals of similar body weight. TBW, ECFV, and ICFV differed between heavier male and lighter female mice; however, the ratio of TBW, ECFV, and ICFV to body weight did not differ between mice and corresponded closely to values in the literature. Furthermore, repeat measurements over 1 wk demonstrated <5% intramouse variation. Default resistance coefficients used by the BIS system, defined for rats, produced body composition values for TBW that exceeded body weight in mice. Therefore, body composition was measured in mice using a range of resistance coefficients. Resistance values at 10% of those defined for rats provided TBW, ECFV, and ICFV ratios to body weight that were similar to those obtained by conventional isotope dilution. Further evaluation of the sensitivity of the BIS system was determined by its ability to detect volume changes after saline infusion; saline provided the predicted changes in compartmental fluid volumes. In summary, BIS is a noninvasive and accurate method for the estimation of body composition in mice. The ability to perform serial measurements will be a useful tool for future studies.

In vivo prediction of goat body composition by computer tomography

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pooled Data

AbstractComputer tomography (CT) was evaluated as a method to predict body composition of live goats. Forty-one lactating goats were scanned. CT values (X-ray attenuation data) representing soft body tissues were summarized into 140 frequencies. By principal component analysis the 140 multicollinear frequencies were reduced to six orthogonal principal components at the loss of only 0·032 of the original variation.Following scanning at four positions the goats were slaughtered, dissected and the data analysed. Seven compositional traits (water, protein and fat from the carcass and non-carcass parts, and total energy of the body) were regressed on live weight and the six principal components from each of five CT data sets (data from the four scan positions and pooled data) in a stepwise linear regression procedure. Models from the pooled data set were further evaluated in a cross-validation procedure. Compared with evaluation based on calibration only, a more simple and precise model was chosen as the best by this procedure.After addition of CT variables in prediction equations already comprising live weight, cross-validation deviations were reduced by 0 for carcass water, 0 for carcass protein, 0·48 for carcass fat, 0·14 for non-carcass water, 0·23 for non-carcass protein, 0·73 for non-carcass fat, and 0·73 for total energy. These results show that CT is a valuable in vivo method for predicting body fat and energy, but less valuable for body water and protein.

scholarly journals KADAR NATRIUM SERUM PADA LATIHAN FISIK INTENSITAS RINGAN MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tifany S. Lesar
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Interstitial Volume ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Of Light

Abstract: Sodium is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluids that creates much of osmotic pressure to maintain intravascular and interstitial volume to protect the body from excessive fluid loss and it is the highest concentration of electrolytes that carried out of the body through sweat. This study aimed to detect changes in sodium levels before and after light intensity exercise in the students year 2010 Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University. This study was a pre-experimental with one group pretest & posttest design. The respondents on this study were 19-22 years, consisting of 18 men and 12 women. Data was collected by determining the serum sodium levels before and after 30 minutes light intensity physical exercise on treadmill. Sodium levels before physical exercise were 140.70 ± 2.231 and after physical exercise were 141.80 ± 1.750. Statistical test results showed there were significant differences in serum sodium levels before and after light intensity exercise (p =0.001). It can be concluded there is an effect of light intensity physical exercise in serum sodium levels in the students year 2010 Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University. Keywords: sodium, physical exercise, light intensity.     Abstrak: Natrium merupakan kation terbanyak cairan ekstrasel yang secara osmotik bertanggung jawab mempertahankan volume intravaskular dan interstisial untuk melindungi tubuh terhadap kehilangan cairan yang berlebihan dan natrium merupakan elektrolit dengan konsentrasi tertinggi yang terbawa keluar tubuh melalui keringat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar natrium serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas ringan pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi angkatan 2010. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra-eksperimental one group pretest & posttest design. Responden dari penelitian ini berusia 19-22 tahun terdiri dari 18 laki-laki dan 12 perempuan. Data diperoleh melalui pemeriksaan laboratorium yaitu kadar natrium serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas ringan selama 30 menit berjalan di atas treadmill. Rata-rata kadar natrium sebelum latihan fisik adalah 140.70 ± 2.231 dan sesudah latihan fisik adalah 141.80 ± 1.750. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar natrium serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas ringan (p =0.001). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan fisik intensitas ringan terhadap kadar natrium serum mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi angkatan 2010. Kata Kunci: natrium, latihan fisik, intensitas ringan.  

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruka Tamura ◽  
Yoshinobu Kondo ◽  
Kohei Ito ◽  
Masanori Hasebe ◽  
Shinobu Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Among patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, those receiving empagliflozin have a lower rate of primary composite cardiovascular outcomes and death from any cause. While treatment with sulfonylurea reduces microvascular complications in diabetes, it increases cardiovascular hospitalization or mortality when combined with metformin. In the present study, we assessed the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride, a commonly prescribed sulfonylurea, on endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) to estimate arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: In this prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study, 58 patients with type 2 diabetes received metformin and glargine before bedtime for 12 weeks. This was followed by additional treatment with either 10 mg empagliflozin or 0.5 mg glimepiride for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the FMD measurement (DFMDs), measured prior to and after 12 weeks of additional treatment. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in metabolic markers and body composition.Results: An analysis of the empagliflozin group (n = 30) and glimepiride group (n = 28) showed no significant differences in DFMDs (empagliflozin, −0.19 ± 2.34%; glimepiride, −0.37 ± 2.77%; P = 0.79). Similarly, changes in glycated hemoglobin were similar between the two groups. However, a significant difference in body weight changes was observed between the two groups (empagliflozin, −0.59 ± 2.5 kg; glimepiride, 1.2 ± 3.0 kg; P = 0.02). In addition, an analysis of the body composition revealed that body fluid volume significantly decreased after empagliflozin treatment (baseline, 35.8 ± 6.8 L; after 12 weeks, −0.33 ± 0.72 L; P = 0.03).Conclusions: Empagliflozin did not improve endothelial function when compared to that with glimepiride for patients with type 2 diabetes but decreased body fluid volumes. This suggested that the coronary-protective effect of empagliflozin is not derived from protection of the endothelial function but rather from a reduction in the risk of heart failure.Trial Registration: This trial was registered on September 13, 2016; UMIN000024001.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruka Tamura ◽  
Yoshinobu Kondo ◽  
Kohei Ito ◽  
Masanori Hasebe ◽  
Shinobu Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Body Fluid Volume

Abstract Background: Among patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, those receiving empagliflozin have a lower rate of primary composite cardiovascular outcomes and death from any cause. Alternatively, treatment with sulfonylurea reduces microvascular complications in diabetes but appears to increase cardiovascular hospitalization or mortality in combination with metformin. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride, a sulfonylurea, on endothelial function using flow–mediated dilation (FMD) to estimate arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group comparison, 58 patients with type 2 diabetes were administered metformin and glargine before bedtime for 12 weeks, followed by the random addition of 10 mg empagliflozin or 0.5 mg glimepiride for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the FMD measurement (DFMDs), which was measured prior to and following 12 weeks of additional treatment. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in metabolic markers and body composition. Results: Analysis of the empagliflozin group (n = 30) and glimepiride group (n = 28) showed no significant differences in DFMDs (empagliflozin, −0.19 ± 2.34%; glimepiride, −0.37 ± 2.77%; P ＝ 0.79). Likewise, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) changes were similar between the two groups. Body weight changes significantly differed (empagliflozin, –0.59 ± 2.5 kg; glimepiride, 1.2 ± 3.0 kg; P = 0.02). However, analysis of the body composition revealed that body fluid volume significantly decreased only after empagliflozin treatment (baseline, 35.8 ± 6.8 L; after 12 weeks, –0.33 ± 0.72 L; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Empagliflozin did not improve endothelial function compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes, but decreased their body fluid volume. This suggested that the coronary protective effect of empagliflozin is not derived by protecting endothelial function but rather from reducing the risk of heart failure.

scholarly journals PO-213 Comparison of the effects of Swimming and skiing exercise on the stamina quality of undergraduate male students in Capital University of physical Education and Sports

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjie Ren ◽  
Yedan Ma
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Field Equipment ◽  
Dynamic Endurance

Objective Many factors affecting the endurance quality of college students include genetic factors, age, sex, physical exercise, physical fitness and nervous system tolerance.Physical exercise is of great importance to improving endurance quality. If we take part in physical exercise for a long time, we can make people's heart muscle develop.The heart's potential is fully tapped.The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of swimming and skiing exercise on the endurance quality of undergraduate male students in Capital Institute of physical Education, so as to provide the basis for the improvement of endurance quality of college students. Methods 1 Measurement of general endurance (1) 1000m run (M) Significance of measurement: it mainly reflects the ability of the subjects to work long hours in the heart and lungs. Track and Field equipment: 400 mL 300 mU 200md track, stopwatch, whistle. Test method: the subjects stood at the starting line in a standing position and immediately started when they heard the whistle. The timekeeper starts counting, recording each test in detail, accurate to 0.1 seconds. Measurement requirements: testers report the number of laps left to the tester during the test to avoid running around. 2 Measurement of Speed Endurance (1) 400m run measurement Significance of measurement: it mainly reflects the speed and endurance level of the subjects. Field equipment: 400 m track, stopwatch, whistle. Issue a flag of command. The shorter it takes to run: 400m, the higher the speed endurance. Measurement method: after standing at the starting line, the subjects start at the whistle and finish the whole race as soon as possible. 3 Measurement of dynamic endurance (1) pull-up Significance of the test: the strength and dynamic force of the upper limb group and the shoulder band muscle group, which mainly respond to their own body weight. Measuring equipment: high horizontal bar. Measurement method: the subjects take off, hold the bar with their hands in a positive grip. After the body is still, both arms pull up at the same time and practice repeatedly until they try their best. Measurement requirements: When the bar is high, there should be corresponding protection measures. Participants can use the help of others when they can't hold the bar, but they must complete the whole process by themselves . In the face of testers in the process of testing instability can help their stability.   Results The results showed that the general endurance, speed endurance and dynamic endurance of the non-sports major boys who took the swimming course in the Capital Institute of physical Education were higher than those of the non-sports major boys who took the skiing courses. Conclusions In this experiment, SPSS20.0 software was selected to calculate and analyze the data, and t test was carried out. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05). In this experiment, the results of the first elective swimming and skiing courses for male students of non-sports major are true and effective. After one semester, The endurance quality of the non-sports major boys in the first elective swimming course is higher than that of the non-sports major boys in the ski course. Therefore, it can be concluded that swimming can improve the endurance quality of the boys in the first body non-sports major more than skiing.  

Effect of an exercise-heat acclimation program on body fluid regulatory responses to dehydration in older men

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. R1041-R1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Takamata ◽  
Tomoyuki Ito ◽  
Kazuhiro Yaegashi ◽  
Hisatake Takamiya ◽  
Yasuyo Maegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Intermittent Light ◽  
Young Subjects

We examined if an exercise-heat acclimation program improves body fluid regulatory function in older subjects, as has been reported in younger subjects. Nine older (Old; 70 ± 3 yr) and six younger (Young; 25 ± 3 yr) male subjects participated in the study. Body fluid regulatory responses to an acute thermal dehydration challenge were examined before and after the 6-day acclimation session. Acute dehydration was produced by intermittent light exercise [4 bouts of 20-min exercise at 40% peak rate of oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 peak) separated by 10 min rest] in the heat (36°C; 40% relative humidity) followed by 30 min of recovery without fluid intake at 25°C. During the 2-h rehydration period the subjects drank a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution ad libitum. In the preacclimation test, the Old lost ∼0.8 kg during dehydration and recovered 31 ± 4% of that loss during rehydration, whereas the Young lost ∼1.2 kg and recovered 56 ± 8% ( P < 0.05, Young vs. Old). During the 6-day heat acclimation period all subjects performed the same exercise-heat exposure as in the dehydration period. Exercise-heat acclimation increased plasma volume by ∼5% ( P < 0.05) in Young subjects but not in Old. The body fluid loss during dehydration in the postacclimation test was similar to that in the preacclimation in Young and Old. The fractional recovery of lost fluid volume during rehydration increased in Young (by 80 ± 9%; P < 0.05) but not in Old (by only 34 ± 5%; NS). The improved recovery from dehydration in Young was mainly due to increased fluid intake with a small increase in the fluid retention fraction. The greater involuntary dehydration (greater fluid deficit) in Old was accompanied by reduced plasma vasopressin and aldosterone concentrations, renin activity, and subjective thirst rating ( P < 0.05, Young vs. Old). Thus older people have reduced ability to facilitate body fluid regulatory function by exercise-heat acclimation, which might be involved in attenuation of the acclimation-induced increase in body fluid volume.

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