scholarly journals "They Shall not Draw Nigh": The Access of Unbelievers to Sacred Space in Islamic and Jewish Law

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 103-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze’ev Maghen
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Temple

This essay compares the Sunnī Muslim position(s) concerning the ingress of non-Muslims to the Meccan Sanctuary with the Rabbinic outlook on the entry of non-Jews into the Temple precinct. In both cases, the issue is one of purity and pollution, and the algorithms of each religion’s ritual code are therefore probed in search of the underlying bases for their respective policies on the subject. The discussion will follow the legists through their intricate evaluation of what is perceived by many today to be ‘minutiae’ – it was certainly not seen thus by the jurists themselves. The attitudes of Sharīʿa and Halakha to immersion for the sake of conversion also harbor significant implications for this question, and space is devoted to elucidating the two systems’ variant rationales for requiring this ceremony. Our conclusions reveal a significant difference – indeed, a diametric antithesis – between Judaism’s and Islam’s conceptions of the cultic status of the other.

PECULIARITIES OF LIGHT FUNCTIONING IN MODERN GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCHES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Yatsiv M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Catholic Churches ◽  
The Temple

In each historical period, light played an important mystical role in the creation of the sacred space of the temple, and was and is an integral part of religious ritual. Light is an architectural phenomenon, the formative and communicative element of the spatial structure of the temple, the most important factor in the perception of space and layout of the temple. The subject of the analysis contained in the article is the light environment in the space of modern churches of Ukraine. An analysis of the functions of light in churches is made on the example of recently built iconic Greek Catholic temples. The peculiarities of the distribution of natural and artificial light in the space of modern churches, the similarities and differences in the organization of the light environment, as compared to the historical temples, have been revealed. The influence of the light on the architectonics of temples and the visual perception of their object environment, on the formation of the corresponding mystical mood and sacred atmosphere is defined. The values and functions of electric lighting in the structure of the light environment of the temple, the directions of development of electric lighting systems due to the expansion of their utilitarian and decorative functions are determined.

Israeli Law and Jewish Law — Interaction and Independence

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 507-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahyahu Lifshitz
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Jewish law is an independent legal system embracing most of the subjects to be found in any system of positive law. The hopes and efforts of many people notwithstanding, Israeli law is not identical to Jewish law, nor does it constitute one of its branches. The generally accepted view is that Jewish law is not influenced, nor affected in any way, by the acts of the Israeli legislature or judiciary. There is, however, little doubt that to a certain extent, Israeli law is influenced by Jewish law. It is therefore a legitimate exercise to discuss the nature of the relationship between the two systems from the point of view of Israeli law. We may also comment upon the amount of satisfaction or disappointment which may legitimately be felt, on the one hand, by those in favour of reinforcing the relationship between the two systems and making it stronger and more active and, on the other, by those opposed to such a relationship. It should also be observed that the interrelationship between Israeli and Jewish law is not only to be perceived from the standpoint of pure law. Any discussion of this question involves issues of a political, religious and social nature; a study focussing on the bare legal facts alone would provide a necessarily distorted picture.

scholarly journals Parents of attitudes toward inclusion of students with disabilities in Omani schools

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Alqaryouti
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Attitudes Toward Inclusion ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Attitudes Towards Inclusion

The present study attempts to identify the attitudes of parents of students with disabilities and without disabilities towards inclusion of students with disabilities in the Omani schools. In particular, it examines the effect of a number of variables on the attitudes of parents towards inclusion. The study sample consists of 622 parents of whom 236 are parents of students with disabilities, and 386 are parents of students without disabilities. The study uses a scale to measure parents’ attitudes towards inclusion in the Omani schools (Alqaryouti, Moosa & Husien, 2012). The results show a statistically significant differences between the attitudes of the two groups, in favor of the parents of students with disabilities. The results also demonstrate that there is a statistically significant difference in parents’ attitudes towards inclusion as a result of differences in parents’ educational levels. In contrast, the study does not reveal any effects for the other variables - age and type of guardian. The study makes a number of recommendations related to the subject.

ON SOME FEATURES OF JAIN ARCHITECTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-216
Author(s):  
Евгения Михайловна Карлова
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western India ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Temple

Основной комплекс джайнских архитектурных памятников лежит в целом в контексте общеиндийской традиции, представляя собой симметрично-осевые храмы с расположенными друг за другом одной или несколькими мандапами и гарбха-грихой. Оформлены они обычно в едином стиле с памятниками соответствующей эпохи и локализации. Некоторые стандартные для индийского храмового строительства элементы в джайнских памятниках акцентируются или приобретают особое значение. В центральной и западной Индии в раннем Средневековье начинает складываться особый тип центричного джайнского храма - чатурмукха, который достигает наивысшего развития в памятниках периода Соланки. Пик его развития совпадает с взлетом джайнской диаспоры в этот период, сопровож давшимся активным строительством. Тогда же высшей точки достигает своеобразный стиль архитектурной декорации, получивший название «стиль Мару-Гурджара» и прочно ассоциирующийся нынче именно с джайнскими памятниками.Храм типа чатурмукха выражает базовые принципы джайнской космологии и как отдельными частями, так и в целом соотносится с описанным в священных текстах сакральным пространством. Одно из важнейших понятий мистической географии джайнизма, самвасарана, воплощается в архитектуре как часть гарбха-грихи, но может выступать и как отдельно стоящее сооружение в рамках храмового комплекса. В дальнейшем тип храма чатурмукха не получил широкого распространения, в отличие от некоторых декоративных элементов стиля Мару-Гурджара. Их формальное повторение в сочетании со стремлением к воплощению на земле сакральной географии - отличительная черта джайнской архитектуры Нового и Новейшего времени. The main complex of Jain architectural monuments lies in the context of the general tradition of Indian temple architecture, representing symmetrico-axial temples with one or several mandapas and a garbha-griha located one behind the other. They are usually decorated in the same style as the monuments of the respective epoch and localization. Some standard elements of Indian temple construction in Jain monuments are emphasized or take on particular significance. A special type of centric Jaina temple, chaturmukha, originated in central and western India in the early Middle Ages. It reached its highest degree of development in the monuments of the Solanki period. The peak of its development coincides with the rise of the Jain diaspora during this period, accompanied by active construction. At the same time, the original style of architectural scenery, called the “Maru-Gurjara style” and strongly associated with Jain monuments, reaches its highest point. The chaturmukha-type temple expresses the basic principles of Jaina cosmology and, both as individual parts, and as a whole, corresponds with the sacred space described in the sacred texts. One of the most important concepts of the mystical geography of Jainism, samvasarana, is embodied in architecture as part of the garbha-grikha, but it can also act as a separate building within the temple complex. In the future, the type of temple chaturmukha would not receive widespread popularity, unlike some decorative elements of the style of Maru-Gurjara. Their formal repetition combined with the desire to incarnate sacred geography on earth is a distinctive feature of the Jain architecture of the New and Modern times.

Different types of rupture of the tumor capsule and the impact on survival in early ovarian carcinoma

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SjÖVall ◽  
B. Nilsson ◽  
N. Einhorn
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tumor Capsule ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intraoperative Rupture ◽  
The Impact

The significance of tumor spill in the early stages of ovarian carcinoma has been the subject of controversy. Since rupture of the capsule of the tumor may occur in several different ways, we analyzed all cases of early ovarian cancer treated at Radiumhemmet, Stockholm, Sweden, during the period 1974–1986, in which possible spill of tumor cells was catalogued in different groups. In 247 out of 394 patients (62%) the risk of spill had to be considered. There was no difference in survival between patients whose tumors had intact capsules and patients in whom rupture occurred during surgery—78% and 85%, respectively. On the other hand, a significant difference in survival was found between patients in whom rupture occurred before surgery and those with intraoperative rupture—59% and 85%, respectively. The conclusion can be drawn that manipulation during surgery which results in puncture or rupture does not have a negative influence on the outcome for the patients.

Another Hellenistic Royal Portrait from the Temple of Apollo at Cyrene?

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Adams
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Temple

AbstractDuring their second campaign at the temple of Apollo in August 1861, Robert Murdoch Smith and Edwin Porcher discovered a large marble female head along the northern edge of the building's peristasis. The sculpture was subsequently sent to the British Museum. A recent re-examination of the head suggests that it deserves serious more attention than it has hitherto merited, principally for its quality, and the fact that it displays characteristics highly indicative of Hellenistic royal portraiture. Furthermore, comparison with a similarly sized and modelled male head discovered inside the temple presently identified as ‘Ptolemy Apion’ suggests the two should be considered as companion pieces. This paper attempts to identify the subject of the female head within the context of other sculpture originating from the temple, together with epigraphy relating to the Ptolemaic family at Cyrene. It also explores the possibility of a royal portrait group erected inside Cyrene's primary sacred space.

scholarly journals Scientism and anti-scientism as two images of the philosophy of science, two worldviews, and two systems of life guidance of a person (historical-philosophical and general theoretical aspects)

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Alekseevich Gusev ◽  
Vasilii Aleksandrovich Potaturov
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Social Existence ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Chain Links

The question on the polemics between scientism and anti-scientism being different sociocultural orientations and opposite worldview poles remains insufficiently covered within the modern philosophy of science. The object of this research is the controversy of scientism and anti-scientism as the two images and concepts of the philosophy of science. The subject is the worldview companions of scientism and anti-scientism, as well as the two systems of ideological, ontological and practical orientations of human and social existence built upon them. The goal of the article consists in identification of the two possible and opposite images of the philosophy of science, suggested by the concept itself, their interrelation, and establishment of worldview chain links beginning with scientism and anti-scientism, and clarification of opposing systems of life orientation of a person. One of the results of the conducted research consists in determination of two images of the philosophy of science and related to them scientism and anti-scientism, which are not only and not much different and in a worldview sense “neutral” sociocultural orientations, as the other way around, “loaded” from a worldview perspective intellectual positions, fairly conforming with the certain ideological paradigms, which in entirety and complementarity, form the two opposing worldviews and two systems of life guidance of a person.

Jewish Law of Warranties: Some Comparative Aspects

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-130
Author(s):  
Irwin H. Haut
Keyword(s):  
Jewish History ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Great Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Interested Reader ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Case Basis

Aspects of Jewish Sales Law which may be referred to as the law of warranties are the subject of this article. Only the sale of personalty is dealt with and comparison is made with parallel developments in American Sales Law.The temptation to engage in extensive discussion of the sources of Jewish Law and of its nature and developments has been resisted and only some brief preliminary remarks concerning Jewish Law have been included but the interested reader is referred elsewhere for further discussion of these matters.Unlike the Common law, which developed on a case to case basis, Jewish law developed along several lines. Jewish law developed in part on a case to case basis as exemplified by Talmudic discussions and expositions; in part in an enormous and still growingResponsaliterature; and in the decisions of Rabbinical Courts throughout Jewish history. On the other hand, the development of Jewish law depended in great part on various Codes, the most important for our purposes being those of Maimonides, Asherides and Karo.

The Treatment of Jewish Law in American Decisions

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
A. Frank Baron
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
American Law ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Subject

The application of foreign law in American courts forms the subject matter of much comparative law writing. Two alternative approaches are usually adopted by the comparative legal scholars. One studies pleading and proof of foreign law in American courts; the other studies the substantive use of foreign law by American courts. No studies of the actual use of Jewish law by American courts are to be found. In what follows an attempt will be made to fill the gap and to draw some conclusions concerning the relevance and advantages to the courts, the parties and society generally of such use of Jewish law.All reported cases which have expressly made some use of Jewish law are collected and analyzed in this article. In addition, the application of Jewish law to the resolution of conflicts presently handled by the courts is discussed.The reported judgments in which a party's appeal to Jewish law was considered relevant are classified according to American law classifications as opposed to Jewish law classifications. Finally, the actual relevance and the relevance in the eyes of the presiding judge of the Jewish law to the controversy before the court is examined.

WINTER INJURY AND YIELDING ABILITY OF SIX RED RASPBERRY VARIETIES UNDER TWO SYSTEMS OF CULTURE IN NOVA SCOTIA

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Craig ◽  
L. E. Aalders
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Yielding Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Systems

Over a 3-year period, significant differences were found in the percentage bud survival of six raspberry varieties, and their yielding abilities under two systems of culture. Trent was the hardiest variety followed in order by Early Red, Mailing Promise, Carnival, Willamette, and Viking. Trent also gave the greatest fruit yield, and Mailing Promise the least. Trent yielded 66% more under the stool system than under the hedge row system, but there was no significant difference in the yielding abilities of the other varieties between the two systems of culture.The varieties that produced satisfactory crops following moderate winter injury were those that produced abundant fruiting laterals at the bases of the canes.

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