scholarly journals Nasjonale prøver – hemmende styringsverktøy eller lokale redskap for praksisutvikling?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ole Petter Vestheim
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Practice Architectures ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
National Tests ◽  
Practice Development ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Development Practice ◽  
Over Time

Artikkelen bygger på empiri fra en studie som hadde til hensikt å undersøke hva som kjennetegner praksis(er) på skoler som over tid har oppnådd gode resul¬tater på nasjonale prøver. Studiens hensikt var å utvikle forskningsbasert kunnskap om forhold som er av betydning for å lykkes på de nasjonale prøvene og avdekke hvilken plass prøvene hadde i skolenes praksis. Data ble innhentet med bruk av kvalitative singel- og gruppeintervjuer med rektorer og lærere fra sju skoler. Det teoretiske perspektivet og funnene i studien bidrar til å kaste lys over hvordan nasjonale prøver, som inngår i skolenes praksisarkitekturer, bidrar til praksisutvikling.Nøkkelord: standardiserte prøver, nasjonale prøver, skoleutvikling, praksis, praksisarkitekturerNational tests – inhibitory management tools or local tools for practice development?AbstractThe article is based on empirical evidence from a study that intended to investi¬gate what characterizes practice(s) in schools that have achieved good results in national tests over time. The purpose of the study was to develop research-based knowledge about conditions that are important for the success in the national tests and to reveal the place that the tests had in the practice of the schools. Data was obtained using qualitative single and group interviews with principals and teachers from seven schools. The theoretical perspective and the findings in the study help to shed light on how national tests, which are part of the schools’ practice architectures, contribute to practice development.Keywords: standardized tests, national tests, school development, practice, practice architectures

The Cold War and After

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Trachtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International System ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
Book Deal ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
Shed Light

What makes for war or for a stable international system? Are there general principles that should govern foreign policy? This book explores how historical work can throw light on these questions. The essays in this book deal with specific problems—with such matters as nuclear strategy and U.S.–European relations. But the book's main goal is to show how in practice a certain type of scholarly work can be done. The book demonstrates how, in studying international politics, the conceptual and empirical sides of the analysis can be made to connect with each other, and how historical, theoretical, and even policy issues can be tied together in an intellectually respectable way. These essays address a wide variety of topics, from theoretical and policy issues, such as the question of preventive war and the problem of international order, to more historical subjects—for example, American policy on Eastern Europe in 1945 and Franco-American relations during the Nixon–Pompidou period. But in each case, the aim is to show how a theoretical perspective can be brought to bear on the analysis of historical issues, and how historical analysis can shed light on basic conceptual problems.

scholarly journals Effects of Time-Varying Parent Input on Children’s Language Outcomes Differ for Vocabulary and Syntax

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097055
Author(s):  
Catriona Silvey ◽  
Özlem Ece Demir-Lira ◽  
Susan Goldin-Meadow ◽  
Stephen W. Raudenbush
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Linguistic Input ◽  
Language Input ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Early linguistic input is a powerful predictor of children’s language outcomes. We investigated two novel questions about this relationship: Does the impact of language input vary over time, and does the impact of time-varying language input on child outcomes differ for vocabulary and for syntax? Using methods from epidemiology to account for baseline and time-varying confounding, we predicted 64 children’s outcomes on standardized tests of vocabulary and syntax in kindergarten from their parents’ vocabulary and syntax input when the children were 14 and 30 months old. For vocabulary, children whose parents provided diverse input earlier as well as later in development were predicted to have the highest outcomes. For syntax, children whose parents’ input substantially increased in syntactic complexity over time were predicted to have the highest outcomes. The optimal sequence of parents’ linguistic input for supporting children’s language acquisition thus varies for vocabulary and for syntax.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study on Employees’ Experiences of a Support model for Systematic Work Environment Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Hellman ◽  
Fredrik Molin ◽  
Magnus Svartengren
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Work Groups ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Support Model

Background: The aim is to explore how an organisational work environment support model, the Stamina model, influences employees’ work situations and the development of sustainable work systems. Methods: It was a qualitative study with semi-structured, focus-group interviews, including 45 employees from six work groups. Eighteen focus group interviews were conducted over a period of two years. Data were analysed with constant comparative method. Results: The core category, shifting focus from an individual to an organisational perspective of work, illustrated how communication and increased understanding of one’s work tasks changed over time and contributed to deeper focus on the actual operation. These insights were implemented at different time points among the work groups during the two-year process. Conclusions: Our results indicate that working with the model engages employees in the work environment management, puts emphasis on reflections and discussions about the meaning and purpose of the operations and enables a shared platform for communication. These are important features that need to continue over time in order to create a sustainable work system. The Stamina model, thus seems to have the potential to promote productive and healthy work places.

A Quantitative Study of the Paratexts in Erasmus-Froben Imprints

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-181
Author(s):  
Ann Blair ◽  
Maryam Patton
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We study the paratexts in Erasmus’ imprints with Johann then Hieronymus Froben of Basel between 1514 and 1536. From Valentina Sebastiani’s bibliography of Johann Froben we observe that Erasmus was a more abundant paratexter than other authors who published with Johann Froben. We supplement that work with a bibliography of Erasmus’ imprints with Hieronymus Froben. We note trends across the Erasmus-Froben corpus, including: a remarkable number of imprints, equally balanced between new editions and re-editions, abundant dedications without correlation to format, indexes in folio volumes especially, a growing attention to errata lists over time. These patterns shed light on one author-printer partnership but also on more general trends in learned publishing in the early 16th century.

scholarly journals MAKING A CHANGE FROM BELOW

Traditiones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Daša Ličen ◽  
Dan Podjed
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Social Transition ◽  
Environmental Movements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

The authors look into two environmental movements that arose from grassroots initiatives. The first is Ecologists without Borders, the leading NGO promoting waste reduction in Slovenia. The second is Critical Mass, an international cyclists’ movement that seeks more public space for urban cyclists, which the authors studied in Belgrade and Budapest. Ethnographic analysis indicates that the two movements have had certain common experiences. The authors use these cases to investigate the social transition that such movements support and shed light on how they arise, function, and change over time.

The coming age of adversarial social bot detection

First Monday ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Cresci ◽  
Marinella Petrocchi ◽  
Angelo Spognardi ◽  
Stefano Tognazzi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Security ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Bot Detection ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

Social bots are automated accounts often involved in unethical or illegal activities. Academia has shown how these accounts evolve over time, becoming increasingly smart at hiding their true nature by disguising themselves as genuine accounts. If they evade, bots hunters adapt their solutions to find them: the cat and mouse game. Inspired by adversarial machine learning and computer security, we propose an adversarial and proactive approach to social bot detection, and we call scholars to arms, to shed light on this open and intriguing field of study.

Premature Predicaments

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-58
Author(s):  
Dána-Ain Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Harriet Jacobs ◽  
Birth Stories ◽  
Racial Science ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Autobiographical Narrative

This chapter examines the definitions of prematurity over time and specifically explores how racial science has been used to animate the definitions and etiology, or causes, of premature birth. This chapter focuses on the birth stories of four women, who gave birth prematurely in different centuries, between the nineteenth century and the present, to shed light on the temporality of Black women’s birth outcomes. The birth stories, including one contained in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, an autobiographical narrative by Harriet Jacobs, highlight questions about the definition and etiology of prematurity. The stories also illustrate some of the clinical causes of premature birth and present the situations that women describe as evidence of medical racism.

Body schema and body image in motor learning: refining Merleau-Ponty’s notion of body schema

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Shogo Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this chapter is to explicate the interrelated roles of body schema and body image in motor learning and to shed light on the phenomenology of body image from a fresh perspective. The chapter revisits how Merleau-Ponty conceptualized body schema in terms of the lived body. Second, the chapter will have a short review of the scientific research on motor learning. And then, comparing with Gallagher and Cole’s analysis of Ian Waterman, the chapter examines the symptom of Schneider, the case of whom Merleau-Ponty referred to in considering the function of body schema. The argument presented in the chapter will show that Merleau-Ponty’s idea crucially lacked the theoretical distinction of body schema and body image, though his idea of ‘intentional arc’ involved a certain aspect of the latter. And finally, the chapter comes back to the theme of motor learning in order to describe the roles of body schema and body image in the actual process of motor learning. On the one hand, this chapter aims to brush up the phenomenology of embodiment by refining Merleau-Ponty’s notion of body schema. But on the other hand, it also aims to push forward the sciences of motor learning from a theoretical perspective.

Agility in Software Development and Project Value

2022 ◽  
pp. 356-376
Author(s):  
VenuGopal Balijepally ◽  
Gerald DeHondt ◽  
Vijayan Sugumaran ◽  
Sridhar Nerur
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Agile Development ◽  
Software Teams ◽  
What Works ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Over Time

Agile Development Methods, considered as an alternative to the traditional plan-based methods, have received much attention since their inception. These practices have evolved and developed over time, culminating in 2001 with the Agile Manifesto. Since that time, preferred methodologies, implementations, and best practices have continued to evolve with a focus on doing what works best for the individual company or project. However, the concept of agility in software development has remained quite nebulous, lacking in clarity particularly about its underlying dimensions. In this research the authors conceive agility in terms of four distinct dimensions. Drawing from the theoretical perspective of holographic organization, they develop a model explaining how each of these underlying dimensions of agility contributes to project value in software teams. The authors test the model using survey data collected from industry practitioners and discuss findings.

Much changes, much remains the same: Icelandic parents’ perspectives on preschool education

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-232
Author(s):  
Johanna Einarsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Cultural Discourses ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Curriculum Guidelines ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of the study was to shed light on Icelandic parents’ views on their children’s preschool educations and explore if their views have changed over the last decade. In 2005/2006, focus group interviews were conducted with parents of 5- and 6-year-old children in three preschools in Iceland. In 2016, the same preschools were revisited, and now 26 parent participants were interviewed. Several challenges have been facing Icelandic early childhood education and care in the last decade. Iceland is faced with academic pushes and pressures to increase accountability. In addition, society is moving from a homogeneous to a multicultural nature. Therefore, it was of interest to explore if parents’ views had changed over the last decade. However, mostly parents of Icelandic origin were willing to participate. The findings from the present study therefore show the views of dominant Icelandic parents. The views of those parents have not changed much over the last decade, in spite of changes in the societal and educational landscape. They endorsed play as well as social and personal competences. The findings indicate that socio-cultural discourses are influential in shaping the narratives of participating parents. It seems that the parents were expressing ideas proposed by the Icelandic National Curriculum Guidelines for Preschools and their views reflect the dominant cultural values that are presented in the curriculum guidelines. One can assume that these cultural values reflected in the curriculum are stronger than the current neoliberal, global emphasis since the ideas of the participating parents had not changed significantly from the views of parents a decade ago, in spite of an international trend emphasising the academification of preschools and increasing multiculturalism in the country. Hence, the study shows clearly that despite neoliberal pressures, play and child-centred preschools remain a priority for Icelandic parents.

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