scholarly journals Harnessing Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Monitoring of Saturation of Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Czesław Suchocki ◽  
Jacek Katzer ◽  
Marzena Damięcka-Suchocka ◽  
Elżbieta Kuźmińska ◽  
Jacek Rapiński
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Laser Signal ◽  
Building Wall

A type of scanned surface (its physico-chemical properties) significantly influences the power of the returning laser signal in terrestrial laser scanner technique. The influence of different colour and rough-ness of a scanned surface on absorption and scattering was proven by multiple researchers. Water is characterized by high absorption coefficient of a laser signal. Keeping this fact in mind authors prepared a research programme focused on the influence of moisture movement in building wall on the value of the intensity in TLS. An impulse TLS scanner ScanStation C10 produced by Leica was used during the research programme in an indoor environment. The measurements were conducted targeting specially formed walls made of cellular concrete and ceramic hollow blocks. Test objects were placed in a special plastic container with water. The level of the water in the container was kept constant using an autonomous hydraulic pressure system. The porous dry wall was sucking water and the level of saturation was rising. The differences in values of intensity point cloud from scan were of special interest. In addition, tests have been carried out to the building object in an outdoors environment. Achieved results have shown that the intensity of the reflected laser beam from the wet building materials is much lower than that of dry materials. This dependency can be used for the measurement of TLS in the geodetic monitoring. Apart from determining the geometry of a building wall, it is possible to determine changes its humidity. Keywords: terrestrial laser scanner, intensity, humidity, geodetic monitoring

scholarly journals Terrestrial Laser Scanner as a Tool for Assessment of Saturation and Moisture Movement in Building Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czesław Suchocki ◽  
Jacek Katzer ◽  
Jacek Rapiński
Keyword(s):  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Non Destructive

Non Destructive Testing (NDT) is a key element of modern civil engineering. It is especially important in civil and structural engineering helping both in quality control of produced elements and technical assessments of existing structures. Existing NDT methods are being continuously improved and new methods are developed or adopted from different engineering fields. Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) method which is commonly used for geodetic applications has a great potential to be successfully harnessed in civil and structural engineering. TLS can be used for remote sensing of saturation of building materials. A research programme was prepared in order to prove this concept. Specimens representing most popular European building materials were scanned using TLS. Tested specimens were in different saturation states including capillary rising saturation. The saturation assessment was based on differences of values of intensity. The concept proved to be feasible and technically realistic.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing to Estimate Saturation Differences of Chosen Building Materials Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czesław Suchocki ◽  
Jacek Katzer ◽  
Arkadiusz Panuś
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Partially Saturated ◽  
Laser Signal

Abstract Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) method which is commonly used for geodetic applications has a great potential to be successfully harnessed for multiple civil engineering applications. One of the most promising uses of TLS in construction industry is remote sensing of saturation of building materials. A research programme was prepared in order to prove that harnessing TLS for such an application is viable. Results presented in the current paper are a part of a much larger research programme focused on harnessing TLS for remote sensing of saturation of building materials. The paper describes results of the tests conducted with an impulse scanner Leica C-10. Tests took place both indoors (in a stable lab conditions) and outdoors (in a real environment). There were scanned specimens of the most popular building materials in Europe. Tested specimens were dried and saturated (including capillary rising moisture). One of the tests was performed over a period of 95 hours. Basically, a concrete specimen was scanned during its setting and hardening. It was proven that absorption of a laser signal is influenced by setting and hardening of concrete. Outdoor tests were based on scanning real buildings with partially saturated facades. The saturation assessment was based on differences of values of intensity. The concept proved to be feasible and technically realistic.

scholarly journals 3D MODELS OF OBJECTS IN PROCESS OF RECONSTRUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Radović
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Airborne Laser

Within the last years terrestrial and airborne laser scanning has become a powerful technique for fast and efficient three-dimensional data acquisition of different kinds of objects. Airborne laser system (LiDAR) collects accurate georeferenced data of extremely large areas very quickly while the terrestrial laser scanner produces dense and geometrically accurate data. The combination of these two segments of laser scanning provides different areas of application. One of the applications is in the process of reconstruction of objects. Objects recorded with laser scanning technology and transferred into the final model represent the basis for building an object as it was original. In this paper, there will be shown two case studies based on usage of airborne and terrestrial laser scanning and processing of the data collected by them.

The Horizontal Deformation Analysis of High-rise Buildings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Žymantas Gražulis ◽  
Boleslovas Krikštaponis ◽  
Algirdas Neseckas ◽  
Darius Popovas ◽  
Raimundas Putrimas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Horizontal Deformation ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Cloud Data Processing

The horizontal deformation analysis of high-rise buildings, quite often is complicated because buildings like chimneys, towers and etc, have complex and asymmetric shapes, consequently there is not always the possibility to apply the method of single points motion analysis. Furthermore, the horizontal deformation analysis is complicated using standard measurement methods like measurements with electronic total stations or optical theodolites. In such case the terrestrial laser scanner could be superior to traditional measurements. However, the terrestrial laser scanner still not widely used to survey building horizontal deformations using high precision measurements. The main aim of this work is to determine the suitability to measure deflections of buildings from the vertical using terrestrial laser scanners and to investigate point cloud data processing. Measurements of horizontal deformation were carried out using the over ground laser scanner and electronic total station. Horizontal deformations of chimneys of thermal power plants were investigated using corresponding methods. Deformation indicators and evaluated measurement accuracies between different methods were compared. Data analysis of terrestrial laser scanning is more complex, time consuming and requires sophisticated hardware resources in comparison with the traditional methods, however results are much more detailed and informative.

scholarly journals The TLS technique as a way of identification and measurement of damaged elements of a historic sacral building

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 08007
Author(s):  
Joanna A. Pawłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Building Trade ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Cloud Of Points ◽  
Advanced Computer

3D terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a modern measurement technique which enables to obtain a large amount of data in short time. The gathered data is very detailed, thus the scope of its use is vast. Therefore scanners other measurement devices which results in considerable acceleration of stock-taking work. This approach enables to prepare a documentation of a building or to make an assessment of its technical condition using only a 3D cloud of points. Additionally, flexibility of data and advanced computer programmes make it possible to use such data in many sectors, not only in the building trade. The paper shows the issue of using a 3D terrestrial laser scanner ant the TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) technique for identification and measurement of damaged elements on the example of a historical sacral building.

High Resolution 3D modelling of Cylinder shape bodies applied to 1000 ancient BC columns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Casula ◽  
Silvana Fais ◽  
Francesco Cuccuru ◽  
Maria Giovanna Bianchi ◽  
Paola Ligas
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Non Destructive

<p>A multi-technique high resolution 3D modelling is described here aimed at the investigation of the state of conservation of carbonate columns of the 1000 BC ancient church of Buon Camino located in the homonymous district of the town of Cagliari (Italy).</p><p>The integrated application of different Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) diagnostic methods is of paramount importance to locate damaged parts of the building material of artefacts of historical buildings and to plan their restoration.</p><p>In this study a multi-step procedure was applied starting with a high resolution 3D modelling performed with the aid of Structure from Motion (SfM) Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) methodologies. For this delicate task we operated simultaneously a Nikon D-5300 digital Reflex 24.2 Mega pixel Camera and a Leica HDS-6200 Terrestrial Laser Scanner. Subsequently, starting from the information detected with the above methods deeper material diagnostics was performed by means of high resolution 3D ultrasonic tomography aimed at the capillary definition of the elastic properties in the inner parts of the building materials. Measurements of longitudinal wave velocity from ultrasonic data were performed using the transmission method, namely two piezoelectric transducers coupled on the opposite sides of the investigated columns. The ultrasonic data acquisition was planned designing an optimal survey and providing a very good spatial coverage of the investigated columns. The columns were then criss-crossed by a large number of ray paths forming a dense 3D net. The SIRT (Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Tomography) algorithm was used to produce the 3D rendering of the velocity distribution inside the investigated columns. With this method the damaged parts were located and it was possible to distinguish them from the unaltered areas. The information on the superficial material conditions obtained by SfM and TLS techniques were compared and integrated with the information of the inner materials obtained by 3D ultrasonic tomography.</p><p>The results of the above non invasive geophysical techniques have been interpreted in the light of the different textural and petrophysical features of the study carbonate building materials. The study of the main textural features, such as the relationship between bioclasts, carbonate matrix, or that of the cement and petrophysical characteristics such as the nature and distribution of porosity were found to be of fundamental importance in the interpretation of the geophysical data (e.g. TLS reflectance and longitudinal acoustic wave propagation). Therefore a detailed analysis of the textures and pore microstructure were carried out from petrographic thin-sections in Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (OM/SEM). The final result of our multi-step-technique integrated methodology is a sophisticated 3D model with a high resolution 3D image representing the internal and external parts of the investigated columns in order to account for their static load resistance and possibly plan their conservation and restoration. The described procedure can also be applied to other cases in which a diagnosis is needed of the state of conservation of the variously shaped, layered-stones and composed artefacts typical of ancient historical buildings.</p><p>Key words: 3D Modelling, 3D Ultrasonic Tomography, Terrestrial Laser Scanner, SfM Photogrammetry, Non-Destructive Testing, Diagnostic, Ancient Columns, Stones</p>

scholarly journals Brief communication "Application of mobile laser scanning in snow cover profiling"

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaasalainen ◽  
H. Kaartinen ◽  
A. Kukko ◽  
K. Anttila ◽  
A. Krooks
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Geodetic Institute ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Mobile Mapping System

Abstract. We present a snowmobile-based mobile mapping system and its first application to snow cover roughness and change detection measurement. The ROAMER mobile mapping system, constructed at the Finnish Geodetic Institute, consists of the positioning and navigating systems, a terrestrial laser scanner, and the carrying platform (a snowmobile sledge in this application). We demonstrate the applicability of the instrument to snow cover roughness profiling and change detection by presenting preliminary results from a mobile laser scanning (MLS) campaign. The results show the potential of MLS for fast and efficient snow profiling from large areas in a millimetre scale.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF REFLECTANCE FOR BUILDING MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION WITH TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER RADIATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-198
Author(s):  
Domenica Costantino ◽  
Massimiliano Pepe ◽  
Maria Giuseppa Angelini
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Phase Measurement ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Oblique Position ◽  
Reflectance Analysis

The main purpose of this work is the evaluation of the potential of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology to perform a reflectance analysis of scanned objects. A laser beam, having a coherent beam in the field of visible light (wavelength between 532nm and 680 nm), can lead to optical diffraction phenomena that allow a correlation between the degree of crystallinity of solids (in particular dispersed crystalline materials) and its reflectivity. Different materials with known crystallinity values have been examined and the diffraction value has been analysed for two types of lasers, one pulsed and the other phase measurement, with two different acquisition conditions (nadiral and oblique position). The results demonstrated the correlation by verifying that the incident laser light beam is more refracted by materials with a higher degree of crystallinity than less crystalline or amorphous materials.

scholarly journals Remote sensing of Carpathian flysch landslides with the use of terrestrial laser scanner

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Janusz P. Kogut ◽  
Ievgen Tymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Carpathian Flysch

Terrestrial laser scanning helps us to detect unstable subsurface behaviour, assessing the slope stability and potential landslide failure modes. If the slopes are regularly observed, the risk of slope movement and subsequent consequences may be considerably reduced. This allows for optimum land use conditions that are economically justified. Landslides in the Carpathian flysch have a peculiar susceptibility to activation due to the region’s geological structure. This work addresses the problem of monitoring and analysing the effects of landslides associated with the operation of routes (roads and railway lines) running through the slopes of the Carpathian flysch. The terrestrial laser scanner enables site remote sensing in a simple and automated manner. Regular measurements with multiple scanner positions may be used for long term slope monitoring. A detailed geological structural model allows for risk assessment with regards to failure modes, and it allows for a slope stability assessment. The model, along with the substrate parameters, introduced into the Finite Element Analysis package enables an analysis of the effects of landslide susceptibility and the displacements of the terrain surface in time, as well as due to different loading cases.

scholarly journals How Much of a Historic Town Can Be Mapped by a Terrestrial Laser Scanner within a Working Day? - A Single Touch Workflow

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Christoph Fürst ◽  
Nikolaus Studnicka ◽  
Martin Pfennigbauer
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Single Operator ◽  
Working Day ◽  
The One ◽  
3D Information

Downtown Vienna with its world-famous cultural sites and architectural features is most definitely worth conservation. One way to archive at least a digital 3D imprint is laser scanning. While urban mapping with airborne or mobile laser scanning is fast and efficient, the resulting point clouds might not have the required resolution or might experience gaps due to shadowing. Terrestrial laser scanning has the potential to overcome these limitations. However, it has long been considered time-consuming and labour-intensive both while capturing and also while processing the data.In order to challenge this, we performed a field test with the new RIEGL VZ-400i terrestrial laser scanner. For eight hours, in the night from 2nd to 3rd of June 2016, one single operator employed the instrument throughout the city center of Vienna. He managed to take 514 high-resolution laser scans with approximately 9m between the scan positions.The data acquired in the course of this test impressively demonstrates the potential of state-of-the-art terrestrial laser scanning to preserve detailed 3D-information of urban environments within limited amount of time. This paper describes the complete workflow from the one touch operation in the field up to the automatic registration process of the collected laser scans.     

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document