scholarly journals The role of mathematical models and scoring systems in detecting dysgerminoma in a young patient

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 675-675
Author(s):  
Nabil Abdalla ◽  
Joanna Winiarek ◽  
Agnieszka Timorek ◽  
Wlodzimierz Sawicki ◽  
Krzysztof Cendrowski
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Young Patient ◽  
Scoring Systems

Pieces of Mind

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Many people accept that chimpanzees, dolphins, and some other animals can think and feel. But these cases are just the tip of a growing iceberg. If biologists are right, fruit flies and plants make decisions, worms and honeybees can be trained, bacteria communicate linguistically, and neurons have preferences. Just how far does cognition go? This book is the first to critically consider this question from the perspective of the entire range of new ascriptions of psychological capacities throughout biology. It is also the first to consider the role of mathematical models and other quantitative forms of evidence in prompting and supporting the new ascriptions. It defends a default literal interpretation of psychological terms across biological domains. It also considers the implications of the literal view for efforts to explain the mind’s place in nature and for traditional ways of distinguishing the superior moral status of humans relative to other living beings.

scholarly journals Simple mathematical models for controlling COVID-19 transmission through social distancing and community awareness

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Elgazzar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Small World ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
And Control

Abstract The novel COVID-19 pandemic is a current, major global health threat. Up till now, there is no fully approved pharmacological treatment or a vaccine. Also, its origin is still mysterious. In this study, simple mathematical models were employed to examine the dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19 taking into consideration social distancing and community awareness. Both situations of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous population were considered. Based on the calculations, a sufficient degree of social distancing based on its reproductive ratio is found to be effective in controlling COVID-19, even in the absence of a vaccine. With a vaccine, social distancing minimizes the sufficient vaccination rate to control the disease. Community awareness also has a great impact in eradicating the virus transmission. The model is simulated on small-world networks and the role of social distancing in controlling the infection is explained.

INFORMED CONSENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-374
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. SILVERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Young Patient ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Infants And Young Children

THE special position of infants and young children as subjects in therapeutic and non-therapeutic investigations is highlighted by recently renewed emphasis on the need to obtain formal consent, when (in the words of a National Institutes of Health memorandum) "procedures deviate from accepted medical practice." Who should act for the very young patient by giving consent based on informed understanding? Most codes for investigators specify that consent may be given only by parents or guardians. In these circumstances parents and guardians are forced into the role of arbiters required to make exceptionally difficult judgments in situations which increase in complexity each day that our knowledge increases.

scholarly journals Intracellular coupling modulates biflagellar synchrony

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (174) ◽  
pp. 20200660
Author(s):  
Hanliang Guo ◽  
Yi Man ◽  
Kirsty Y. Wan ◽  
Eva Kanso
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Slip Mode ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Hydrodynamic Coupling ◽  
Dimensionless Ratio ◽  
The Individual

Beating flagella exhibit a variety of synchronization modes. This synchrony has long been attributed to hydrodynamic coupling between the flagella. However, recent work with flagellated algae indicates that a mechanism internal to the cell, through the contractile fibres connecting the flagella basal bodies, must be at play to actively modulate flagellar synchrony. Exactly how basal coupling mediates flagellar coordination remains unclear. Here, we examine the role of basal coupling in the synchronization of the model biflagellate Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a series of mathematical models of decreasing levels of complexity. We report that basal coupling is sufficient to achieve inphase, antiphase and bistable synchrony, even in the absence of hydrodynamic coupling and flagellar compliance. These modes can be reached by modulating the activity level of the individual flagella or the strength of the basal coupling. We observe a slip mode when allowing for differential flagellar activity, just as in experiments with live cells. We introduce a dimensionless ratio of flagellar activity to basal coupling that is predictive of the mode of synchrony. This ratio allows us to query biological parameters which are not yet directly measurable experimentally. Our work shows a concrete route for cells to actively control the synchronization of their flagella.

Mathematical Modeling of Supply Chain Management Systems

2010 ◽  
pp. 344-357
Author(s):  
N. Anbazhagan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chain Management System

Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the practice of coordinating the flow of goods, services, information and finances as they move from raw materials to parts supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Different supply chains have been designed for a variety of firms and this chapter discusses some issues in this regard. This chapter attempts to find why we require different supply chain for different companies. In this chapter we discuss the role of stochastic models in supply chain management system, and also discuss other mathematical models for SCM.

Migration from plastic packages into their contents. I. The role of mathematical models

1995 ◽  
Vol 350 (1694) ◽  
pp. 379-406 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Diffusion Equations ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Plastic Packages

Materials contained in plastic packages can transfer (migrate) into the contents. In some circumstances, such as packages of food, drink or medicine, the consequences of this migration can be unpleasant or even harmful. Many countries, and the European Community, have adopted legal regulations designed to limit the amount of migration. It is shown, partly by discussing one example in some detail, that certain quantitative criteria in such regulations are unsatisfactory. The reasons include ( a ) improper recognition of the importance of package geometry, ( b ) invalid assumptions about a correspondence between concentrations in the contents and mass transfer per unit area of the package-contents interface and ( c ) failure to account, in an adequate manner, for the inevitable variability between nominally identical package systems. The principal theme of the paper is that these faults could have been, and can be, substantially ameliorated by proper use of mathematical models. Common shortcomings in the previous (but very limited) use of mathematics are exposed partly by detailed examination of a recent research paper. The paper discusses the requirements of a successful model and considers the simplest type, namely diffusion equations with diffusion coefficients that are independent of the concentrations of the migrant in either the plastic or the contents. Particular solutions are chosen to illustrate faults in existing legislation and practice, and because they are thought to be good candidates for testing against data. It is argued that future experiments would be more successful and more useful if they were planned and conducted in teams involving mathematicians.

Dangers of delayed diagnosis of perianal abscess and undrained perianal sepsis in Fournier’s gangrene: a case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e236503
Author(s):  
Edgardo Solis ◽  
Yi Liang ◽  
Grahame Ctercteko ◽  
James Wei Tatt Toh
Keyword(s):  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Perianal Abscess ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Fournier’S Gangrene ◽  
Necrotising Fasciitis ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Fournier's Gangrene ◽  
Perianal Sepsis

Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is a rapidly progressing infective necrotising fasciitis of the perianal, perineal and genital region. It is characterised by its aggressive nature and high mortality rates of between 15% and 50%. While it has been commonly found to primarily develop from urological sources, there have been increasing reports of the role of colorectal sources as the underlying aetiology of FG. Presented is a case series of four FG presentations at a single institution during a 12-month period as a result of underlying untreated perianal disease highlighting its dangers in progressing to a deadly infection, advocating for early and aggressive surgical debridement, and the role of adjunct scoring systems, such as Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotising Fasciitis, in guiding clinical diagnosis.

Strange Attractors and Chaos in Nonlinear Mechanics

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (4b) ◽  
pp. 1021-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Holmes ◽  
F. C. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Homoclinic Orbits ◽  
Strange Attractors ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Mechanical ◽  
Sensitive Dependence

We review several examples of nonlinear mechanical and electrical systems and related mathematical models that display chaotic dynamics or strange attractors. Some simple mathematical models — iterated piecewise linear mappings — are introduced to explain and illustrate the concepts of sensitive dependence on initial conditions and chaos. In particular, we describe the role of homoclinic orbits and the horseshoe map in the generation of chaos, and indicate how the existence of such features can be detected in specific nonlinear differential equations.

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