scholarly journals Parietal foramen: incidence and topography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Naidoo ◽  
J. S. Luckrajh ◽  
L. Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Foramen

scholarly journals Tylosaurus kansasensis, a new species of tylosaurine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas, USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Everhart
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Parietal Foramen ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Basal Position

AbstractTylosaurus kansasensis sp. nov. is described herein on the basis of thirteen specimens collected from the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Coniacian) of western Kansas, USA. The new species, originally designated Tylosaurus n. sp., co-occurred with T. nepaeolicus and exhibits a number of primitive characters that place it in a basal position in the mosasaur phylogeny. Among the key differences separating this species from other tylosaurines are a shortened, more rounded pre-dental process of the premaxilla, a distinctive quadrate lacking an infrastapedial process, and a parietal foramen located adjacent to the frontal-parietal suture.

The Paleobiogeographical Effects of the Parietal Foramen on Mosasaurs

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 21-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy M. Connolly ◽  
Larry D. Martin ◽  
Stephen T. Hasiotis
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Foramen

scholarly journals Association between Foramen Size and Febrile Seizure Status in the Pediatric Population: A Two-Center Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 430-435
Author(s):  
Peyton Presto ◽  
Preston D’Souza ◽  
Avery Kopacz ◽  
Keith A. Hanson ◽  
Laszlo Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Brain Cooling ◽  
Emissary Vein ◽  
Parietal Foramen

Abstract Objective Febrile seizures have been shown to occur in 2 to 5% of children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years, making them the most common seizures of childhood. Multiple risk factors for febrile seizures have been identified; however, no investigation has been conducted to explore foramen size and associated venous drainage as a potential risk factor for experiencing febrile seizures. Of particular interest are the parietal foramen and the condylar canal, which conduct the parietal emissary vein and the occipital emissary vein, respectively. Emissary veins lack valves, allowing them to play a crucial role in selective brain cooling via a bidirectional flow of blood from the head’s evaporating surface. Narrowed cranial apertures conducting these veins may lead to reduced cerebral venous outflow and delayed brain cooling, creating favorable conditions for a febrile event. This study seeks to explore the association between cranial aperture area and febrile seizure status. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional medical record review study from January 2011 to December 2017 was conducted at a 500-bed academic hospital and a 977-bed private hospital in Lubbock, Texas, United States. A total of 101 complex febrile seizure patients were compared with a similarly aged group of 75 trauma patients representing the normal population. Parietal foramen area and condylar canal area were electronically measured and defined as having “normal” or “below normal” area. Statistical Analysis Independent t-tests were used to compare foramen and canal areas by febrile seizure status. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of small cranial aperture area with febrile seizure status. Results Below normal parietal foramen area had a strong association with febrile seizures in our patient population. Male sex, white race, and complete vaccination status were also found to have significant associations with febrile seizure status. Conclusion Our findings indicated that narrowed parietal foramen may be considered as a risk factor for febrile seizure development.

scholarly journals A new Late Cretaceous iguanomorph from North America and the origin of New World Pleurodonta (Squamata, Iguania)

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1847) ◽  
pp. 20161902 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. DeMar ◽  
Jack L. Conrad ◽  
Jason J. Head ◽  
David J. Varricchio ◽  
Gregory P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New World ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Parietal Foramen

Iguanomorpha (stem + crown Iguania) is a diverse squamate clade with members that predominate many modern American lizard ecosystems. However, the temporal and palaeobiogeographic origins of its constituent crown clades (e.g. Pleurodonta (basilisks, iguanas, and their relatives)) are poorly constrained, mainly due to a meagre Mesozoic-age fossil record. Here, we report on two nearly complete skeletons from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of North America that represent a new and relatively large-bodied and possibly herbivorous iguanomorph that inhabited a semi-arid environment. The new taxon exhibits a mosaic of anatomical features traditionally used in diagnosing Iguania and non-iguanian squamates (i.e. Scleroglossa; e.g. parietal foramen at the frontoparietal suture, astragalocalcaneal notch in the tibia, respectively). Our cladistic analysis of Squamata revealed a phylogenetic link between Campanian-age North American and East Asian stem iguanomorphs (i.e. the new taxon + Temujiniidae). These results and our evaluation of the squamate fossil record suggest that crown pleurodontans were restricted to the low-latitude Neotropics prior to their early Palaeogene first appearances in the mid-latitudes of North America.

Revision of the aïstopod genus Phlegethontia (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli)

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Pectoral Girdle ◽  
Parietal Foramen ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mazon Creek ◽  
Related Feature ◽  
Cranial Kinesis ◽  
Potential Mobility ◽  
Sagittal Crest

The aïstopod family Phlegethontiidae is restudied based on new specimens from Pit 11 of Mazon Creek, Illinois, and the coal shales of Nýřany, Czech Republic, as well as most available specimens from North America. Phlegethontiids have highly fenestrate skulls, with orbits placed just anterior their skull's mid point. Dermal skull bones are greatly reduced in number and limited in extent, whereas the endochondral braincase is hyperossified. The frontals are fused medially and enclose the parietal foramen and anterior sagittal crest. As in most other aïstopods, the quadrate, pterygoid, and epipterygoid are fused into a composite bone, the palatoquadrate complex. Details of cranial anatomy contradict a previous model of cranial kinesis by severely limiting the skull's potential mobility. Remnants of the pectoral girdle are present, perhaps due to the presence of an operculum–opercularis-like connection to the stapes. No remnants of the pelvis are present.Three species are recognised within the family. Phlegethontia linearis has short anterior vertebrae, high neural spines on at least the anterior four vertebrae, and vertebrae number between 230–250 in total. Phlegethontia longissima has low neural spines throughout the column, anterior vertebrae that are twice as long as P. linearis, and only 200–210 total vertebrae. Sillerpeton permianum, known from a single braincase and an unassociated string of vertebrae, is distinguished from Phlegethontia by the retention of a separate foramen for the passage of the occulomotor nerve. Phlegethontia “phanerhalpa” is a tiny braincase fragment that differs from the other species of Phlegethontia only in the placement of the jugular foramen relative to the centre of the foramen magnum. This is probably a size-related feature, and P. “phanerhalpa” is considered a nomen dubium.

Scalp to Meningeal Arterial Anastomosis in the Parietal Foramen

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. ONS-123-ONS-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Yoshioka ◽  
Albert L. Rhoton ◽  
Hiroshi Abe
Keyword(s):  
Middle Meningeal Artery ◽  
Occipital Artery ◽  
Parietal Foramen ◽  
Meningeal Arteries ◽  
Arterial Anastomosis ◽  
Scalp Arteries ◽  
Meningeal Artery

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the parietal foramen and to determine whether it is the site of an anastomosis between the meningeal and scalp arteries. METHODS: Forty parietal regions from 20 adult cadavers, in which the arteries were perfused with colored latex, were examined for this study. The scalp was separated from the parietal foramen, and the vasculature in the foramen and adjacent scalp and dura were examined using ×3 magnification. The scalp arteries that anastomosed with the meningeal arteries through the parietal foramen were followed into the dura after craniotomy. RESULTS: Parietal foramen was found in 20 of the 40 (50%) parietal regions. They were present bilaterally in eight heads and unilaterally in four. Every parietal foramen transmitted an anastomosis between the middle meningeal and scalp arteries. In 11 (55%) of the 20 foramina found in this study, the superficial temporal and occipital artery formed an anastomosis in the galea and pericranial layer that sent a branch through the parietal foramen to anastomose with parietal branches of the middle meningeal artery. In the remaining nine (45%) sides, the middle meningeal artery had a connection through the foramen with a small pericranial artery. CONCLUSION: Every parietal foramen was the site of a connection between the middle meningeal and scalp arteries. The scalp end of the anastomosis most commonly arose in an anastomosis between the superficial temporal and occipital arteries. This anastomosis may be involved in several pathologies.

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