scholarly journals Diagnostic value of selected biochemical markers in the detection of recurrence of medullary thyroid cancer — comparison of calcitonin, procalcitonin, chromogranin A, and carcinoembryonic antigen

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosma Woliński ◽  
Jarosław Kaznowski ◽  
Aleksandra Klimowicz ◽  
Adam Maciejewski ◽  
Dagny Łapińska-Cwojdzińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Medullary Thyroid

scholarly journals PROX1 Promotes Secretory Granule Formation in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 1289-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ishii ◽  
Takuya Yazawa ◽  
Tomohiro Chiba ◽  
Yukiko Shishido-Hara ◽  
Yuu Arimasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Secretory Granule ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cells

Abstract Mechanisms of endocrine secretory granule (SG) formation in thyroid C cells and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) cells have not been fully elucidated. Here we directly demonstrated that PROX1, a developmental homeobox gene, is transcriptionally involved in SG formation in MTC, which is derived from C cells. Analyses using gene expression databases on web sites revealed that, among thyroid cancer cells, MTC cells specifically and highly express PROX1 as well as several SG-forming molecule genes. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that in vivo MTC and C cells expressed PROX1, although follicular thyroid cancer and papillary thyroid cancer cells, normal follicular cells did not. Knockdown of PROX1 in an MTC cells reduced SGs detected by electron microscopy, and decreased expression of SG-related genes (chromogranin A, chromogranin B, secretogranin II, secretogranin III, synaptophysin, and carboxypeptidase E). Conversely, the introduction of a PROX1 transgene into a papillary thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer cells induced the expression of SG-related genes. Reporter assays using the promoter sequence of chromogranin A showed that PROX1 activates the chromogranin A gene in addition to the known regulatory mechanisms, which are mediated via the cAMP response element binding protein and the repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assays demonstrated that PROX1 binds to the transcriptional regulatory element of the chromogranin A gene. In conclusion, PROX1 is an important regulator of endocrine SG formation in MTC cells.

scholarly journals Biochemical Markers in the Follow-up of Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Willem B. de Groot ◽  
Ido P. Kema ◽  
Henk Breukelman ◽  
Eveline van der Veer ◽  
Theo Wiggers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Medullary Thyroid

Improved detection of medullary thyroid cancer with radiolabeled antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen.

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Juweid ◽  
R M Sharkey ◽  
T Behr ◽  
L C Swayne ◽  
A D Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
Occult Disease ◽  
Iodine 131 ◽  
Iodine 123 ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

PURPOSE This investigation was undertaken to assess the targeting of established and occult medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six assessable patients with known (n = 17) or occult (n = 9) MTC were studied with radiolabeled anti-CEA MAbs. Scintigraphic images were collected to determine targeting of tumor lesions. RESULTS The targeting results of technetium 99m (99mTc)-,iodine 123 (123I)-, and iodine 131 (131I)-labeled anti-CEA antibodies (all directed against the same epitope of CEA) indicated that all these reagents were capable of detecting established and occult MTC. The sensitivity for detection of known sites of disease ranged from 76% to 100% for the various anti-CEA MAbs used, when compared with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scan, or other imaging modalities. Moreover, the antibody scan was positive in seven of nine patients with occult disease (patients with negative conventional imaging studies, but who had elevated calcitonin and/or CEA levels). Three of seven patients underwent surgery and the disease was confirmed by histopathology in all three. CONCLUSION Anti-CEA MAbs are excellent agents for imaging recurrent, residual, or metastatic MTC. The high lesion sensitivity in patients with known lesions, combined with the ability to detect disease, may make these agents ideal for staging patients, monitoring disease pretherapy or posttherapy, and especially for evaluating patients with recurrent or persistent hypercalcitonemia or CEA elevations after primary surgery. Analogous to radioiodine in the evaluation of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, radiolabeled anti-CEA MAbs may achieve a similar role in diagnosing and monitoring patients with MTC.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN PREDICTING RECURRENCE OR DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH MEDULAR THYROID CANCER

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleh Duda ◽  
◽  
Nina Boyko ◽  
Roman Slipetsky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Modern Problem ◽  
Vimentin Expression ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Medullary Thyroid

Introduction. Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) belongs to a class of rare neuroendocrine aggressive tumors and arises from parafollicular cells (C-cells). An important modern problem is the development of ways to predict the recurrence of this disease. The aim of the study is to determine the role of immunohistochemical tumor markers of medullary thyroid cancer in predicting recurrence or death. Materials and methods. The analysis of the prospective study included 22 patients with MTC, 5 of whom have developed a recurrence and 4 have died at the end of the 10-year (120 months) follow-up period. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using monoclonal antibodies of tumor markers calcitonin, chromogranin A, vimentin and Ki-67. Results. The discrepancy between the data of histological and immunohistochemical examinations in MTC is 12.0%, which indicates the hyperdiagnosis of this nosology and argues the importance of performing immunohistochemical examinations to verify the diagnosis. Patients who had a recurrence of MTC had significantly (p <0.05) lower levels of calcitonin expression (5.00 [5.00; 5.00] points) compared with patients who did not relapse, where this figure was 6.00 [6.00; 7.00] points. In patients with MTC, an increase in calcitonin expression was significantly associated with an increase in chromogranin A expression (r = + 0.49, p = 0.02); a similar relationship was found for the proportions of immunopositive cells of these tumor markers: r = + 0.68, p = 0.001. At the same time, it was found that the increase in the level of calcitonin expression was apparently combined with the decrease in the level of Ki-67 expression (r = -0.52, p = 0.02). It was also found that the increase in the level of vimentin expression is combined with an increase in the expression (r = + 0.64, p = 0.001) and the proportion of immunopositive cells of chromogranin A (r = + 0.45, p = 0.038). Conclusions. Low levels of calcitonin expression are prognostically unfavorable markers for the recurrence of MTC. Specific tumor markers are important in the treatment process and for the dynamic monitoring of patients with MTC.

scholarly journals Lymph Node Metastases of Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Role of Calcitonin in the Washout Fluid of Fine-Needle Aspiration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bernardo Marques ◽  
Nuno Cunha ◽  
Raquel G. Martins ◽  
Ana Rita Elvas ◽  
Joana Couto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Ct Measurement

Introduction. The diagnostic value of calcitonin (CT) measurement in fine-needle aspirate washout (FNA-CT) for medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) lymph node (LN) metastases remains to be determined. It may increase the diagnostic sensitivity, but data on this subject is sparse. Objective. Our study aimed to evaluate the utility of FNA-CT in the diagnosis of LN metastases of MTC. Methods. We retrospectively investigated, in our institutional database, 69 consecutive FNA LN cytology from 42 patients who underwent FNA cytology and CT measurement in needle washout for suspicious LN between 2012 and 2017. Results. From the total of 69 FNA, 30 (43.4%) were performed in patients with personal history of MTC. MTC was detected in 19 FNA cytology (27.5%), and CT was detectable in needle washout in 23 cases (median = 2014 pg/mL; interquartile range = 490–15111 pg/mL). Based on the combined results of FNA-CT and FNA cytology, LN surgical resection was performed in 33 cases (47.8%). Histology reported MTC LN metastases in 21 lesions (63.6%). Regarding the diagnosis of MTC LN metastases, FNA cytology showed sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 97.9%, and FNA-CT demonstrated sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.9%. We determined through ROC analysis an optimal FNA-CT cut-off value of 23 pg/mL for the diagnosis of LN metastases (sensitivity 100%; specificity 100%). Conclusions. FNA-CT may be a valuable diagnostic tool for detection of MTC LN metastases, along with FNA cytology, and it should be included in the clinical workup of neck adenopathies in patients with MTC or with thyroid nodules.

scholarly journals Carcinoembryonic antigen should be concurrently checked with calcitonin to identify distant metastases in medullary thyroid cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. IJE27
Author(s):  
Rui Zheng-Pywell ◽  
Anish Jacob Cherian ◽  
Macie Enman ◽  
Herbert Chen ◽  
Deepak Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Serum Calcitonin ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Additional Imaging

Aim: This study investigates if serum calcitonin or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels can differentiate between locoregional and metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. Methods: A single institution retrospective analysis was performed on 88 patients with medullary thyroid cancer between 2008 and 2014. Results: In M0disease, calcitonin (p < 0.001) and CEA (p = 0.003) significantly decreased postoperatively. Not only was the correlation significant between calcitonin and CEA preoperatively (r = 0.72; p < 0.001) and postoperatively (r = 0.68; p < 0.001), calcitonin could extrapolate CEA levels (p < 0.001). These findings were statistically insignificant in metastatic disease. Conclusion: Independently, calcitonin and CEA fail to differentiate between locoregional and metastatic disease. Both are essential for prognostication: loss of concordance is suspicious for metastatic disease. Hence, discordant CEA and calcitonin levels should be an indication to pursue additional imaging.

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