scholarly journals A decade of whale watching in an important tourist desitination in the Pacific coast of Colombia: Challenges for proper management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Avila ◽  
Luis Fernando Ortega ◽  
Cristina Pretel ◽  
Gustavo Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local People ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Whale Watching ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Ticket Prices ◽  
And Control

Uramba Bahía Málaga Natural National Park is one of the most important places visited by tourists to see humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Colombia. Humpback whales arrive from Southern Chile and the Antarctic Peninsula every year between May and December to reproduce, give birth and rear calves. To evaluate the current state of whale-watching in Málaga we analyzed tourist visitation data from 2011 to 2019 during the peak whale-watching season (July–October), and during one week in October 2020. We found that whale-watching activity has increased considerably. In 2019, 21,186 tourists realized whale watching in Málaga. Whale watchers per month increased by 108% and monthly whale-watching boat trips increased by 140%, in the last decade. Currently there are in average 19 boat trips per day (±18.0), and most boats are small (≤15 m). Tourists came mainly from Colombia (90%). August was the most important month for whale watching. Although environmental education activities are undertaken, currently responsible whale-watching guidelines are overlooked. At present, whale-watching activity produces important economic benefits for local people and neighboring sites, with a monthly expenditure of at least $362,409 USD, but to ensure the sustainable continuity of this activity, negative impacts on whales need to be minimized. We classified management challenges into social, economic and biological aspects. From a social perspective, operators should form a whale-watching community association; this would improve cooperation amongst operators, promote good practices in whale-watching and reduce pressure on whales. Economic recommendations include 1) whale-watching trips handled mainly by local people; 2) ticket prices unification; and 3) investment in tourist facilities. Biological recommendations focus on the welfare of whales and include: 1) follow the current whalewatching recommendations strictly; 2) reduce transit speeds to below 10 knots in the area during whale season; 3) use propeller guards; 4) promote land-based whale watching; 5) implement acoustic whale tourism; 6) reinforce environmental education programs; and 7) support long-term monitoring and scientific research. Based on these three aspects, we urge environmental and ethnic authorities, conferring with relevant stakeholders, to determine the whale-watching carrying capacity of the area and to promote a responsible tourism. Authorities need to strengthen the monitoring, oversight and control of this growing tourist activity in order to ensure its long-term persistence.

scholarly journals A New Look at the Classification of Non-current Tangible Assets During a Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Alla Hnatiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Enterprise Management System ◽  
And Control

Annotation. Introduction. Creation of an efficient property management system is one of the main problems for the enterprise management system. The effectiveness of such a system is directly determined by the quality of information used for management. Among the tasks, which an economic entity faces, a special place is occupied by the classification of objects of accounting. Financial and tax indicators depend on its solution at a particular enterprise. In order to properly organize the economic activity of an enterprise, it is needed to know what funds it has and in what these funds are invested (placed). Therefore, the division of enterprise resources into separate groups is necessary to understand and summarize the accounting information used for financial statements. Purpose. To ensure the usefulness of information on the availability of non-current tangible assets, which is provided to users in the way of classification, the article defines the qualitative characteristics of the classification of non-current tangible assets (relevance, objectivity, reliability, content, comparison) and studies their essence. Results. The research suggests a critical assessment of existing approaches to the criteria for grouping non-current tangible assets in order to define differences between them. This has made it possible to clarify the content of the criteria for recognizing non-current tangible assets as assets of the enterprise (criteria of economic benefit, value reliability, and control). This clarification deepens the understanding of the nature of non-current tangible assets as objects of accounting. Conclusions. The research has investigated the classification of non-current tangible assets from the normative-legal and scientific points of view. It has summarized the criteria applied in accordance with domestic and foreign legislation for the classification of non-current tangible assets. The research has substantiated the importance of improving the existing classification of such assets for accounting purposes. The research has also improved classification of non-current tangible assets according to the following criteria: the ability to bring economic benefits (long-term, immature) and the method of use in the production process (consumed, fruitful), which will significantly improve the structuring of enterprise assets. Keywords: classification; resources; criteria; non-current tangible assets; fixed assets; long-term biological assets.

scholarly journals Developing a Management Strategy for Little Cherry Disease: The Case of Washington State

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2184-2190
Author(s):  
Suzette P. Galinato ◽  
R. Karina Gallardo ◽  
Elizabeth H. Beers ◽  
Andrea J. Bixby-Brosi
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Negative Impacts

Little cherry disease (LCD) threatens the long-term economic sustainability of the Pacific Northwest sweet cherry (Prunus avium) industry. Results from a series of partial budget analyses indicate that additional investments in monitoring, testing, spraying to control for insect vectors, and removing infected trees are lower than the reduced profit losses compared with the do-nothing scenario. Also, management can prevent or lessen the negative impacts of higher little cherry virus (Velarivirus little cherry virus 1, Ampelovirus little cherry virus 2) spread rates. Our findings illustrate the importance of prevention, correct identification, and controlling for insect vectors in preventing the dissemination of LCD, for which the only known treatment is tree removal.

scholarly journals Tourist Knowledge, Pro-Conservation Intentions, and Tourist Concern for the Impacts of Whale-Watching in Las Perlas Archipelago, Panama

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Cárdenas ◽  
María Virginia Gabela-Flores ◽  
Arielle Amrein ◽  
Katie Surrey ◽  
Leah R. Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Whale Watching ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
Conservation Attitudes ◽  
Conservation Awareness ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Excessive Number

Whale watching has become an important economic activity for many coastal areas where whales aggregate at certain times of year. Las Perlas Archipelago in Panama is a breeding ground for humpback whales, where the numbers of both visitors and tour operators have increased in recent years with little compliance and enforcement of regulations. Nevertheless, there is potential to improve whale-watching management at this site and its use as a tool for education and conservation awareness. Our objective was to assess tourist knowledge, perceptions and pro-conservation attitudes related to whale watching and how this activity is managed in Las Perlas. One hundred and eleven tourists were surveyed in the summer of 2019 after they participated in whale−watching tours. Overall, respondents had little knowledge about whales and their conservation before a whale-watching trip. However, after the excursion, tourists felt they had learned more about whale biology and the regulations for whale-watching. Trip satisfaction after whale-watching activities was higher when whale behaviors, including breaching and tail slaps, were observed. Respondents expressed low satisfaction when there was an excessive number of boats around a whale-sighting. Concern for lack of compliance seemed to be associated with whale-watching operations that onboard tour guides. This study highlights the importance of whale watching as a tool for promoting whale conservation through education and the need to improve the enforcement of existing regulations and visitor monitoring to reduce potential negative impacts of whale-watching.

Tourism in the West of Ireland: Solution to Economic Collapse or Part of the Problem?

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Adam Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Local People ◽  
The West ◽  
Celtic Tiger ◽  
Economic Collapse ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
West Of Ireland

Those of us who study the impacts of tourism have Valene Smith (1977) to thank for being among the first to ask the questions that we all ask on a regular basis when thinking about our research: What impacts does tourism have on local people? How does tourism potentially commodify cultures, traditions and beliefs? Can a balance be struck between the economic benefits of tourism and its negative impacts? In this article, I apply these classic lines of inquiry to the causes and effects of the recent economic crash in Ireland. I focus on two case studies in particular to illustrate the role that tourism played in creating the dramatic economic boom called the Celtic Tiger of the 1990s and 2000s and its subsequent role in the equally dramatic collapse of the Irish economy since 2007. The tourism industry is a disappointingly perfect microcosm of the widespread corruption, greed, and wild overspending that occurred during the Celtic Tiger era. Still, tourism is so integrated into socioeconomic lives of people in the west of Ireland that it must also play a key role in a recovery from the crisis over the coming years.

FILMMAKING, AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOURISM IMAGINARIES: PUTTING THE WOW INTO SUSTAINABLE WHALE WATCHING

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whale Watching ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Affective Communication ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Detrimental Impact

The advent of filmmaking provided a means for affective communication, whereby what was real and what was filmed became conflated, helping to create tourism imaginaries that, in turn, drove tourism. However, increased tourism created negative impacts, especially for charismatic subjects like whales that elicit strong emotional responses of connectedness in viewers. In the whale watching industry, getting too close to whales to satisfy visitor expectations has a major detrimental impact. Here, we test whether the very characteristics of film that have helped create the problem, might be used to fix the problem by re-creating tourism imaginaries and changing visitor expectations. We produced a video about sustainable whale watching using a formula designed specifically to enhance its affective and emotional qualities. Survey respondents were randomly assigned to Test and Control Groups, and shown the video either before or after recording their likelihood of going whale watching in the future. Those in both groups that were “Likely” or “Very Likely” to go whale watching, identified affective qualities of the video nearly identically. Elements of the video associated with affective communication (imagery of whales in their natural environment and authentic reactions of tourists seeing whales) were most liked equally by Test and Control Group subjects. However, significantly less of the Test Group found the imagery of close encounters between whales and humans to be their favorite aspect of the video, while significantly more of them noted that the clarity of the message or the way it was told (editing) were their most liked aspects. In sum, the affective features of filmmaking that influence tourism imaginaries, also offer the potential to thwart the negative effects of tourism by invoking changes in attitudinal and behavioral intentions that should lead to more sustainable tourism practices.

scholarly journals Sustainability in human resource management

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Magdalena Stefańska
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Organisational Effectiveness ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
And Control

The concept of sustainability is referred to the basic functions of human resources (HR)— recruitment, motivation, assessment and control. They should embrace sustainability, not just for organisational effectiveness and long-term economic benefits, but also for ethical reasons. Owing to SHRM, the awareness and behaviour of the whole organisation may strongly express SD goals in planning and implementing the whole corporate strategy. Frequently, the term ‘sustainable practices’ in SHRM is congruent with CSR. The main goal of the chapter is to explain how Sustainable Development Goals can be implemented in human resource management (HRM) and translated into sustainable human resource management (SHRM).

scholarly journals Pets and pests: a review of the contrasting economics and fortunes of dingoes and domestic dogs in Australia, and a proposed new funding scheme for non-lethal dingo management

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Brink ◽  
Brad V. Purcell ◽  
Mike Letnic ◽  
Hugh S. Webster ◽  
Robert G. Appleby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Carnivore Conservation ◽  
Dual Response ◽  
Feral Dogs ◽  
Lethal Management ◽  
Negative Impacts

Carnivore conservation and management is complex and expensive, and significant ongoing management costs may inhibit the development of new tools and any subsequent transition away from lethal control. We review and compare the economic costs and benefits of dingoes and domestic dogs in Australia and suggest that public affinity for domestic dogs may be co-opted into yielding more positive management outcomes for dingoes. Whereas Australians spend over AU$10 billion annually on purchasing and maintaining 4.2 million domestic dogs, landowners and government spend at least AU$30 million attempting to limit the density and distribution of dingoes, feral dogs, and their hybrids. These contrasting investments highlight the dual response of society towards domestic and wild members of the Canis genus. We suggest that a modest conservation levy on the sale of pet dogs or dog food, or both, could secure long-term funding to support efficacious non-lethal management of dingo impacts. A modest levy could generate AU$30 million annually, funding the development of non-lethal dingo-management tools without compromising existing management practices while new tools are investigated. Ultimately, a transition away from controlling dingoes through culling or exclusion fencing, to managing the negative impacts of dingoes could result in both more successful and sustainable management outcomes of dingoes and support the ecological, cultural and economic benefits they confer as Australia’s apex predator.

scholarly journals Ecotourism for Rural Karnataka: Some Impact Assessments

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
D C Nanjunda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Negative Impacts

unique heritage, cultural and natural attractions. Karnataka has tremendous potentiality for the growth and development of ecotourism. In fact Karnataka forms a part of the global biodiversity hot spots with varieties of rural heritage, which can be used for advocating environmental awareness, long-term conservation measures and economic benefits to the local people. Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing economic sectors worldwide especially in Karnataka. Climate change and its various impacts pose a significant risk to tourism, especially in developing countries where tourism is often the single most important industry. However experts feel ecotourism also causes a kind of atrocity on the bio diversity. Through this article the author is analyzing both positive and negative impacts of ecotourism.

scholarly journals Effects of Nonnative Fishes on Commercial Seine Fisheries: Evidence from a Long-Term Data Set

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Orfinger ◽  
Quan T. Lai ◽  
Ryan M. Chabot
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Haul Seine ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Animal Consumption ◽  
Hoplosternum Littorale

Dozens of introduced exotic freshwater fish species inhabit the state of Florida. These nonnative fishes interact with freshwater commercial fisheries in a variety of ways, influencing catch abundance, composition, and revenue. Using a 22-year data set collected from a commercial haul seine fishery, we aimed to explore the dynamics of yield and revenue in relation to nonnative fishes, with emphasis on the suckermouth armored catfishes (Pterygoplichthys spp.). Using profit index metrics and the inverse Simpson’s diversity index, we found that non-native tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and brown hoplo (Hoplosternum littorale) provided economic benefits while suckermouth armored catfishes seemed to disrupt catch consistency and lower profit index values. To reduce the negative impacts of the suckermouth armored catfishes and subsequently exert pressure on their population, we suggest marketing these edible fishes for human and/or animal consumption.

scholarly journals Social Media Reveal High Rates of Agonistic Behaviors of Humpback Whales in Response to Swim-with Activities Off Reunion Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Barra ◽  
Lars Bejder ◽  
Mayeul Dalleau ◽  
Sylvain Delaspre ◽  
Anne-Emmanuelle Landes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Whale Watching ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Serious Injury

The effect of nature-based tourism on wildlife has been the focus of much attention. Studies have demonstrated how boat-based cetacean-watching tourism can cause both short-term and long-term effects on targeted populations. However, limited attention has been given to the effect of swim-with activities on humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). This study qualified whale responses to swim-with activities off Reunion Island during the 2018 humpback whales breeding season. We used both under- and above-water videos collected from social media outlets, commercial whale-watching operators, and audiovisual professionals. We documented a high rate of agonistic whale behaviors (during 42.1% of all observations; n = 164) towards swimmers within videos containing swim-with events. We documented seven agonistic behaviors including threat, attack, or defense behaviors that were predominantly exhibited by mother/calf groups (73.8%; n = 121) and by singletons (16.5%; n = 27). Pectoral shears (27.4%) and fluke thrashes (23.2%) were the most exhibited agonistic whale behaviors aimed towards swimmers, both of which pose a danger and serious injury to swimmers. During swim-with attempts whales changed their behavioral state (82.3%, n = 159) and used avoidance tactics to avoid swimmers (56.1%, n = 92). Whales exhibited a higher rate of agonistic behaviors when swim groups were active and dispersed, in contrast to when they were quiet and compact. To mitigate whale disturbance and improve swimmer safety, we recommend avoiding swimming with whale groups containing calfs. Our findings support the implementation of strong regulations and educational tools to ensure a sustainable practice of whale watching off the Reunion Island.

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