scholarly journals By-catch of franciscana Pontoporia blainvillei in Uruguayan artisanal gillnet fisheries: an evaluation after a twelve-year gap in data collection

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Franco-Trecu ◽  
P. Costa ◽  
C. Abud ◽  
C. Dimitriadis ◽  
P. Laporta ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Daniel Danilewicz ◽  
Eduardo R. Secchi ◽  
Paulo H. Ott ◽  
Ignacio B. Moreno ◽  
Manuela Bassoi ◽  
...  

The patterns of habitat use by the franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) along its distribution are poorly known. This study investigates the patterns of habitat use with respect to depth for 181 individuals of different age, size, gender and reproductive condition off Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The results reveal that franciscanas are very homogeneously distributed according to depth. Individuals from all lengths utilize nearly the entire range of depths of the surveyed area. Larger or older animals do not use deeper waters than younger animals, indicating that body size and age are not limiting factors for franciscanas that occupy deeper or offshore waters. Gestation seems to not cause a change in the distribution of females. Although the sex-ratio of the overall data did not vary from 1:1 in different depth intervals, a small-scale comparison between the northern and southern coast demonstrated the existence of some kind of sexual segregation. Franciscana by-catch in Rio Grande do Sul is not sustainable and it is agreed that management procedures are needed. Nevertheless, the available data on species distribution do not allow the designing of a protected area in order to minimize the by-catches of a particular sex/reproductive class.


2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta J. Cremer ◽  
Paulo C. Simões-Lopes

Pontoporia blainvillei (Gervais & d'Orbigny, 1844) is threatened throughout its distribution. The species can be found year-round in the Babitonga bay estuary (26º 02'-26º 28'S and 48º28'-48º50'W), in the north coast of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Boat surveys were conducted in order to evaluate its abundance and density between 2000 and 2003. Sampling was random and stratified, with 46 transects in five sub-areas, comprising a total area of 160 km². Data collection was conducted following the linear transect method with distance sampling. A total of 1174.7 km was scanned and 38 groups were observed. Franciscanas were not uniformly distributed in Babitonga bay. Group size ranged from one to 13 animals (mean ± SD = 5.02 ± 3.62). Model 1 (Half-Normal) showed the best fit to the data. The estimated population size was 50 animals and the density was 0.32 individuals km-2. Density estimates evaluated in the sub-areas where franciscanas occurred resulted in a density of 0.46 individuals km-2. Monitoring this population is of considerable importance due to the constant threats that this species faces in this bay.


1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Ward

This paper describes and compares the sea snakes caught by vessels that target tiger prawns and endeavour prawns or that target the banana prawns Penaeus merguiensis and P. indicus. In 1989-90, 5203 sea snakes (14 species; 7 unidentified specimens) were purchased from fishers who trawled between Koolan Island and Cape York and participated in a dedicated carcass-tagging and data-collection programme. Hydrophines (11 species) represented 86.7% of the total catch. Aipysurines (3 species) represented 15.0% of specimens from vessels that targeted tiger prawns or endeavour prawns, but only 1.1% of specimens from vessels that targeted the banana prawns P. merguiensis and P. indicus. Prawn trawlers that operated between Koolan Island and Cape York during 1990 caught approximately 81 080 (� 13 670) sea snakes. Vessels that targeted tiger/endeavour prawns, P. merguiensis and P. indicus caught approximately 69260 (� 8750), 7200 (� 3250) and 4620 (� 1120) sea snakes respectively. The results emphasize the advantages of interactions between fishers and scientists and the need to assess separately the impacts of the three fisheries that constitute the northern prawn fishery.


1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Aznar ◽  
J. A. Balbuena ◽  
J. A. Raga

We studied the helminth communities of franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei) to establish the relative importance of ecological and evolutionary factors in their organization. Forty-six animals obtained from by-catch in Argentinian waters from 1988 to 1990 were surveyed. The helminth communities were depauperate. Only five helminth species were detected, two of them (Hadwenius pontoporiae and Polymorphus (Polymorphus) cetaceum) accounting for about 99% of all specimens. Three species (H. pontoporiae, P. (P.) cetaceum, and Anisakis simplex) formed a recurrent group. Contrary to the stochasticity observed in other cetacean species, the helminth infracommunities were largely predictable, with little change over the years. The low vagility and coastal bottom-feeding habits of the franciscanas may account for this. The distribution of helminth species among their hosts was bimodal and colonization was nonrandom. This pattern might result from helminth specificity and tnhe specialized diet of the host. The depauperate condition of both the component community and infracommunities contrasts with general predictions for large aquatic endotherms. Comparison with franciscanas from Uruguay suggests that the helminth communities are unsaturated and have low potential for colonization. This probably shows the influence of host evolution on the helminth component community, as previously proposed for other cetacean species.


Author(s):  
S.W. Hui ◽  
D.F. Parsons

The development of the hydration stages for electron microscopes has opened up the application of electron diffraction in the study of biological membranes. Membrane specimen can now be observed without the artifacts introduced during drying, fixation and staining. The advantages of the electron diffraction technique, such as the abilities to observe small areas and thin specimens, to image and to screen impurities, to vary the camera length, and to reduce data collection time are fully utilized. Here we report our pioneering work in this area.


Author(s):  
Weiping Liu ◽  
Jennifer Fung ◽  
W.J. de Ruijter ◽  
Hans Chen ◽  
John W. Sedat ◽  
...  

Electron tomography is a technique where many projections of an object are collected from the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and are then used to reconstruct the object in its entirety, allowing internal structure to be viewed. As vital as is the 3-D structural information and with no other 3-D imaging technique to compete in its resolution range, electron tomography of amorphous structures has been exercised only sporadically over the last ten years. Its general lack of popularity can be attributed to the tediousness of the entire process starting from the data collection, image processing for reconstruction, and extending to the 3-D image analysis. We have been investing effort to automate all aspects of electron tomography. Our systems of data collection and tomographic image processing will be briefly described.To date, we have developed a second generation automated data collection system based on an SGI workstation (Fig. 1) (The previous version used a micro VAX). The computer takes full control of the microscope operations with its graphical menu driven environment. This is made possible by the direct digital recording of images using the CCD camera.


1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Long ◽  
Lesley B. Olswang ◽  
Julianne Brian ◽  
Philip S. Dale

This study investigated whether young children with specific expressive language impairment (SELI) learn to combine words according to general positional rules or specific, grammatic relation rules. The language of 20 children with SELI (4 females, 16 males, mean age of 33 months, mean MLU of 1.34) was sampled weekly for 9 weeks. Sixteen of these children also received treatment for two-word combinations (agent+action or possessor+possession). Two different metrics were used to determine the productivity of combinatorial utterances. One metric assessed productivity based on positional consistency alone; another assessed productivity based on positional and semantic consistency. Data were analyzed session-by-session as well as cumulatively. The results suggest that these children learned to combine words according to grammatic relation rules. Results of the session-by-session analysis were less informative than those of the cumulative analysis. For children with SELI ready to make the transition to multiword utterances, these findings support a cumulative method of data collection and a treatment approach that targets specific grammatic relation rules rather than general word combinations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Jennifer W. Means ◽  
Casey McCaffrey

Purpose The use of real-time recording technology for clinical instruction allows student clinicians to more easily collect data, self-reflect, and move toward independence as supervisors continue to provide continuation of supportive methods. This article discusses how the use of high-definition real-time recording, Bluetooth technology, and embedded annotation may enhance the supervisory process. It also reports results of graduate students' perception of the benefits and satisfaction with the types of technology used. Method Survey data were collected from graduate students about their use and perceived benefits of advanced technology to support supervision during their 1st clinical experience. Results Survey results indicate that students found the use of their video recordings useful for self-evaluation, data collection, and therapy preparation. The students also perceived an increase in self-confidence through the use of the Bluetooth headsets as their supervisors could provide guidance and encouragement without interrupting the flow of their therapy sessions by entering the room to redirect them. Conclusions The use of video recording technology can provide opportunities for students to review: videos of prospective clients they will be treating, their treatment videos for self-assessment purposes, and for additional data collection. Bluetooth technology provides immediate communication between the clinical educator and the student. Students reported that the result of that communication can improve their self-confidence, perceived performance, and subsequent shift toward independence.


ASHA Leader ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Jaumeiko Brown
Keyword(s):  

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinciya Pandian ◽  
Thai Tran Nguyen ◽  
Marek Mirski ◽  
Nasir Islam Bhatti

Abstract The techniques of performing a tracheostomy has transformed over time. Percutaneous tracheostomy is gaining popularity over open tracheostomy given its advantages and as a result the number of bedside tracheostomies has increased necessitating the need for a Percutaneous Tracheostomy Program. The Percutaneous Tracheostomy Program at the Johns Hopkins Hospital is a comprehensive service that provides care to patients before, during, and after a tracheostomy with a multidisciplinary approach aimed at decreasing complications. Education is provided to patients, families, and health-care professionals who are involved in the management of a tracheostomy. Ongoing prospective data collection serves as a tool for Quality Assurance.


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