Dry Cell Batteries for Recording and Projecting

1929 ◽  
Vol 13 (38) ◽  
pp. 453-460
Author(s):  
W. B. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Dry Cell

scholarly journals Metabolic engineering of Moorella thermoacetica for thermophilic bioconversion of gaseous substrates to a volatile chemical

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Kato ◽  
Kaisei Takemura ◽  
Setsu Kato ◽  
Tatsuya Fujii ◽  
Keisuke Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Autotrophic Growth ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Moorella Thermoacetica ◽  
Gas Fermentation ◽  
Dry Cell ◽  
Co Gas

AbstractGas fermentation is one of the promising bioprocesses to convert CO2 or syngas to important chemicals. Thermophilic gas fermentation of volatile chemicals has the potential for the development of consolidated bioprocesses that can simultaneously separate products during fermentation. This study reports the production of acetone from CO2 and H2, CO, or syngas by introducing the acetone production pathway using acetyl–coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) and acetate produced via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway in Moorella thermoacetica. Reducing the carbon flux from Ac-CoA to acetate through genetic engineering successfully enhanced acetone productivity, which varied on the basis of the gas composition. The highest acetone productivity was obtained with CO–H2, while autotrophic growth collapsed with CO2–H2. By adding H2 to CO, the acetone productivity from the same amount of carbon source increased compared to CO gas only, and the maximum specific acetone production rate also increased from 0.04 to 0.09 g-acetone/g-dry cell/h. Our development of the engineered thermophilic acetogen M. thermoacetica, which grows at a temperature higher than the boiling point of acetone (58 °C), would pave the way for developing a consolidated process with simplified and cost-effective recovery via condensation following gas fermentation.

scholarly journals Complete biosynthesis of a sulfated chondroitin in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinaya Badri ◽  
Asher Williams ◽  
Adeola Awofiranye ◽  
Payel Datta ◽  
Ke Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Microbial Product ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
One Step ◽  
Dry Cell

AbstractSulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of important biologics that are currently manufactured by extraction from animal tissues. Although such methods are unsustainable and prone to contamination, animal-free production methods have not emerged as competitive alternatives due to complexities in scale-up, requirement for multiple stages and cost of co-factors and purification. Here, we demonstrate the development of single microbial cell factories capable of complete, one-step biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS), a type of GAG. We engineer E. coli to produce all three required components for CS production–chondroitin, sulfate donor and sulfotransferase. In this way, we achieve intracellular CS production of ~27 μg/g dry-cell-weight with about 96% of the disaccharides sulfated. We further explore four different factors that can affect the sulfation levels of this microbial product. Overall, this is a demonstration of simple, one-step microbial production of a sulfated GAG and marks an important step in the animal-free production of these molecules.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Recombinant Myrosinase Production in Pichia pastoris

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3677
Author(s):  
Zuzana Rosenbergová ◽  
Kristína Kántorová ◽  
Martin Šimkovič ◽  
Albert Breier ◽  
Martin Rebroš
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Dry Cell

Myrosinase is a plant defence enzyme catalysing the hydrolysis of glucosinolates, a group of plant secondary metabolites, to a range of volatile compounds. One of the products, isothiocyanates, proved to have neuroprotective and chemo-preventive properties, making myrosinase a pharmaceutically interesting enzyme. In this work, extracellular expression of TGG1 myrosinase from Arabidopsis thaliana in the Pichia pastoris KM71H (MutS) strain was upscaled to a 3 L laboratory fermenter for the first time. Fermentation conditions (temperature and pH) were optimised, which resulted in a threefold increase in myrosinase productivity compared to unoptimised fermentation conditions. Dry cell weight increased 1.5-fold, reaching 100.5 g/L without additional glycerol feeding. Overall, a specific productivity of 4.1 U/Lmedium/h was achieved, which was 102.5-fold higher compared to flask cultivations.

Quantitative Effects of Oxygen Supply on Mycelia Growth and Extracellular Polysaccharide of Ganoderma tsugae

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 975-978
Author(s):  
Nukrob Narkprasom ◽  
Tzou Chi Huang ◽  
Yuan Kuang Guu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dry Cell

The quantitative effects of oxygen supply in terms of shaking speed and medium volume on the production of mycelia and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) using Ganoderma tsugae in submerged fermentation were investigated. Mycelia growth required the proper shaking speed at 134 rpm for breaking a larger pellet into several smaller pellets. Furthermore, high level of medium volume for consumption of abundant nutrient is needed for maximum mycelia growth. For EPS, a high agitation is needed to promote a good mass transfer for achieving high product concentrations recovery. The appropriate medium volume was found to be 150.4 mL for aiding to produce a secondary metabolite by promoting the mass transfer of substrates. The dry cell mass (DCM)-EPS diagram of G. tsugae was created from the both production equations which this diagram is an useful tool for submerge fermentation industry for decision about to control the both productions.

Leaching and separation of zinc from the black paste of spent MnO2-Zn dry cell batteries

2007 ◽  
Vol 143 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. El-Nadi ◽  
J.A. Daoud ◽  
H.F. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Dry Cell

scholarly journals GROWTH AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MARINE MICROALGA NANNOCHLOROPSIS sp IN MEDIUM ENRICHED WITH MAGNESIUM

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
J. Tri Astuti ◽  
Lies Sriwuryandari ◽  
Ekoputro Agung Putro ◽  
T. Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Marine Microalga ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content ◽  
Dry Cell ◽  
All Treatment

Micro-algae are to be an attractive way to produce bio-diesel due to high photosynthetic yields and lipid accumulation in cells. This high productivity combined with possibility to uptake CO2 stimulated its utilization as a biological mitigation method of CO2, at once as an alternative renewable source of energy. Growth characteristics and chemical composition of micro-algae can be altered by culture environment. Nutrient sufficiency,included magnesium element (Mg2+) is important factors on overall biochemical composition. In study, Nannochloropsis sp was cultivated in Erlenmeyer 250 ml containing 200 ml f/2 medium. There are three groups of treatment with different levelof magnesium (Mg2+), i.e. 0 (M0); 0.1mgL-1 (M1); and 1.0 mgL-1 (M2). All treatment was designed triplicate in batch system. Culture was then aerated continuously with sterile atmospheric air (1.5 L.min-1). Cells were harvested on 25th day after inoculation and analyzed. Data showed that Chlorophyll-a increased linearly with time and maximum at 18th days of growth period, i.e. 23.57; 26.44; and 27.74mgL-1, for M0; M1; and M2,respectively. Chlorophyll-a content decreased significantly when pH dropped to 5-6.Enrichment with Mg2+ increased the chlorophyll-a content 12.2-17.7%. Dry cell reached 375-400mgL-1 in all treatment. Lipid content of Nannochloropsis sp in control (M0) is 55.3%, higher than M1 and M2. Saturated fatty acid tends to increase from 80.70 (M0)to 96.70 (M1) and 94.53% (M2). Fatty acid of M0 and M1 was composed dominantly by palmitic acid (C16:0), i.e. 49.19-70.75% total fatty acids. Meanwhile, M2 treatment was dominantly by lauric acid (C12:0), i.e. 32.98%.Keywords: CO2 biological mitigation, chlorophyll-a, fatty acid, lipid, agnesium,microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp, photosynthesis.

scholarly journals Effect of the Concentration of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Aeration Intensity on Waste Glycerol Valorization by Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Produced in Heterotrophic Culture of Schizochytrium sp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9573
Author(s):  
Natalia Kujawska ◽  
Szymon Talbierz ◽  
Marcin Dębowski ◽  
Joanna Kazimierowicz ◽  
Marcin Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Dha Production ◽  
Dry Cell

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production by Schizochytrium sp. biomass fed with waste glycerol depending on the concentration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the culture medium and medium aeration effectiveness. The microalgae from the genus Schizochytrium sp. were proved to be capable of producing EPS composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, and xylose. The highest EPS concentration, reaching 8.73 ± 0.09 g/dm3, was determined at the stationary growth phase. A high EPS concentration caused culture medium viscosity to increase, contributing to diminished oxygen availability for cells, lower culture effectiveness, and reduced waste glycerol conversion to DHA. The Schizochytrium sp. culture variant found optimal in terms of the obtained technological effects and operating costs was performed at the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient of kLa = 600 1/h, which enabled obtaining dry cell weight (DCW) of 147.89 ± 4.77 g/dm3, lipid concentration of 69.44 ± 0.76 g/dm3, and DHA concentration in the biomass reaching 29.44 ± 0.36 g/dm3. The effectiveness of waste glycerol consumption in this variant reached 3.76 ± 0.31 g/dm3·h and 3.16 ± 0.22 g/gDCW.

A new electric trap for tsetse flies

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Rogers ◽  
David T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Dry Cell

AbstractA new electric trap for tsetse flies (Glossina spp.), based on a circuit producing the necessary high voltages from a small 2-V battery, is described. Power consumption is reduced to less than 1% of its level in other circuits designed for the same purpose so that in theory up to 300 h operation per charge is available from a single 2-V dry cell with a 7-Ah capacity (weight approximately 460 g). In practice this time is more likely to be limited by the shelf-life of the cell in tropical climates. The new circuit and a modified grid were tested against G. morsitans submorsitans Newst. during field trials in Ethiopia and the results are discussed. A high percentage of females was obtained only when a stunning capacitor was introduced across the output. The capacitor stores the charge from the circuit and gives a bigger impulse as flies land across the wires. It seems that, in the absence of the capacitor, females that visit the catching device escape from the electrified grid. When they are caught they are stunned for about the same length of time as male flies.

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