The use of ground penetrating radar for remote sensing the organic layer – mineral soil interface in paludified boreal forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Laamrani ◽  
Osvaldo Valeria ◽  
Li Zhen Cheng ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Christian Camerlynck
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Layer Mineral ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Soil Interface

scholarly journals Imaging tropical peatlands in Indonesia using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI): implications for carbon stock estimates and peat soil characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2995-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Comas ◽  
N. Terry ◽  
L. Slater ◽  
M. Warren ◽  
R. Kolka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽  
Resistivity Imaging ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Tropical Peatlands ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Soil Interface

Abstract. Current estimates of carbon (C) storage in peatland systems worldwide indicate that tropical peatlands comprise about 15% of the global peat carbon pool. Such estimates are uncertain due to data gaps regarding organic peat soil thickness, volume and C content. We combined a set of indirect geophysical methods (ground-penetrating radar, GPR, and electrical resistivity imaging, ERI) with direct observations using core sampling and C analysis to determine how geophysical imaging may enhance traditional coring methods for estimating peat thickness and C storage in a tropical peatland system in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Both GPR and ERI methods demonstrated their capability to estimate peat thickness in tropical peat soils at a spatial resolution not feasible with traditional coring methods. GPR is able to capture peat thickness variability at centimeter-scale vertical resolution, although peat thickness determination was difficult for peat columns exceeding 5 m in the areas studied, due to signal attenuation associated with thick clay-rich transitional horizons at the peat–mineral soil interface. ERI methods were more successful for imaging deeper peatlands with thick organomineral layers between peat and underlying mineral soil. Results obtained using GPR methods indicate less than 3% variation in peat thickness (when compared to coring methods) over low peat–mineral soil interface gradients (i.e., below 0.02°) and show substantial impacts in C storage estimates (i.e., up to 37 MgC ha−1 even for transects showing a difference between GPR and coring estimates of 0.07 m in average peat thickness). The geophysical data also provide information on peat matrix attributes such as thickness of organomineral horizons between peat and underlying substrate, the presence of buried wood, buttressed trees or tip-up pools and soil type. The use of GPR and ERI methods to image peat profiles at high resolution can be used to further constrain quantification of peat C pools and inform responsible peatland management in Indonesia and elsewhere in the tropics.

scholarly journals Active Layer Stratigraphy and Organic Layer Thickness at a Thermokarst Site in Arctic Alaska Identified Using Ground Penetrating Radar

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Gusmeroli ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Kevin Schaefer ◽  
Tingjun Zhang ◽  
Timothy Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Arctic Alaska ◽  
Ground Penetrating

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Materials for a Preliminary Archaeological Evaluation of the Giove Countryside (Terni, Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Matteo Barone ◽  
Elizabeth Wueste ◽  
Richard Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
American University ◽  
Archaeological Prospection ◽  
Tiber River ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
Ground Penetrating

A collaboration between the American University of Rome, the Municipality of Giove, and Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio dellʼUmbria has resulted in an academic project aimed at a preliminary evaluation of a particular area along the Tiber river that straddles the border between Umbria and Lazio. Archaeological prospection methods, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and photogrammetry, have made it possible to better study the landscape with respect to not only the changes the area has undergone recently, but also its evolution during the Roman and Medieval periods, while keeping the main communication route represented by the Tiber river as its fulcrum.

scholarly journals Identificando áreas de actividad a través del uso de GPR en la costa del Soconusco

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 41-63
Author(s):  
Marx Navarro Castillo ◽  
Hector Neff
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Ground Penetrating

This article is focused on the importance of remote sensing techniques for archaeological studies, specifically LiDAR, and geophysics techniques, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR). The use of LiDAR has become popular in the last ten years and its use in forested places has been very effective despite the low visibility. In the case of GPR, it is generally used in those places where evidence of structure remains can be found. However, in the sites identified by the Project Costa del Soconusco there are no buildings with these characteristics, but their usefulness for the identification of areas of ceramic production have been decisive for the development of our study. These techniques have provided important data that has allowed us to know more about the settlements located in the eastern region of Soconusco.

Detection of voids behind segments in the shield tunnels by using Ground Penetrating Radar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Liu ◽  
JianYing Lin ◽  
Xu Meng ◽  
Yanliang Du
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Concrete Lining ◽  
Shield Tunnel ◽  
Reverse Time ◽  
Reverse Time Migration ◽  
Time Migration ◽  
Ground Penetrating

<p><em>Abstract—</em>Metro traffic in subsurface tunnels is under a rapid development in many cities in the recent decades. However, the voids and other concealed defects inside and/or behind the tunnel lining pose critical threat to the safety of the operating metro tunnels. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical technique by transmitting electromagnetic (EM) waves and receiving the reflected signals. GPR has proved its capability in the detection of the existence of tunnel structural defects and anomalies. However, the voids are still hard to be recognized in a GPR image due to the strong scattering clutter caused by the dense steel bars reinforced inside the concrete lining [1]. In this paper, we analyze the propagations of EM waves through reinforce concrete segments of shield tunnels by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations and model test.  Firstly, a series of simulations results we have done, indicates that the center frequency of GPR ranges from 400 MHz to 600 MHz has a good penetration through the densely reinforced concrete lining. And the distance between the antennas and the surface of shield tunnel segments should be less than 0.2 m to ensure a good coupling of incident electromagnetic energy into the concrete structure. Then, to image the geometric features of the void behind the segment, reverse-time migration method is applied to the simulated GPR B-scan profile, which presents higher resolution results than the results by using the traditional diffraction stack migration (Figure 1) [2]. Finally, the field experiment results prove that a commercial GPR system operating at a center frequency of 600 MHz do detect a void behind the shield tunnel (Figure 2). The reflection from the void, which starts from the back interface of the segments and lasts over 20 ns, are significantly different from the reflections from the rebars (Figure 3). In summary, GPR has potential in the detection of voids behind the shield tunnel segment. More simulations and field experiments will be performed in the future.</p><p>Keywords—ground penetrating radar (GPR); shield tunnel; voids; reverse time migration (RTM)</p><p>Acknowledgement—this work was supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology program (grant number:KQTD20180412181337494).</p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.5ecbddc6f70069664311161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&app=m&a=0&c=eb6a5ae55b4b24b5585021db0e5ca760&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif&d=1" alt=""></p><p>Fig. 1 Numerical simulation of two segments of 2D shield tunnel. (a) numerical model, (b) simulated GPR B-scan profile, (c) migrated profile by using diffraction stack migration and (d) migrated profile by using reverse-time migration.</p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.659ecbe6f70069964311161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&app=m&a=0&c=07531c033a4f74c3a8e3ac1f5f47316c&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif&d=1" alt=""></p><p>Fig. 2 One photo of the field experiment.</p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.d7c12807f70068274311161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&app=m&a=0&c=dd5c073fd4c06a9fd77db502c1d017f2&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif&d=1" alt=""></p><p>Fig. 3 GPR reflections from a void behind the segment of a subway tunnel</p><p>References</p><p>[1]     H. Liu, H. Lu, J. Lin, F. Han, C. Liu, J. Cui, B. F. Spencer, “Penetration Properties of Ground Penetrating Radar Waves through Rebar Grids” , IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters ( <strong>DOI:</strong> 10.1109/LGRS.2020.2995670)</p><p>[2]          H. Liu, Z. Long, F. Han, G. Fang, Q. H. Liu, “Frequency-Domain Reverse-Time Migration of Ground Penetrating Radar Based on Layered Medium Green's Functions”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 08, pp. 2957-2965, 2018.</p><p> </p>

Geophysical Survey on the Coast of Peru: The Early Prehispanic City of Gallinazo Group in the Viru Valley

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Millaire ◽  
Edward Eastaugh
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
South America ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Recent geophysical survey at the early urban center of the Gallinazo Group in the Virú Valley highlights the potential for a multifaceted approach to remote sensing on the desert coast of South America and underscores the value of these well-established techniques for the rapid and detailed mapping of complex urban architecture. The Gallinazo Group (100 B.C.-A.D. 700) was an early city home to a population of between 10,000 and 14,400 people living in a network of agglutinated houses, plazas, public buildings, and alleyways. In 2008, detailed analysis of the site was undertaken, integrating traditional excavation techniques, soil coring, magnetometry, and ground-penetrating radar to gain a better understanding of the urban morphology of the site. The results of this fieldwork were extremely successful, with large areas of the urban layout being mapped in great detail. This article presents results from our survey, highlighting the potentials and limitations of each technique.

Planform and stratigraphic signature of proximal braided streams: remote-sensing and ground-penetrating-radar analysis of the Kicking Horse River, Canadian Rocky Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-149
Author(s):  
Natasha N. Cyples ◽  
Alessandro Ielpi ◽  
Randy W. Dirszowsky
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Braided Rivers ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
Channel Belt ◽  
Braided Streams ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Ground Penetrating

ABSTRACT Braided rivers have accumulated a dominant fraction of the terrestrial sedimentary record, and yet their morphodynamics in proximal intermountain reaches are still not fully documented—a shortcoming that hampers a full understanding of sediment fluxes and stratigraphic preservation in proximal-basin tracts. Located in the eastern Canadian Cordillera near the continental divide, the Kicking Horse River is an iconic stream that has served as a model for proximal-braided rivers since the 1970s. Legacy work on the river was based solely on ground observations of small, in-channel bars; here we integrate field data at the scale of individual bars to the entire channel belt with time-lapse remote sensing and ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) imaging, in order to produce a more sophisticated morphodynamic model for the river. Cyclical discharge fluctuations related to both diurnal and seasonal variations in melt-water influx control the planform evolution and corresponding stratigraphic signature of trunk channels, intermittently active anabranch channels, and both bank-attached and mid-channel bars. Three-dimensional GPR fence diagrams of compound-bar complexes are built based on the identification of distinct radar facies related to: i) accretion and migration of unit bars, ii) both downstream and lateral outbuilding of bar-slip foresets; iii) buildup of bedload sheets, iv) channel avulsion, and v) accretion of mounded bars around logs or outsized clasts. Trends observed downstream-ward include decreases in gradient and grain size decreases, trunk-channel shrinkage, intensified avulsion (with increase in abundance for anabranch channels), and a shift from high-relief to low-relief bar topography. The integration of ground sedimentology, time-lapse remote sensing, and GPR imaging demonstrates that proximal-braided streams such as the Kicking Horse River can be critically compared to larger systems located farther away from their source uplands despite obvious scale differences.

scholarly journals Predicting the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stock in Swedish forests using a group of covariates and site-specific data

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-398
Author(s):  
Kpade O. L. Hounkpatin ◽  
Johan Stendahl ◽  
Mattias Lundblad ◽  
Erik Karltun
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Local Models ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Layer Mineral

Abstract. The status of the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock at any position in the landscape is subject to a complex interplay of soil state factors operating at different scales and regulating multiple processes resulting either in soils acting as a net sink or net source of carbon. Forest landscapes are characterized by high spatial variability, and key drivers of SOC stock might be specific for sub-areas compared to those influencing the whole landscape. Consequently, separately calibrating models for sub-areas (local models) that collectively cover a target area can result in different prediction accuracy and SOC stock drivers compared to a single model (global model) that covers the whole area. The goal of this study was therefore to (1) assess how global and local models differ in predicting the humus layer, mineral soil, and total SOC stock in Swedish forests and (2) identify the key factors for SOC stock prediction and their scale of influence. We used the Swedish National Forest Soil Inventory (NFSI) database and a digital soil mapping approach to evaluate the prediction performance using random forest models calibrated locally for the northern, central, and southern Sweden (local models) and for the whole of Sweden (global model). Models were built by considering (1) only site characteristics which are recorded on the plot during the NFSI, (2) the group of covariates (remote sensing, historical land use data, etc.) and (3) both site characteristics and group of covariates consisting mostly of remote sensing data. Local models were generally more effective for predicting SOC stock after testing on independent validation data. Using the group of covariates together with NFSI data indicated that such covariates have limited predictive strength but that site-specific covariates from the NFSI showed better explanatory strength for SOC stocks. The most important covariates that influence the humus layer, mineral soil (0–50 cm), and total SOC stock were related to the site-characteristic covariates and include the soil moisture class, vegetation type, soil type, and soil texture. This study showed that local calibration has the potential to improve prediction accuracy, which will vary depending on the type of available covariates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document